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            Department of the Treasury                       Contents
            Internal Revenue Service
                                                             Reminders                                   
                                                             Introduction                               
Publication 529
(Rev. December 2019)                                         Deductions for Unreimbursed Employee 
Cat. No. 15056O                                                Expenses                                
                                                               Unreimbursed Employee Expenses                  
                                                             Expenses You Can’t Deduct                         
Miscellaneous                                                  Miscellaneous Deductions Subject to the 2% 
                                                                   AGI Limit                             
                                                               Nondeductible Expenses                          
Deductions
                                                             Expenses You Can Deduct                            
                                                             How To Report                                               11
                                                               Example                                                   12
                                                             How To Get Tax Help                                         12
                                                             Index                                                       16

                                                             Reminders
                                                             Future developments. For the latest information about 
                                                             developments  related  to  Pub.  529,  such  as  legislation 
                                                             enacted after it was published, go to IRS.gov/Pub529.
                                                             Photographs of missing children.      The IRS is a proud 
                                                             partner with the National Center for Missing & Exploited 
                                                             Children® (NCMEC). Photographs of missing children se-
                                                             lected by the Center may appear in this publication on pa-
                                                             ges that would otherwise be blank. You can help bring 
                                                             these children home by looking at the photographs and 
                                                             calling 1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678) if you recog-
                                                             nize a child.

                                                             Introduction
                                                             This publication explains that you can no longer claim any 
                                                             miscellaneous itemized deductions, unless you fall into 
                                                             one of the qualified categories of employment claiming a 
                                                             deduction relating to unreimbursed employee expenses. 
                                                             Miscellaneous itemized deductions are those deductions 
                                                             that would have been subject to the 2% of adjusted gross 
                                                             income limitation. You can still claim certain expenses as 
                                                             itemized  deductions  on  Schedule  A  (Form  1040, 
                                                             1040-SR, or 1040-NR) or as an adjustment to income on 
                                                             Form 1040 or 1040-SR. This publication covers the follow-
                                                             ing topics.
                                                             Deductions for Unreimbursed Employee Expenses.
Get forms and other information faster and easier at:        Expenses you can't deduct.
IRS.gov (English)         IRS.gov/Korean (한국어)             Expenses you can deduct.
IRS.gov/Spanish (Español) IRS.gov/Russian (Pусский)      
IRS.gov/Chinese (中文)      IRS.gov/Vietnamese (TiếngViệt) How to report your deductions.

                                                              Note. Generally, nonresident aliens who fall into one of 
                                                             the qualified categories of employment are allowed de-
                                                             ductions to the extent they are directly related to income 

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which is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade                             income limitation, including unreimbursed employee ex-
or business within the United States.                                                  penses. However, you may be able to deduct certain un-
                                                                                       reimbursed employee business expenses if you fall into 
        You must keep records to verify your deductions. 
                                                                                       one of the following categories of employment listed un-
        You should keep receipts, canceled checks, sub-
RECORDS stitute checks, financial account statements, and                              der Unreimbursed Employee Expenses next, or are an eli-
                                                                                       gible educator as defined under Educator Expenses, later.
other documentary evidence.

