Userid: CPM Schema: tipx Leadpct: 100% Pt. size: 10 Draft Ok to Print AH XSL/XML Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source (Init. & Date) _______ Page 1 of 17 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. Department of the Treasury Contents Internal Revenue Service Reminders Introduction Publication 529 (Rev. December 2019) Deductions for Unreimbursed Employee Cat. No. 15056O Expenses Unreimbursed Employee Expenses Expenses You Can’t Deduct Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Deductions Subject to the 2% AGI Limit Nondeductible Expenses Deductions Expenses You Can Deduct How To Report 11 Example 12 How To Get Tax Help 12 Index 16 Reminders Future developments. For the latest information about developments related to Pub. 529, such as legislation enacted after it was published, go to IRS.gov/Pub529. Photographs of missing children. The IRS is a proud partner with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children® (NCMEC). Photographs of missing children se- lected by the Center may appear in this publication on pa- ges that would otherwise be blank. You can help bring these children home by looking at the photographs and calling 1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678) if you recog- nize a child. Introduction This publication explains that you can no longer claim any miscellaneous itemized deductions, unless you fall into one of the qualified categories of employment claiming a deduction relating to unreimbursed employee expenses. Miscellaneous itemized deductions are those deductions that would have been subject to the 2% of adjusted gross income limitation. You can still claim certain expenses as itemized deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR) or as an adjustment to income on Form 1040 or 1040-SR. This publication covers the follow- ing topics. • Deductions for Unreimbursed Employee Expenses. Get forms and other information faster and easier at: • Expenses you can't deduct. • IRS.gov (English) • IRS.gov/Korean (한국어) Expenses you can deduct. • IRS.gov/Spanish (Español) • IRS.gov/Russian (Pусский) • • IRS.gov/Chinese (中文) • IRS.gov/Vietnamese (TiếngViệt) • How to report your deductions. Note. Generally, nonresident aliens who fall into one of the qualified categories of employment are allowed de- ductions to the extent they are directly related to income Oct 15, 2019 |
Page 2 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade income limitation, including unreimbursed employee ex- or business within the United States. penses. However, you may be able to deduct certain un- reimbursed employee business expenses if you fall into You must keep records to verify your deductions. one of the following categories of employment listed un- You should keep receipts, canceled checks, sub- RECORDS stitute checks, financial account statements, and der Unreimbursed Employee Expenses next, or are an eli- gible educator as defined under Educator Expenses, later. other documentary evidence. Comments and suggestions. We welcome your com- Unreimbursed Employee Expenses ments about this publication and your suggestions for fu- ture editions. You can no longer claim a deduction for unreimbursed You can send us comments through IRS.gov/ employee expenses unless you fall into one of the follow- FormComments. Or you can write to: ing categories of employment, or have certain qualified educator expenses. Internal Revenue Service • Armed Forces reservists. Tax Forms and Publications 1111 Constitution Ave. NW, IR-6526 • Qualified performing artists. Washington, DC 20224 • Fee-basis state or local government officials. Although we can’t respond individually to each com- • Employees with impairment-related work expenses. ment received, we do appreciate your feedback and will Unreimbursed employee expenses for individuals in consider your comments as we revise our tax forms, in- these categories of employment are deducted as adjust- structions, and publications. ments to gross income. Qualified employees listed in one Ordering forms and publications. Visit IRS.gov/ of the categories above must complete Form 2106 to take FormsPubs to download forms and publications. Other- the deduction. Certain qualified educator expenses are wise, you can go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to order current also deducted as an adjustment to gross income but you and prior-year forms and instructions. Your order should are not required to complete Form 2106. arrive within 10 business days. You can deduct only unreimbursed employee expen- Tax questions. If you have a tax question not an- ses that are: swered by this publication, check IRS.gov and How To • Paid or incurred during your tax year, Get Tax Help at the end of this publication. • For carrying on your trade or business of being an em- ployee, and Useful Items You may want to see: • Ordinary and necessary. An expense is ordinary if it is common and accepted in Publication your trade, business, or profession. An expense is neces- 463 463 Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses sary if it is appropriate and helpful to your business. An 525 525 Taxable and Nontaxable Income expense doesn't have to be required to be considered necessary. 535 535 Business Expenses 587 587 Business Use of Your Home (Including Use by Categories of Employment Daycare Providers) You can deduct unreimbursed employee expenses only if 946 946 How To Depreciate Property you qualify as an Armed Forces reservist, qualified per- forming artist, fee-basis state or local government official, Form (and Instructions) and employee with impairment-related work expenses. Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR) Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR) Itemized Deductions Armed Forces reservist (member of a reserve com- ponent). You are a member of a reserve component of 2106 2106 Employee Business Expenses the Armed Forces of the United States if you are in the See How To Get Tax Help at the end of this publication for Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or Coast Guard Re- information about getting these publications and forms. serve; the Army National Guard of the United States; or the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service. Armed Forces reservists traveling more than 100 Deductions for Unreimbursed miles from home. If you are a member of a reserve com- ponent of the Armed Forces of the United States and you Employee Expenses travel more than 100 miles away from home in connection with your performance of services as a member of the re- You can no longer claim any miscellaneous itemized de- serves, you can deduct some of your travel expenses as ductions that are subject to the 2% of adjusted gross an adjustment to gross income. The amount of expenses Page 2 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 3 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. you can deduct as an adjustment to gross income is limi- adjustment to gross income on your Schedule 1 (Form ted to the regular federal per diem rate (for lodging, meals, 1040 or 1040-SR), rather than as a miscellaneous item- and incidental expenses) and the standard mileage rate ized deduction. See the Instructions for Forms 1040 and (for car expenses) plus any parking fees, ferry fees, and 1040-SR for more information. tolls. The balance, if any, is reported on Schedule A. For more information on travel expenses, see Pub. Eligible educator. An eligible educator is a kindergarten 463. through grade 12 teacher, instructor, counselor, principal, or aide in school for at least 900 hours during a school Qualified performing artist. You are a qualified per- year. forming artist if you: Qualified expenses. Qualified expenses include ordi- 1. Performed services in the performing arts as an em- nary and necessary expenses paid in connection with ployee for at least two employers during the tax year, books, supplies, equipment (including computer equip- 2. Received from at least two of the employers wages of ment, software, and services), and other materials used in $200 or more per employer, the classroom. An ordinary expense is one that is com- mon and accepted in your educational field. A necessary 3. Had allowable business expenses attributable to the expense is one that is helpful and appropriate for your performing arts of more than 10% of gross income profession as an educator. An expense doesn’t have to be from the performing arts, and required to be considered necessary. 4. Had adjusted gross income of $16,000 or less before Qualified expenses also include those expenses you deducting expenses as a performing artist. incur while participating in professional development cour- ses related to the curriculum in which you provide instruc- If you are a qualified performing artist, you can deduct tion. It also includes those expenses related to those stu- your employee business expenses as an adjustment to in- dents for whom you provide that instruction. come rather than as a miscellaneous itemized deduction. Qualified expenses don’t include expenses for home For example, musicians and entertainers can deduct the schooling or for nonathletic supplies for courses in health cost of theatrical clothing and accessories that aren't suit- or physical education. You must reduce your qualified ex- able for everyday wear. If you are an employee, complete penses by the following amounts. Form 2106. See Pub. 463 for more information. • Excludable U.S. series EE and I savings bond interest Fee-basis state or local government official. You are from Form 8815. a qualifying fee-basis official if you are employed by a • Nontaxable qualified state tuition program earnings. state or political subdivision of a state and are compensa- ted, in whole or in part, on a fee basis. • Nontaxable earnings from Coverdell education sav- If you are a fee-basis official, you can claim your expen- ings accounts. ses in performing services in that job as an adjustment to • Any reimbursements you received for those expenses income rather than as a miscellaneous itemized deduc- that weren’t reported to you on your Form W-2, box 1. tion. See Pub. 463 for more information. Employee with impairment-related work expenses. Impairment-related work expenses are the allowable ex- Expenses You Can’t Deduct penses of an individual with physical or mental disabilities for attendant care at his or her place of employment. They In addition to the expenses that are no longer deductible also include other expenses in connection with the place as a miscellaneous itemized deduction, there are expen- of employment that enable the employee to work. See ses that are traditionally nondeductible under the Internal Pub. 463 for more details. Revenue Code. Both categories of deduction are dis- If you have a physical or mental disability that limits cussed next. your being employed, or substantially limits one or more of your major life activities, such as performing manual Miscellaneous Deductions Subject to tasks, walking, speaking, breathing, learning, and work- the 2% AGI Limit ing, you can deduct your impairment-related work expen- ses. Unless you qualify for an exception, discussed later, you Impairment-related work expenses are ordinary and generally can't deduct the following expenses, even if you necessary business expenses for attendant care services fall into one of the qualified categories of employment lis- at your place of work and other expenses in connection ted earlier. with your place of work that are necessary for you to be able to work. • Appraisal fees for a casualty loss or charitable contri- bution. Educator Expenses • Casualty and theft losses from property used in per- forming services as an employee. If you were an eligible educator for the tax year, you may be able to deduct qualified expenses you paid as an • Clerical help and office rent in caring for investments. Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 3 |
Page 4 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. • Credit or debit card convenience fees. Depreciation on Home Computer • Depreciation on home computers used for invest- If you use your home computer to produce income (for ex- ments. ample, to manage your investments that produce taxable • Excess deductions (including administrative expen- income), the depreciation of the computer for that part of ses) allowed a beneficiary on termination of an estate the usage of the computer is a miscellaneous itemized de- or trust. duction and is no longer deductible. • Fees to collect interest and dividends. Excess Deductions of an Estate • Hobby expenses, but generally not more than hobby income. An excess deduction resulting from an estate's total de- • Indirect miscellaneous deductions from pass-through ductions being greater than its gross income, in the previ- entities. ous tax year, is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and beneficiaries can no longer deduct it. • Investment fees and expenses. • Legal fees related to producing or collecting taxable Fees To Collect Interest and Dividends income or getting tax advice. Fees you pay to a broker, bank, trustee, or similar agent to • Loss on deposits in an insolvent or bankrupt financial collect your taxable bond interest or dividends on shares institution. of stock are miscellaneous itemized deductions and can • Loss on traditional IRAs or Roth IRAs, when all no longer be deducted. amounts have been distributed to you. • Repayments of income. Fines or Penalties • Repayments of social security benefits. No deduction is allowed for fines and penalties paid to a government or specified nongovernmental entity for the vi- • Safe deposit box rental, except for storing jewelry and olation of any law except in the following situations. other personal effects. • Service charges on dividend reinvestment plans. • Certain amounts that constitute restitution. • Tax advice fees. • Certain amounts paid to come into compliance with the law. • Trustee's fees for your IRA, if separately billed and paid. • Amounts paid or incurred as the result of certain court orders in which no government or specified nongo- vernmental agency is a party. Appraisal Fees • Amounts paid or incurred for taxes due. Appraisal fees you pay to figure a casualty loss or the fair market value of donated property are miscellaneous item- Nondeductible amounts include an amount paid in set- ized deductions and can no longer be deducted. tlement of your actual or potential liability for a fine or pen- alty (civil or criminal). Fines or penalties include amounts Casualty and Theft Losses paid such as parking tickets, tax penalties, and penalties deducted from teachers' paychecks after an illegal strike. Damaged or stolen property used in performing services No deduction is allowed for the restitution amount or as an employee is a miscellaneous deduction and can no amount paid to come into compliance with the law unless longer be deducted. For more information on casualty and the amounts are specifically identified in the settlement theft losses, see Pub. 547, Casualties, Disasters, and agreement or court order. Also, any amount paid or incur- Thefts. red as reimbursement to the government for the costs of any investigation or litigation are nondeductible. Clerical Help and Office Rent Hobby Expenses Office expenses, such as rent and clerical help, you pay in connection with your investments and collecting taxable A hobby isn’t a business because it isn’t carried on to income on those investments are miscellaneous itemized make a profit. If you receive income for an activity that you deductions and are no longer deductible. don’t carry out to make a profit, the expenses you pay for the activity are miscellaneous itemized deductions and Credit or Debit Card Convenience Fees can no longer be deducted. See Not-for-Profit Activities in chapter 1 of Pub. 535. You must still report the income The convenience fee charged by the card processor for you receive on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). paying your income tax (including estimated tax pay- ments) by credit or debit card is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and is no longer deductible. Page 4 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 5 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. Indirect Deductions of Pass-Through Loss on IRA Entities A loss on your traditional IRA (or Roth IRA) investment is Pass-through entities include partnerships, S corpora- a miscellaneous itemized deduction and can no longer be tions, and mutual funds that aren't publicly offered. De- deducted. ductions of pass-through entities are passed through to the partners or shareholders. The partner’s or sharehold- Repayments of Income er’s share of passed-through deductions for investment expenses are miscellaneous itemized deductions and can Generally, repayments of amounts that you included in in- no longer be deducted. come in an earlier year is a miscellaneous itemized de- duction and can no longer be deducted. If you had to re- Nonpublicly offered mutual funds. These funds will pay more than $3,000 that you included in your income in send you a Form 1099-DIV, or a substitute form, showing