Comments and suggestions.       We welcome your com-                                   Unreimbursed Employee Expenses
ments about this publication and your suggestions for fu-
ture editions.                                                                         You can no longer claim a deduction for unreimbursed 
You  can  send  us  comments  through                                         IRS.gov/ employee expenses unless you fall into one of the follow-
FormComments. Or you can write to:                                                     ing categories of employment, or have certain qualified 
                                                                                       educator expenses.
Internal Revenue Service                                                                 Armed Forces reservists.
Tax Forms and Publications
1111 Constitution Ave. NW, IR-6526                                                       Qualified performing artists.
Washington, DC 20224                                                                     Fee-basis state or local government officials.
Although we can’t respond individually to each com-                                      Employees with impairment-related work expenses.
ment received, we do appreciate your feedback and will                                 Unreimbursed  employee  expenses  for  individuals  in 
consider your comments as we revise our tax forms, in-                                 these categories of employment are deducted as adjust-
structions, and publications.                                                          ments to gross income. Qualified employees listed in one 
Ordering  forms  and  publications.         Visit                             IRS.gov/ of the categories above must complete Form 2106 to take 
FormsPubs to download forms and publications. Other-                                   the deduction. Certain qualified educator expenses are 
wise, you can go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to order current                                also deducted as an adjustment to gross income but you 
and prior-year forms and instructions. Your order should                               are not required to complete Form 2106.
arrive within 10 business days.                                                        You can deduct only unreimbursed employee expen-
Tax questions.      If you have a tax question not an-                                 ses that are:
swered by this publication, check IRS.gov and                                 How To     Paid or incurred during your tax year,
Get Tax Help at the end of this publication.
                                                                                         For carrying on your trade or business of being an em-
                                                                                           ployee, and
Useful Items
You may want to see:                                                                     Ordinary and necessary.
                                                                                       An expense is ordinary if it is common and accepted in 
Publication
                                                                                       your trade, business, or profession. An expense is neces-
  463   463 Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses                                             sary if it is appropriate and helpful to your business. An 
  525   525 Taxable and Nontaxable Income                                              expense doesn't have to be required to be considered 
                                                                                       necessary.
  535   535 Business Expenses
  587   587 Business Use of Your Home (Including Use by                                Categories of Employment
        Daycare Providers)
                                                                                       You can deduct unreimbursed employee expenses only if 
  946   946 How To Depreciate Property                                                 you qualify as an Armed Forces reservist, qualified per-
                                                                                       forming artist, fee-basis state or local government official, 
Form (and Instructions)                                                                and employee with impairment-related work expenses.
  Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR)         Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR) Itemized 
        Deductions                                                                     Armed Forces reservist (member of a reserve com-
                                                                                       ponent). You are a member of a reserve component of 
  2106      2106 Employee Business Expenses                                            the Armed Forces of the United States if you are in the 
See How To Get Tax Help at the end of this publication for                             Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or Coast Guard Re-
information about getting these publications and forms.                                serve; the Army National Guard of the United States; or 
                                                                                       the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service.
                                                                                       Armed Forces reservists traveling more than 100 
Deductions for Unreimbursed                                                            miles from home.  If you are a member of a reserve com-
                                                                                       ponent of the Armed Forces of the United States and you 
Employee Expenses                                                                      travel more than 100 miles away from home in connection 
                                                                                       with your performance of services as a member of the re-
You can no longer claim any miscellaneous itemized de-                                 serves, you can deduct some of your travel expenses as 
ductions that are subject to the 2% of adjusted gross                                  an adjustment to gross income. The amount of expenses 