an earlier year, you may be able to deduct the amount. your share of gross income and investment expenses. See Repayments Under Claim of Right, later. The investment expenses reported on Form 1099-DIV are a miscellaneous itemized deduction and are no longer de- Repayments of Social Security Benefits ductible. If the total amount shown in box 5 of all of your Forms Investment Fees and Expenses SSA-1099 and RRB-1099 is a negative figure, you may be able to deduct part of this negative figure if the figure is Investment fees, custodial fees, trust administration fees, more than $3,000. If the figure is less than $3,000, it is a and other expenses you paid for managing your invest- miscellaneous itemized deduction and can no longer be ments that produce taxable income are miscellaneous deducted. See Pub. 915, Social Security and Equivalent itemized deductions and are no longer deductible. Railroad Retirement Benefits, for additional information. Legal Expenses Safe Deposit Box Rent Legal expenses that you incur in attempting to produce or Rent you pay for a safe deposit box you use to store taxa- collect taxable income or that you pay in connection with ble income-producing stocks, bonds, or investment rela- the determination, collection, or refund of any tax are mis- ted papers is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and can cellaneous itemized deductions and are no longer deduc- no longer be deducted. tible. You can deduct legal expenses that are related to You can't deduct the rent if you use the box only for TIP doing or keeping your job, such as those you paid jewelry, other personal items, or tax-exempt securities. to defend yourself against criminal charges aris- ing out of your trade or business. Service Charges on Dividend Reinvestment Plans You can deduct expenses of resolving tax issues relat- Service charges you pay as a subscriber in a dividend re- ing to profit or loss from business (Schedule C), rentals or investment plan are a miscellaneous itemized deduction royalties (Schedule E), or farm income and expenses and can no longer be deducted. These service charges (Schedule F) on the appropriate schedule. Expenses for include payments for: resolving nonbusiness tax issues are miscellaneous item- ized deductions and are no longer deductible. • Holding shares acquired through a plan, • Collecting and reinvesting cash dividends, and Loss on Deposits • Keeping individual records and providing detailed A loss on deposits can occur when a bank, credit union, or statements of accounts. other financial institution becomes insolvent or bankrupt. If you can reasonably estimate the amount of your loss on Tax Preparation Fees money you have on deposit in a financial institution that becomes insolvent or bankrupt, you can generally choose Tax preparation fees on the return for the year in which to deduct it in the current year even though its exact you pay them are a miscellaneous itemized deduction and amount hasn't been finally determined. can no longer be deducted. These fees include the cost of tax preparation software programs and tax publications. If none of the deposit is federally insured, you could de- They also include any fee you paid for electronic filing of duct the loss as a nonbusiness bad debt. Report it on your your return. Schedule D (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). You can no longer deduct the loss as an ordinary loss or as a casualty loss Trustee's Administrative Fees for IRA on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). Trustee's administrative fees that are billed separately and paid by you in connection with your IRA are a Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 5 |
Page 6 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. miscellaneous itemized deduction and can no longer be • Tax-exempt income, expenses of earning or collect- deducted. ing. • The value of wages never received or lost vacation Nondeductible Expenses time. In addition to the miscellaneous itemized deductions dis- • Travel expenses for another individual. cussed earlier, you can't deduct the following expenses. • Voluntary unemployment benefit fund contributions. • Wristwatches. List of Nondeductible Expenses • Adoption expenses. Adoption Expenses • Broker's commissions. You can't deduct the expenses of adopting a child but you • Burial or funeral expenses, including the cost of a may be able to take a credit for those expenses. For de- cemetery lot. tails, see Form 8839, Qualified Adoption Expenses. • Campaign expenses. Commissions • Capital expenses. Commissions paid on the purchase of securities aren't de- • Check-writing fees. ductible, either as business or nonbusiness expenses. In- • Club dues. stead, these fees must be added to the taxpayer's cost of the securities. Commissions paid on the sale are deducti- • Commuting expenses. ble as business expenses only by dealers. • Fees and licenses, such as car licenses, marriage li- censes, and dog tags. Campaign Expenses • Fines or penalties. You can't deduct campaign expenses of a candidate for • Health spa expenses. any office, even if the candidate is running for reelection to • Hobby losses—but see Hobby Expenses, earlier. the office. These include qualification and registration fees for primary elections. • Home repairs, insurance, and rent. • Home security system. Legal fees. You can't deduct legal fees paid to defend charges that arise from participation in a political cam- • Illegal bribes and kickbacks—see Bribes and kick- paign. backs in chapter 11 of Pub. 535. • Investment-related seminars. Capital Expenses • Life insurance premiums paid by the insured. You can't currently deduct amounts paid to buy property • Lobbying expenses. that has a useful life substantially beyond the tax year or amounts paid to increase the value or prolong the life of • Losses from the sale of your home, furniture, personal property. If you use such property in your work, you may car, etc. be able to take a depreciation deduction. See Pub. 946. If • Lost or misplaced cash or property. the property is a car used in your work, also see Pub. 463. • Lunches with co-workers. Check-Writing Fees on Personal Account • Meals while working late. • Medical expenses as business expenses other than If you have a personal checking account, you can't deduct medical examinations required by your employer. fees charged by the bank for the privilege of writing checks, even if the account pays interest. • Personal disability insurance premiums. • Personal legal expenses. Club Dues • Personal, living, or family expenses. Generally, you can't deduct the cost of membership in any • Political contributions. club organized for business, pleasure, recreation, or other social purpose. This includes business, social, athletic, • Professional accreditation fees. luncheon, sporting, airline, hotel, golf, and country clubs. • Professional reputation, expenses to improve. You can't deduct dues paid to an organization if one of • Relief fund contributions. its main purposes is to: • Residential telephone line. • Conduct entertainment activities for members or their • Stockholders' meeting, expenses of attending. guests, or Page 6 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 7 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. • Provide members or their guests with access to enter- Investment-Related Seminars tainment facilities. You can't deduct any expenses for attending a conven- Dues paid to airline, hotel, and luncheon clubs aren't tion, seminar, or similar meeting for investment purposes. deductible. Life Insurance Premiums Commuting Expenses You can't deduct premiums you pay on your life insur- ance. You may be able to deduct, as alimony, premiums You can't deduct commuting expenses (the cost of trans- you pay on life insurance policies assigned to your former portation between your home and your main or regular spouse. See Pub. 504, Divorced or Separated Individuals, place of work). If you fall into one of the qualified catego- for information on alimony. ries of employment discussed under Unreimbursed Em- ployee Expenses, earlier, and you haul tools, instruments, Lobbying Expenses or other items in your car to and from work, you can de- duct only the additional cost of hauling the items, such as You generally can't deduct amounts paid or incurred for the rent on a trailer to carry the items. lobbying expenses. These include expenses to: Fines or Penalties 1. Influence legislation; 2. Participate, or intervene, in any political campaign for, No deduction is allowed for fines and penalties paid to a or against, any candidate for public office; government or specified nongovernmental entity for the vi- olation of any law except in the following situations. 