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you can deduct as an adjustment to gross income is limi-      adjustment to gross income on your Schedule 1 (Form 
ted to the regular federal per diem rate (for lodging, meals, 1040 or 1040-SR), rather than as a miscellaneous item-
and incidental expenses) and the standard mileage rate        ized deduction. See the Instructions for Forms 1040 and 
(for car expenses) plus any parking fees, ferry fees, and     1040-SR for more information.
tolls. The balance, if any, is reported on Schedule A.
For  more  information  on  travel  expenses,  see  Pub.      Eligible educator. An eligible educator is a kindergarten 
463.                                                          through grade 12 teacher, instructor, counselor, principal, 
                                                              or aide in school for at least 900 hours during a school 
Qualified  performing  artist. You  are  a  qualified  per-   year.
forming artist if you:
                                                              Qualified  expenses. Qualified  expenses  include  ordi-
1. Performed services in the performing arts as an em-        nary and necessary expenses paid in connection with 
ployee for at least two employers during the tax year,        books, supplies, equipment (including computer equip-
2. Received from at least two of the employers wages of       ment, software, and services), and other materials used in 
$200 or more per employer,                                    the classroom. An ordinary expense is one that is com-
                                                              mon and accepted in your educational field. A necessary 
3. Had allowable business expenses attributable to the        expense is one that is helpful and appropriate for your 
performing arts of more than 10% of gross income              profession as an educator. An expense doesn’t have to be 
from the performing arts, and                                 required to be considered necessary.
4. Had adjusted gross income of $16,000 or less before        Qualified expenses also include those expenses you 
deducting expenses as a performing artist.                    incur while participating in professional development cour-
                                                              ses related to the curriculum in which you provide instruc-
If you are a qualified performing artist, you can deduct      tion. It also includes those expenses related to those stu-
your employee business expenses as an adjustment to in-       dents for whom you provide that instruction.
come rather than as a miscellaneous itemized deduction.       Qualified expenses don’t include expenses for home 
For example, musicians and entertainers can deduct the        schooling or for nonathletic supplies for courses in health 
cost of theatrical clothing and accessories that aren't suit- or physical education. You must reduce your qualified ex-
able for everyday wear. If you are an employee, complete      penses by the following amounts.
Form 2106. See Pub. 463 for more information.
                                                              Excludable U.S. series EE and I savings bond interest 
Fee-basis state or local government official.  You are          from Form 8815.
a qualifying fee-basis official if you are employed by a      Nontaxable qualified state tuition program earnings.
state or political subdivision of a state and are compensa-
ted, in whole or in part, on a fee basis.                     Nontaxable earnings from Coverdell education sav-
If you are a fee-basis official, you can claim your expen-      ings accounts.
ses in performing services in that job as an adjustment to    Any reimbursements you received for those expenses 
income rather than as a miscellaneous itemized deduc-           that weren’t reported to you on your Form W-2, box 1.
tion. See Pub. 463 for more information.

Employee with impairment-related work expenses. 
Impairment-related work expenses are the allowable ex-        Expenses You Can’t Deduct
penses of an individual with physical or mental disabilities 
for attendant care at his or her place of employment. They    In addition to the expenses that are no longer deductible 
also include other expenses in connection with the place      as a miscellaneous itemized deduction, there are expen-
of employment that enable the employee to work. See           ses that are traditionally nondeductible under the Internal 
Pub. 463 for more details.                                    Revenue  Code.  Both  categories  of  deduction  are  dis-
If you have a physical or mental disability that limits       cussed next.
your being employed, or substantially limits one or more of 
your  major  life  activities,  such  as  performing  manual  Miscellaneous Deductions Subject to 
tasks, walking, speaking, breathing, learning, and work-      the 2% AGI Limit
ing, you can deduct your impairment-related work expen-
ses.                                                          Unless you qualify for an exception, discussed later, you 
Impairment-related  work  expenses  are  ordinary  and        generally can't deduct the following expenses, even if you 
necessary business expenses for attendant care services       fall into one of the qualified categories of employment lis-
at your place of work and other expenses in connection        ted earlier.
with your place of work that are necessary for you to be 
able to work.                                                 Appraisal fees for a casualty loss or charitable contri-
                                                                bution.
Educator Expenses                                             Casualty and theft losses from property used in per-
                                                                forming services as an employee.
If you were an eligible educator for the tax year, you may 
be  able  to  deduct  qualified  expenses  you  paid  as  an  Clerical help and office rent in caring for investments.