3. Attempt to influence the general public, or segments of the public, about elections, legislative matters, or • Certain amounts that constitute restitution. referendums; or • Certain amounts paid to come into compliance with 4. Communicate directly with covered executive branch the law. officials in any attempt to influence the official actions • Amounts paid or incurred as the result of certain court or positions of those officials. orders in which no government or specified nongo- vernmental agency is a party. Lobbying expenses also include any amounts paid or incurred for research, preparation, planning, or coordina- • Amounts paid or incurred for taxes due. tion of any of these activities. Nondeductible amounts include an amount paid in set- Covered executive branch official. A covered execu- tlement of your actual or potential liability for a fine or pen- tive branch official, for the purpose of (4) above, is any of alty (civil or criminal). Fines or penalties include amounts the following officials. paid such as parking tickets, tax penalties, and penalties deducted from teachers' paychecks after an illegal strike. • The President. No deduction is allowed for the restitution amount or • The Vice President. amount paid to come into compliance with the law unless • Any officer or employee of the White House Office of the amounts are specifically identified in the settlement the Executive Office of the President, and the two agreement or court order. Also, any amount paid or incur- most senior level officers of each of the other agen- red as reimbursement to the government for the costs of cies in the Executive Office. any investigation or litigation are nondeductible. • Any individual serving in a position in Level I of the Ex- ecutive Schedule under section 5312 of title 5, United Health Spa Expenses States Code, any other individual designated by the President as having Cabinet-level status, and any im- You can't deduct health spa expenses, even if there is a mediate deputy of one of these individuals. job requirement to stay in excellent physical condition, such as might be required of a law enforcement officer. Dues used for lobbying. If a tax-exempt organization notifies you that part of the dues or other amounts you pay Home Security System to the organization are used to pay nondeductible lobby- ing expenses, you can't deduct that part. You can't deduct the cost of a home security system as a miscellaneous deduction. However, you may be able to Exceptions. You can deduct certain lobbying expenses claim a deduction for a home security system as a busi- if they are ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying ness expense if you have a home office. See Home Office on your trade or business. under Expenses You Can Deduct, later, and Pub. 587. • You can deduct in-house expenses for influencing legislation or communicating directly with a covered executive branch official if the expenses for the tax Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 7 |
Page 8 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. year aren't more than $2,000 (not counting overhead Professional Accreditation Fees expenses). You can't deduct professional accreditation fees such as • If you are a professional lobbyist, you can deduct the the following. expenses you incur in the trade or business of lobby- ing on behalf of another person. Payments by the • Accounting certificate fees paid for the initial right to other person to you for lobbying activities can't be de- practice accounting. ducted. • Bar exam fees and incidental expenses in securing in- itial admission to the bar. Lost or Mislaid Cash or Property • Medical and dental license fees paid to get initial li- You can't deduct a loss based on the mere disappearance censing. of money or property. However, an accidental loss or dis- appearance of property can qualify as a casualty if it re- Professional Reputation sults from an identifiable event that is sudden, unexpec- ted, or unusual. See Pub. 547. You can't deduct expenses of radio and TV appearances to increase your personal prestige or establish your pro- Lunches With Co-Workers fessional reputation. You can't deduct the expenses of lunches with co-work- Relief Fund Contributions ers, except while traveling away from home on business. See Pub. 463 for information on deductible expenses You can't deduct contributions paid to a private plan that while traveling away from home. pays benefits to any covered employee who can't work because of any injury or illness not related to the job. Meals While Working Late Residential Telephone Service You can't deduct the cost of meals while working late. However, you may be able to claim a deduction for 50% of You can't deduct any charge (including taxes) for basic lo- the cost of the meals if you are traveling away from home. cal telephone service for the first telephone line to your See Pub. 463 for information on deductible expenses residence, even if it is used in a trade or business. while traveling away from home. Stockholders' Meetings Personal Legal Expenses You can't deduct transportation and other expenses you You can't deduct personal legal expenses such as those pay to attend stockholders' meetings of companies in for the following. which you own stock but have no other interest. You can't deduct these expenses even if you are attending the • Custody of children. meeting to get information that would be useful in making • Breach of promise to marry suit. further investments. • Civil or criminal charges resulting from a personal re- lationship. Tax-Exempt Income Expenses • Damages for personal injury (except certain whistle- You can't deduct expenses to produce tax-exempt in- blower claims and unlawful discrimination claims). For come. You can't deduct interest on a debt incurred or con- more information about unlawful discrimination claims, tinued to buy or carry tax-exempt securities. see Expenses You Can’t Deduct, earlier. If you have expenses to produce both taxable and • Preparation of a title (or defense or perfection of a ti- tax-exempt income, but you can't identify the expenses tle). that produce each type of income, you must divide the ex- • Preparation of a will. penses based on the amount of each type of income to determine the amount that you can deduct. • Property claims or property settlement in a divorce. You can't deduct these expenses even if a result of the Travel Expenses for Another Individual legal proceeding is the loss of income-producing property. You generally can't deduct travel expenses you pay or in- cur for a spouse, dependent, or other individual who ac- Political Contributions companies you (or your employee) on personal or busi- ness travel unless the spouse, dependent, or other You can't deduct contributions made to a political candi- individual is an employee of the taxpayer, the travel is for date, a campaign committee, or a newsletter fund. Adver- a bona fide business purpose, and such expenses would tisements in convention bulletins and admissions to din- otherwise be deductible by the spouse, dependent, or ners or programs that benefit a political party or political candidate aren't deductible. Page 8 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 9 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. other individual. See Pub. 463 for more information on de- Pre-1998 election to amortize bond premium. Gener- ductible travel expenses. ally, if you first elected to amortize bond premium before 1998, the above treatment of the premium doesn't apply Voluntary Unemployment Benefit Fund to bonds you acquired before 1988. Contributions Bonds acquired after October 22, 1986, and before 1988. The amortization of the premium on these bonds is You can't deduct voluntary unemployment benefit fund investment interest expense subject to the investment in- contributions you make to a union fund or a private fund. terest limit, unless you chose to treat it as an offset to in- However, you can deduct contributions as taxes if state terest income on the bond. law requires you to make them to a state unemployment fund that covers you for the loss of wages from unemploy- Bonds acquired before October 23, 1986. The am- ment caused by business conditions. ortization of the premium on these bonds is deducted as an itemized deduction on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or Wristwatches 1040-SR). You can't deduct the cost of a wristwatch, even if there is