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Credit or debit card convenience fees.                      Depreciation on Home Computer
Depreciation on home computers used for invest-
                                                              If you use your home computer to produce income (for ex-
  ments.
                                                              ample, to manage your investments that produce taxable 
Excess deductions (including administrative expen-          income), the depreciation of the computer for that part of 
  ses) allowed a beneficiary on termination of an estate      the usage of the computer is a miscellaneous itemized de-
  or trust.                                                   duction and is no longer deductible.
Fees to collect interest and dividends.
                                                              Excess Deductions of an Estate
Hobby expenses, but generally not more than hobby 
  income.                                                     An excess deduction resulting from an estate's total de-
Indirect miscellaneous deductions from pass-through         ductions being greater than its gross income, in the previ-
  entities.                                                   ous tax year, is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and 
                                                              beneficiaries can no longer deduct it.
Investment fees and expenses.
Legal fees related to producing or collecting taxable       Fees To Collect Interest and Dividends
  income or getting tax advice.
                                                              Fees you pay to a broker, bank, trustee, or similar agent to 
Loss on deposits in an insolvent or bankrupt financial      collect your taxable bond interest or dividends on shares 
  institution.                                                of stock are miscellaneous itemized deductions and can 
Loss on traditional IRAs or Roth IRAs, when all             no longer be deducted.
  amounts have been distributed to you.
Repayments of income.                                       Fines or Penalties

Repayments of social security benefits.                     No deduction is allowed for fines and penalties paid to a 
                                                              government or specified nongovernmental entity for the vi-
Safe deposit box rental, except for storing jewelry and 
                                                              olation of any law except in the following situations.
  other personal effects.
Service charges on dividend reinvestment plans.             Certain amounts that constitute restitution.
Tax advice fees.                                            Certain amounts paid to come into compliance with 
                                                                the law.
Trustee's fees for your IRA, if separately billed and 
  paid.                                                       Amounts paid or incurred as the result of certain court 
                                                                orders in which no government or specified nongo-
                                                                vernmental agency is a party.
Appraisal Fees
                                                              Amounts paid or incurred for taxes due.
Appraisal fees you pay to figure a casualty loss or the fair 
market value of donated property are miscellaneous item-      Nondeductible amounts include an amount paid in set-
ized deductions and can no longer be deducted.                tlement of your actual or potential liability for a fine or pen-
                                                              alty (civil or criminal). Fines or penalties include amounts 
Casualty and Theft Losses                                     paid such as parking tickets, tax penalties, and penalties 
                                                              deducted from teachers' paychecks after an illegal strike. 
Damaged or stolen property used in performing services        No  deduction  is  allowed  for  the  restitution  amount  or 
as an employee is a miscellaneous deduction and can no        amount paid to come into compliance with the law unless 
longer be deducted. For more information on casualty and      the amounts are specifically identified in the settlement 
theft  losses,  see  Pub.  547,  Casualties,  Disasters,  and agreement or court order. Also, any amount paid or incur-
Thefts.                                                       red as reimbursement to the government for the costs of 
                                                              any investigation or litigation are nondeductible.
Clerical Help and Office Rent
                                                              Hobby Expenses
Office expenses, such as rent and clerical help, you pay in 
connection with your investments and collecting taxable       A hobby isn’t a business because it isn’t carried on to 
income on those investments are miscellaneous itemized        make a profit. If you receive income for an activity that you 
deductions and are no longer deductible.                      don’t carry out to make a profit, the expenses you pay for 
                                                              the activity are miscellaneous itemized deductions and 
Credit or Debit Card Convenience Fees                         can no longer be deducted. See Not-for-Profit Activities in 
                                                              chapter 1 of Pub. 535. You must still report the income 
The convenience fee charged by the card processor for         you receive on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR).
paying  your  income  tax  (including  estimated  tax  pay-
ments) by credit or debit card is a miscellaneous itemized 
deduction and is no longer deductible.