Deduction for excess premium. On certain bonds a job requirement that you know the correct time to prop- (such as bonds that pay a variable rate of interest or that erly perform your duties. provide for an interest-free period), the amount of bond premium allocable to a period may exceed the amount of stated interest allocable to the period. If this occurs, treat the excess as an itemized deduction on your Schedule A Expenses You Can Deduct (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). However, the amount deducti- ble is limited to the amount by which your total interest in- You can deduct the items listed below as itemized deduc- clusions on the bond in prior periods exceed the total tions. Report these items on your Schedule A (Form 1040 amount you treated as a bond premium deduction on the or 1040-SR), or your Schedule A (Form 1040-NR). bond in prior periods. If any of the excess bond premium can't be deducted List of Deductions because of the limit, this amount is carried forward to the next period and is treated as bond premium allocable to • Amortizable premium on taxable bonds. that period. If there is a bond premium carryforward as of • Casualty and theft losses from income-producing the end of the accrual period in which the bond is sold, re- property. tired, or otherwise disposed of, treat the carryforward as an itemized deduction on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or • Federal estate tax on income in respect of a dece- 1040-SR). dent. Pre-1998 choice to amortize bond premium. If • Fines or penalties. ! you made the choice to amortize the premium on • Gambling losses up to the amount of gambling win- CAUTION taxable bonds before 1998, you can deduct the nings. bond premium amortization that is more than your interest income only for bonds acquired during 1998 and later • Impairment-related work expenses of persons with years. disabilities. • Losses from Ponzi-type investment schemes. More information. For more information on bond pre- • Repayments of more than $3,000 under a claim of mium, see Bond Premium Amortization in chapter 3 of right. Pub. 550. • Unlawful discrimination claims. Casualty and Theft Losses of • Unrecovered investment in an annuity. Income-Producing Property • An ordinary loss attributable to a contingent payment debt instrument or an inflation-indexed debt instru- You can deduct a casualty or theft loss as an itemized de- ment (for example, a Treasury Inflation-Protected Se- duction on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), if curity). the damaged or stolen property was income-producing property (property held for investment, such as stocks, notes, bonds, gold, silver, vacant lots, and works of art). Amortizable Premium on Taxable Bonds First report the loss on Form 4684. You may also have to In general, if the amount you pay for a bond is greater than include the loss on Form 4797, Sales of Business Prop- its stated principal amount, the excess is bond premium. erty, if you are otherwise required to file that form. To fig- You can elect to amortize the premium on taxable bonds. ure your deduction, add all casualty or theft losses from The amortization of the premium is generally an offset to this type of property included on Form 4684, or Form interest income on the bond rather than a separate deduc- 4797. For more information on casualty and theft losses, tion item. see Pub. 547. Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 9 |
Page 10 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. Federal Estate Tax on Income in Respect of Diary of winnings and losses. You must keep a Decedent an accurate diary or similar record of your losses RECORDS and winnings. You can deduct the federal estate tax attributable to in- come in respect of a decedent that you as a beneficiary Your diary should contain at least the following informa- include in your gross income. Income in respect of the de- tion. cedent is gross income that the decedent would have re- • The date and type of your specific wager or wagering ceived had death not occurred and that wasn't properly in- activity. cludible in the decedent's final income tax return. See Pub. 559 for information about figuring the amount of this • The name and address or location of the gambling es- deduction. tablishment. • The names of other persons present with you at the Fines or Penalties gambling establishment. Generally, a deduction is allowed for fines and penalties • The amount(s) you won or lost. paid to a government or specified nongovernmental entity Proof of winnings and losses. In addition to your diary, for the violation of any law in the following situations. you should also have other documentation. You can gen- • Certain amounts that constitute restitution. erally prove your winnings and losses through Form • Certain amounts paid to come into compliance with W-2G, Certain Gambling Winnings; Form 5754, State- the law. ment by Person(s) Receiving Gambling Winnings; wager- ing tickets; canceled checks; substitute checks; credit re- • Amounts paid or incurred as the result of certain court cords; bank withdrawals; and statements of actual orders in which no government or specified nongo- winnings or payment slips provided to you by the gam- vernmental agency is a party. bling establishment. • Amounts paid or incurred for taxes due. For specific wagering transactions, you can use the fol- lowing items to support your winnings and losses. Nondeductible amounts include an amount paid in set- These recordkeeping suggestions are intended tlement of your actual or potential liability for a fine or pen- ! as general guidelines to help you establish your alty (civil or criminal). Fines or penalties include amounts CAUTION winnings and losses. They aren't all-inclusive. paid such as parking tickets, tax penalties, and penalties Your tax liability depends on your particular facts and cir- deducted from teachers' paychecks after an illegal strike. cumstances. No deduction is allowed for the restitution amount or Keno. Copies of the keno tickets you purchased that amount paid to come into compliance with the law unless were validated by the gambling establishment, copies of the amounts are specifically identified in the settlement your casino credit records, and copies of your casino agreement or court order. Also, any amount paid or incur- check-cashing records. red as reimbursement to the government for the costs of any investigation or litigation are nondeductible. Slot machines. A record of the machine number and all winnings by date and time the machine was played. Gambling Losses Up to the Amount of Table games (twenty-one (blackjack), craps, Gambling Winnings poker, baccarat, roulette, wheel of fortune, etc.). The number of the table at which you were playing. Casino You must report the full amount of your gambling winnings credit card data indicating whether the credit was issued for the year on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). in the pit or at the cashier's cage. You deduct your gambling losses for the year on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). Gambling losses in- Bingo. A record of the number of games played, cost clude the actual cost of wagers plus expenses incurred in of tickets purchased, and amounts collected on winning connection with the conduct of the gambling activity, such tickets. Supplemental records include any receipts from as travel to and from a casino. You can't deduct gambling the casino, parlor, etc. losses that are more than your winnings. Generally, non- Racing (horse, harness, dog, etc.). A record of the resident aliens can't deduct gambling losses on your races, amounts of wagers, amounts collected on winning Schedule A (Form 1040-NR). tickets, and amounts lost on losing tickets. Supplemental You can't reduce your gambling winnings by your records include unredeemed tickets and payment records ! gambling losses and report the difference. You from the racetrack. CAUTION must report the full amount of your winnings as in- come and claim your losses (up to the amount of win- Lotteries. A record of ticket purchases, dates, win- nings) as an itemized deduction. Therefore, your records nings, and losses. Supplemental records include unre- should show your winnings separately from your losses. deemed tickets, payment slips, and winnings statements. Page 10 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 11 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. Home Office against your tax. See Repayments in Pub. 525 for more information. If you use a part of your home regularly and exclusively for business