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Indirect Deductions of Pass-Through                           Loss on IRA
Entities
                                                              A loss on your traditional IRA (or Roth IRA) investment is 
Pass-through  entities  include  partnerships,  S  corpora-   a miscellaneous itemized deduction and can no longer be 
tions, and mutual funds that aren't publicly offered. De-     deducted.
ductions of pass-through entities are passed through to 
the partners or shareholders. The partner’s or sharehold-     Repayments of Income
er’s share of passed-through deductions for investment 
expenses are miscellaneous itemized deductions and can        Generally, repayments of amounts that you included in in-
no longer be deducted.                                        come in an earlier year is a miscellaneous itemized de-
                                                              duction and can no longer be deducted. If you had to re-
Nonpublicly offered mutual funds.      These funds will       pay more than $3,000 that you included in your income in 
send you a Form 1099-DIV, or a substitute form, showing       an earlier year, you may be able to deduct the amount. 
your share of gross income and investment expenses.           See Repayments Under Claim of Right, later.
The investment expenses reported on Form 1099-DIV are 
a miscellaneous itemized deduction and are no longer de-
                                                              Repayments of Social Security Benefits
ductible.
                                                              If the total amount shown in box 5 of all of your Forms 
Investment Fees and Expenses                                  SSA-1099 and RRB-1099 is a negative figure, you may be 
                                                              able to deduct part of this negative figure if the figure is 
Investment fees, custodial fees, trust administration fees,   more than $3,000. If the figure is less than $3,000, it is a 
and other expenses you paid for managing your invest-         miscellaneous itemized deduction and can no longer be 
ments  that  produce  taxable  income  are  miscellaneous     deducted. See Pub. 915, Social Security and Equivalent 
itemized deductions and are no longer deductible.             Railroad Retirement Benefits, for additional information.

Legal Expenses                                                Safe Deposit Box Rent

Legal expenses that you incur in attempting to produce or     Rent you pay for a safe deposit box you use to store taxa-
collect taxable income or that you pay in connection with     ble income-producing stocks, bonds, or investment rela-
the determination, collection, or refund of any tax are mis-  ted papers is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and can 
cellaneous itemized deductions and are no longer deduc-       no longer be deducted.
tible.
      You can deduct legal expenses that are related to       You can't deduct the rent if you use the box only for 
TIP   doing or keeping your job, such as those you paid       jewelry, other personal items, or tax-exempt securities.
      to defend yourself against criminal charges aris-
ing out of your trade or business.                            Service Charges on Dividend
                                                              Reinvestment Plans
You can deduct expenses of resolving tax issues relat-
                                                              Service charges you pay as a subscriber in a dividend re-
ing to profit or loss from business (Schedule C), rentals or 
                                                              investment plan are a miscellaneous itemized deduction 
royalties  (Schedule  E),  or  farm  income  and  expenses 
                                                              and can no longer be deducted. These service charges 
(Schedule F) on the appropriate schedule. Expenses for 
                                                              include payments for:
resolving nonbusiness tax issues are miscellaneous item-
ized deductions and are no longer deductible.                 Holding shares acquired through a plan,
                                                              Collecting and reinvesting cash dividends, and
Loss on Deposits
                                                              Keeping individual records and providing detailed 
A loss on deposits can occur when a bank, credit union, or      statements of accounts.
other financial institution becomes insolvent or bankrupt. If 
you can reasonably estimate the amount of your loss on        Tax Preparation Fees
money you have on deposit in a financial institution that 
becomes insolvent or bankrupt, you can generally choose       Tax preparation fees on the return for the year in which 
to deduct it in the current year even though its exact        you pay them are a miscellaneous itemized deduction and 
amount hasn't been finally determined.                        can no longer be deducted. These fees include the cost of 
                                                              tax preparation software programs and tax publications. 
If none of the deposit is federally insured, you could de-    They also include any fee you paid for electronic filing of 
duct the loss as a nonbusiness bad debt. Report it on your    your return.
Schedule D (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). You can no longer 
deduct the loss as an ordinary loss or as a casualty loss     Trustee's Administrative Fees for IRA
on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR).
                                                              Trustee's administrative fees that are billed separately and 
                                                              paid  by  you  in  connection  with  your  IRA  are  a 