purposes, you may be able to deduct a part of Unlawful Discrimination Claims the operating expenses and depreciation of your home. You may be able to deduct, as an adjustment to income You can claim this deduction for the business use of a on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), or Form part of your home only if you use that part of your home 1040-NR, attorney fees and court costs for actions settled regularly and exclusively: or decided after October 22, 2004, involving a claim of un- • As your principal place of business for any trade or lawful discrimination, a claim against the U.S. Govern- business; ment, or a claim made under section 1862(b)(3)(A) of the Social Security Act. However, the amount you can deduct • As a place to meet or deal with your patients, clients, on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), or Form or customers in the normal course of your trade or 1040-NR, is limited to the amount of the judgment or set- business; or tlement you are including in income for the tax year. See • In the case of a separate structure not attached to Pub. 525 for more information. your home, in connection with your trade or business. Unrecovered Investment in Annuity The regular and exclusive business use must be for the convenience of your employer and not just appropriate A retiree who contributed to the cost of an annuity can ex- and helpful in your job. clude from income a part of each payment received as a tax-free return of the retiree's investment. If the retiree Principal place of business. If you have more than one dies before the entire investment is recovered tax free, place of business, the business part of your home is your any unrecovered investment can be deducted on the retir- principal place of business if: ee's final income tax return. See Pub. 575, Pension and • You use it regularly and exclusively for administrative Annuity Income, for more information about the tax treat- or management activities of your trade or business, ment of pensions and annuities. and • You have no other fixed location where you conduct substantial administrative or management activities of How To Report your trade or business. Claim most deductions as an itemized deduction on your Otherwise, the location of your principal place of busi- Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), or Form 1040-NR ness generally depends on the relative importance of the (Schedule A). However, see Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or activities performed at each location and the time spent at 1040-SR), later. each location. You should keep records that will give the infor- Reporting employee business expenses. As descri- mation needed to figure the deduction according bed earlier in Unreimbursed Employee Expenses, there RECORDS to these rules. Also keep canceled checks, sub- are four categories of employees who can claim deduc- stitute checks, or account statements and receipts of the tions for unreimbursed employee expenses. expenses paid to prove the deductions you claim. Employees in the following categories can claim their unreimbursed employee expenses. More information. See Pub. 587 for more detailed infor- • Armed Forces reservists. mation and a worksheet for figuring the deduction. • Qualified performing artists. Losses From Ponzi-Type Investment • Fee-basis state or local government officials. Schemes • Employees with impairment-related work expenses. These losses are deductible as theft losses of in- Generally, nonresident aliens who fall into one of come-producing property on your tax return for the year ! the qualified categories of employment are al- the loss was discovered. You figure the deductible loss in CAUTION lowed deductions to the extent they are directly Section B of Form 4684. See the Form 4684 instructions related to income which is effectively connected with the and Pub. 547, Casualties, Disasters, and Thefts, for more conduct of a trade or business within the United States. information. Form 2106. If you have deductible employee business Repayments Under Claim of Right expenses, you must usually file Form 2106. You must file Form 2106 if any of the following applies If you had to repay more than $3,000 that you included in to you. your income in an earlier year because at the time you 1. You are a qualified performing artist claiming perform- thought you had an unrestricted right to it, you may be ing-artist-related expenses. able to deduct the amount you repaid, or take a credit Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 11 |
Page 12 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. 2. You are a fee-basis state or local government official Unlawful discrimination claims. You can deduct cer- claiming expenses in performing that job. tain attorney fees and court costs for unlawful discrimina- tion claims, described earlier, on your Schedule 1 (Form 3. You are an individual with a disability and are claiming 1040 or 1040-SR); or Form 1040-NR. impairment-related work expenses. See Employees with impairment-related work expenses, later. Example 4. You have travel expenses as a member of the Armed Forces reserves that you can deduct as an adjust- Debra Smith is an army reservist stationed 110 miles from ment to gross income. her home. She makes this trip once each month. In addi- tion to her travel expenses, she pays for her own uniforms 5. You are claiming job-related vehicle, travel, transpor- and for the cost of cleaning those uniforms. tation, or non-entertainment meal expenses. See the Instructions for Form 2106 for more information. In addition to her employee business expenses as an army reservist, she has gambling losses from her trips to Depreciation. Use Form 4562, to claim the depreciation the casino and race track. She has gambling winnings of deduction for a computer you placed in service after 2018. $5,400 and gambling losses of $5,700. Complete Form 4562, if you are claiming a section 179 deduction. Debra completes Form 2106. She enters her transpor- Don't use Form 4562 to claim the depreciation deduc- tation expenses of $500 as a reservist and she enters the tion for a computer you placed in service before 2019 and amount of her expenses for the purchase of uniforms and used only in your home office, unless you are otherwise their cleaning, $250. She then completes the form, enter- required to file Form 4562. Instead, report the deprecia- ing the $750 as her total expenses. Only the transporta- tion directly on the appropriate form. tion expenses for travel as a reservist are deductible as an adjustment on her Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). Employees with impairment-related work expenses. The $250 is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and is Most of the categories of employees who are able to claim not deductible. deductions for unreimbursed employees report these de- Debra claims her gambling losses that don’t exceed ductions as an adjustment to income on Schedule 1 her gambling winnings as an itemized deduction. Debra (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), discussed next. However, em- enters her allowable loss ($5,400) on her Schedule A ployees with impairment-related work expenses on Form (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). 2106 report these expenses on Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). Enter impairment-related work expenses on Form 2106. Enter on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR); How To Get Tax Help or your Schedule A (Form 1040-NR), that part of the amount on Form 2106, that is related to your impairment. If you have questions about a tax issue, need help prepar- Those employment-related expenses not related to your ing your tax return, or want to download free publications, impairment are a miscellaneous itemized deduction and forms, or instructions, go to IRS.gov and find resources are no longer deductible. that can help you right away. If you are self-employed, enter your impairment-related work expenses on the appropriate Form (Schedule C, E, Tax reform. Major tax reform legislation impacting indi- or F) used to report your business income and expenses. viduals, businesses, and tax-exempt entities was ap- proved by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on De- Example. You are blind. You must use a reader to do cember 22, 2017. Go to IRS.gov/TaxReform for your work. You use the reader both during your regular information and updates on how this legislation affects working hours at your place of work and outside your reg- your taxes. ular working hours away from your place of work. The reader's services are only for your work. You can deduct Preparing and filing your tax return. Find free options your expenses for the reader as impairment-related work to prepare and file your return on IRS.gov or in your local expenses. community if you qualify. The Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program offers free tax help to people who generally make $55,000 Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR) or less, persons with disabilities, and limited-Eng- Most deductible employee business expenses on Form lish-speaking taxpayers who need help preparing their 2106 are reported as an adjustment to income on your own tax returns. The Tax Counseling for the Elderly (TCE) Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR); or Form 1040-NR. program offers free tax help for all taxpayers, particularly However, certain other expenses are deducted on Sched- those who are 60 years of age and older. TCE volunteers ule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). specialize in answering questions about pensions and re- tirement-related issues unique to seniors. Educator expenses. Certain qualified expenses of eligi- ble educators can be deducted on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR); or Form 1040-NR. Page 12 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 13 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. You can go to IRS.gov to see your options for preparing Delayed refund for returns claiming certain credits. and filing your return which include the following. The IRS can’t issue refunds before mid-February 2019 for returns that claimed the earned income credit (EIC) or the • Free File. Go to IRS.gov/FreeFile to see if you qualify additional child tax credit (ACTC). This applies to the en- to use brand-name software to prepare and e-file your tire refund, not just the portion associated with these cred- federal tax return for free. its. • VITA. Go to IRS.gov/VITA, download the free IRS2Go app, or call 800-906-9887 to find the nearest VITA lo- Getting a transcript or copy of a return. The quickest cation for free tax return preparation. way to get a copy of your tax transcript is to go to IRS.gov/ Transcripts. Click on either "Get Transcript Online" or "Get • TCE. Go to IRS.gov/TCE, download the free IRS2Go Transcript by Mail" to order a copy of your transcript. If app, or call 888-227-7669 to find the nearest TCE lo- you prefer, you can: cation for free tax return preparation. • Order your transcript by calling 800-908-9946, or Getting answers to your tax questions. On IRS.gov, get answers to your tax questions any- • Mail Form 4506-T or Form 4506T-EZ (both available time, anywhere. on IRS.gov). • Go to IRS.gov/Help for a variety of tools that will help Using online tools to help prepare your return. Go to you get answers to some of the most common tax IRS.gov/Tools for the following. questions. • The Earned Income Tax Credit Assistant IRS.gov/ ( • Go to IRS.gov/ITA for the Interactive Tax Assistant, a EITCAssistant) determines if you’re eligible for the tool that will ask you questions on a number of tax law EIC. topics and provide answers. You can print the entire interview and the final response for your records. • The Online EIN Application IRS.gov/EIN ( ) helps you get an employer identification number. • Go to IRS.gov/Pub17 to get Pub. 17, Your Federal In- come Tax for Individuals, which features details on • The IRS Withholding Calculator IRS.gov/W4App ( ) es- tax-saving opportunities, 2019 tax changes, and thou- timates the amount you should have withheld from sands of interactive links to help you find answers to your paycheck for federal income tax purposes and your questions. View it online in HTML, as a PDF, or can help you perform a “paycheck checkup.” download it to your mobile device as an eBook. • The First Time Homebuyer Credit Account Look-up • You may also be able to access tax law information in (IRS.gov/HomeBuyer) tool provides information on your electronic filing software. your repayments and account balance. • The Sales Tax Deduction Calculator IRS.gov/ ( SalesTax) figures the amount you can claim if you Getting tax forms and publications. Go to IRS.gov/ itemize deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040 or Forms to view, download, or print all of the forms and pub- 1040-SR), choose not to claim state and local income lications you may need. You can also download and view taxes, and you didn’t save your receipts showing the popular tax publications and instructions (including the sales tax you paid. 1040 instructions) on mobile devices as an eBook at no charge. Or you can go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to place an Resolving tax-related identity theft issues. order and have forms mailed to you within 10 business days. • The IRS doesn’t initiate contact with taxpayers by email or telephone to request personal or financial in- Access your online account (individual taxpayers formation. This includes any type of electronic com- only). Go to IRS.gov/Account to securely access infor- munication, such as text messages and social media mation about your federal tax account. channels. • View the amount you owe, pay online, or set up an on- • Go to IRS.gov/IDProtection for information. line payment agreement. • If your SSN has been lost or stolen or you suspect • Access your tax records online. you’re a victim of tax-related identity theft, visit IRS.gov/IdentiityTheft to learn what steps you should • Review the past 24 months of your payment history. take. • Go to IRS.gov/SecureAccess to review the required identity authentication process. Checking on the status of your refund. • Go to IRS.gov/Refunds. Using direct deposit. The fastest way to receive a tax refund is to combine direct deposit and IRS e-file. Direct • The IRS can’t issue refunds before mid-February 2019 deposit securely and electronically transfers your refund for returns that claimed the EIC or the ACTC. This ap- directly into your financial account. Eight in 10 taxpayers plies to the entire refund, not just the portion associ- use direct deposit to receive their refund. The IRS issues ated with these credits. more than 90% of refunds in less than 21 days. • Download the official IRS2Go app to your mobile de- vice to check your refund status. Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 13 |
Page 14 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. • Call the automated refund hotline at 800-829-1954. pointment options. Or, on the IRS2Go app, under the Stay Connected tab, choose the Contact Us option and click on Making a tax payment. The IRS uses the latest encryp- “Local Offices.” tion technology to ensure your electronic payments are safe and secure. You can make electronic payments on- Watching IRS videos. The IRS Video portal line, by phone, and from a mobile device using the (IRSVideos.gov) contains video and audio presentations IRS2Go app. Paying electronically is quick, easy, and for individuals, small businesses, and tax professionals. faster than mailing in a check or money order. Go to IRS.gov/Payments to make a payment using any of the Getting tax information in other languages. For tax- following options. payers whose native language isn’t English, we have the following resources available. Taxpayers can find informa- • IRS Direct Pay: Pay your individual tax bill or estima- tion on IRS.gov in the following languages. ted tax payment directly from your checking or sav- ings account at no cost to you. • Spanish IRS.gov/Spanish ( ). • Debit or credit card: Choose an approved payment • Chinese IRS.gov/Chinese ( ). processor to pay online, by phone, and by mobile de- • Vietnamese IRS.gov/Vietnamese ( ). vice. • Korean IRS.gov/Korean ( ). • Electronic Funds Withdrawal: Offered only when fil- ing your federal taxes using tax return preparation • Russian IRS.gov/Russian ( ). software or through a tax professional. The IRS TACs provide over-the-phone interpreter serv- ice in over 170 languages, and the service is available • Electronic Federal Tax Payment System: Best op- free to taxpayers. tion for businesses. Enrollment is required. • Check or money order: Mail your payment to the ad- The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) dress listed on the notice or instructions. Is Here To Help You • Cash: You may be able to pay your taxes with cash at a participating retail store. What is TAS? What if I can’t pay now? Go to IRS.gov/Payments for TAS is an independent organization within the IRS that more information about your options. helps taxpayers and protects taxpayer rights. Their job is to ensure that every taxpayer is treated fairly and that you • Apply for an online payment agreement IRS.gov/ ( know and understand your rights under the Taxpayer Bill OPA) to meet your tax obligation in monthly install- of Rights. ments if you can’t pay your taxes in full today. Once you complete the online process, you will receive im- mediate notification of whether your agreement has How Can You Learn About Your Taxpayer been approved. Rights? • Use the Offer in Compromise Pre-Qualifier IRS.gov/ ( The Taxpayer Bill of Rights describes 10 basic rights that OIC) to see if you can settle your tax debt for less than all taxpayers have when dealing with the IRS. Go to the full amount you owe. TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov to help you understand what these rights mean to you and how they apply. These are Checking the status of an amended return. Go to your rights. Know them. Use them. IRS.gov/WMAR to track the status of Form 1040X amen- ded returns. Please note that it can take up to 3 weeks What Can TAS Do For You? from the date you mailed your amended return for it to show up in our system and processing it can take up to 16 TAS can help you resolve problems that you can’t resolve weeks. with the IRS. And their service is free. If you qualify for their assistance, you will be assigned to one advocate Understanding an IRS notice or letter. Go to IRS.gov/ who will work with you throughout the process and will do Notices to find additional information about responding to everything possible to resolve your issue. TAS can help an IRS notice or letter. you if: Contacting your local IRS office. Keep in mind, many • Your problem is causing financial difficulty for you, questions can be answered on IRS.gov without visiting an your family, or your business; IRS Tax Assistance Center (TAC). Go to IRS.gov/ LetUsHelp for the topics people ask about most. If you still • You face (or your business is facing) an immediate need help, IRS TACs provide tax help when a tax issue threat of adverse action; or can’t be handled online or by phone. All TACs now pro- • You’ve tried repeatedly to contact the IRS but no one vide service by appointment so you’ll know in advance has responded, or the IRS hasn’t responded by the that you can get the service you need without long wait date promised. times. Before you visit, go to IRS.gov/TACLocator to find the nearest TAC, check hours, available services, and ap- Page 14 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 15 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. How Can You Reach TAS? IRS Form 1040. Go to TaxChanges.us for more informa- tion. TAS has offices in every state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Your local advocate’s number is in your Low Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs) local directory and at TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/ Contact-Us. You can also call them at 877-777-4778. LITCs are independent from the IRS. LITCs represent in- dividuals whose income is below a certain level and need How Else Does TAS Help Taxpayers? to resolve tax problems with the IRS, such as audits, ap- peals, and tax collection disputes. In addition, clinics can TAS works to resolve large-scale problems that affect provide information about taxpayer rights and responsibili- many taxpayers. If you know of one of these broad issues, ties in different languages for individuals who speak Eng- please report it to them at IRS.gov/SAMS. lish as a second language. Services are offered for free or a small fee. To find a clinic near you, visit TAS also has a website, Tax Reform Changes, which TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/LITCmap or see IRS Pub. shows you how the new tax law may change your future 4134, Low Income Taxpayer Clinic List. tax filings and helps you plan for these changes. The in- formation is categorized by tax topic in the order of the Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 15 |
Page 16 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. To help us develop a more useful index, please let us know if you have ideas for index entries. Index See “Comments and Suggestions” in the “Introduction” for the ways you can reach us. Capital 6 Commuting 7 A Educator 3 K Activities not for profit 4 Qualified 3 Kickbacks 6 Adjustments to gross income: Educator Expenses 3 Armed forces reservists' travel Funeral and burial 6 expenses 2 Health spa 7 Performing artists 3 Hobby 4 L State or local government officials paid on Home office 11 Legal expenses: fee basis 3 Impairment-related 3 Personal 8 Unlawful discrimination claims 11 Investment 5 7, Political campaigns 6 Administrative fees: Meals 8 Production of income 5 IRA trustees 5 Professional promotion 8 Unlawful discrimination claims 5 Adoption expenses 6 Tax-exempt income 8 Life insurance 7 Amortizable bond premium 9 Lobbying 7 8, Appraisal fees 4 Losses: Armed forces: Casualties and thefts 4 9, Reservists, travel expenses 2 F Deposits 5 Assistance (See Tax help) Federal estate tax 10 Gambling 10 Fees: IRA 5 Appraisal 4 Mislaid cash or property 8 Check-writing 6 Roth IRA 5 B Investment 4 5, Bank accounts: IRA trustee 5 Check-writing fees 6 Professional accreditation 8 Losses on deposits 5 Fines 10 M Bonds: Fines or penalties: Meal and lodging expenses: Amortizable premium 9 Deductible 10 Lunches with coworkers 8 Bribes 6 Nondeductible 7 Working late 8 Burial expenses 6 Form 2106: Missing children, photographs of 1 Employee business expenses 11 Mutual funds: Form 4562: Indirect deductions 5 Depreciation and amortization 12 C Funeral expenses 6 Campaign contributions 8 Campaign expenses 6 N Capital expenditures 6 Nondeductible expenses 9 Casualty losses 4 9, G Not-for-profit activities 4 Check-writing fees 6 Gambling winnings and losses 10 Claim of right repayments 11 Government employees: Clerical help, deductibility of 4 State or local government officials paid on O Club dues 6 fee basis 3 Office: Commissions 6 Rent 4 Commuting expenses 7 Computers: Depreciation 4 H Convenience fees 4 Health spa 7 P Hobbies 4 Partnerships: Home: Indirect deductions 5 Security system 7 D Telephone service 8 Pass-through entities 5 Deposits: Home office: Penalties 10 Losses on 5 Expenses 11 Performing artists 3 Depreciation: Principal place of business 11 Work clothes 3 Computers 4 Personal expenses 9 Disabilities, persons with: Political contributions 8 Work-related expenses 3 Campaign expenses 6 Dividends: I Ponzi-type investment schemes 11 Fees to collect 4 Identity theft 13 Production of income expenses 5 Service charges on reinvestment plans 5 Impairment-related work expenses 3 Professional accreditation fees 8 Dues: Income in respect of decedent: Professional reputation and marketing 8 Club 6 Estate tax 10 Publications (See Tax help) Lobbying 7 Individual retirement arrangements (IRAs): Trustees' fees 5 R Insurance: E Life insurance 7 Recordkeeping requirements: Educator Expenses 3 12, Personal disability 6 Deductions, to verify 2 Employee business expenses: Interest income: Gambling winnings and losses 10 Form 2106 11 Fees to collect 4 Home office 11 Performing artists 3 Investments: Relief fund contributions 8 Entertainers and Annuity, unrecovered investment in 11 Rent: musicians (See Performing artists) Deposits, losses on 5 Office 4 Estates: Fees and expenses 5 Safe deposit box 5 Federal estate tax 10 Seminars 7 Repayments: Expenses: Itemized deductions 9 Claim of right 11 Adoption 6 How to report 11 Income 5 Campaign 6 Social Security benefits 5 Page 16 Publication 529 (December 2019) |
Page 17 of 17 Fileid: … tions/P529/2019/A/XML/Cycle04/source 13:56 - 15-Oct-2019 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. Reporting requirements: Stockholders' meeting expenses 8 Depreciation 12 Form 2106 11 U Impairment-related work expenses 3 Unemployment benefit fund Itemized deductions 11 T contributions 9 Taxes: Unlawful discrimination claims 11 12, Estate tax 10 Tax-exempt income expenses 8 S Tax help 12 Safe deposit box 5 Telephones: W S corporations: Residential service 8 Wagering winnings and losses 10 Indirect deductions 5 Theft losses 4 9, Work: Security systems, home 7 Travel and transportation expenses: Impairment-related expenses 3 Seminars, investment-related 7 Another individual, paid by taxpayer 8 Wristwatches 6 9, Service charges on dividend Armed forces reservists 2 reinvestment plans 5 Commuting 7 Social Security repayments 5 Trustees: State or local governments: IRA administrative fees 5 Officials paid on fee basis 3 Publication 529 (December 2019) Page 17 |