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miscellaneous itemized deduction and can no longer be     Tax-exempt income, expenses of earning or collect-
deducted.                                                   ing.
                                                          The value of wages never received or lost vacation 
Nondeductible Expenses                                      time.
In addition to the miscellaneous itemized deductions dis- Travel expenses for another individual.
cussed earlier, you can't deduct the following expenses.  Voluntary unemployment benefit fund contributions.
                                                          Wristwatches. 
List of Nondeductible Expenses
Adoption expenses.                                      Adoption Expenses

Broker's commissions.                                   You can't deduct the expenses of adopting a child but you 
Burial or funeral expenses, including the cost of a     may be able to take a credit for those expenses. For de-
  cemetery lot.                                           tails, see Form 8839, Qualified Adoption Expenses.
Campaign expenses.
                                                          Commissions
Capital expenses.
                                                          Commissions paid on the purchase of securities aren't de-
Check-writing fees.                                     ductible, either as business or nonbusiness expenses. In-
Club dues.                                              stead, these fees must be added to the taxpayer's cost of 
                                                          the securities. Commissions paid on the sale are deducti-
Commuting expenses.
                                                          ble as business expenses only by dealers.
Fees and licenses, such as car licenses, marriage li-
  censes, and dog tags.                                   Campaign Expenses
Fines or penalties.
                                                          You can't deduct campaign expenses of a candidate for 
Health spa expenses.                                    any office, even if the candidate is running for reelection to 
Hobby losses—but see Hobby Expenses, earlier.           the office. These include qualification and registration fees 
                                                          for primary elections.
Home repairs, insurance, and rent.
Home security system.                                   Legal fees. You can't deduct legal fees paid to defend 
                                                          charges that arise from participation in a political cam-
Illegal bribes and kickbacks—see Bribes and kick-       paign.
  backs in chapter 11 of Pub. 535. 
Investment-related seminars.                            Capital Expenses

Life insurance premiums paid by the insured.            You can't currently deduct amounts paid to buy property 
Lobbying expenses.                                      that has a useful life substantially beyond the tax year or 
                                                          amounts paid to increase the value or prolong the life of 
Losses from the sale of your home, furniture, personal 
                                                          property. If you use such property in your work, you may 
  car, etc.
                                                          be able to take a depreciation deduction. See Pub. 946. If 
Lost or misplaced cash or property.                     the property is a car used in your work, also see Pub. 463.
Lunches with co-workers.
                                                          Check-Writing Fees on Personal Account
Meals while working late.
Medical expenses as business expenses other than        If you have a personal checking account, you can't deduct 
  medical examinations required by your employer.         fees  charged  by  the  bank  for  the  privilege  of  writing 
                                                          checks, even if the account pays interest.
Personal disability insurance premiums. 
Personal legal expenses.                                Club Dues

Personal, living, or family expenses.                   Generally, you can't deduct the cost of membership in any 
Political contributions.                                club organized for business, pleasure, recreation, or other 
                                                          social purpose. This includes business, social, athletic, 
Professional accreditation fees.
                                                          luncheon, sporting, airline, hotel, golf, and country clubs.
Professional reputation, expenses to improve.
                                                          You can't deduct dues paid to an organization if one of 
Relief fund contributions.                              its main purposes is to:
Residential telephone line.                             Conduct entertainment activities for members or their 
Stockholders' meeting, expenses of attending.             guests, or

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Provide members or their guests with access to enter-         Investment-Related Seminars
  tainment facilities.
                                                                You can't deduct any expenses for attending a conven-
Dues paid to airline, hotel, and luncheon clubs aren't          tion, seminar, or similar meeting for investment purposes.
deductible.
                                                                Life Insurance Premiums

Commuting Expenses                                              You can't deduct premiums you pay on your life insur-
                                                                ance. You may be able to deduct, as alimony, premiums 
You can't deduct commuting expenses (the cost of trans-         you pay on life insurance policies assigned to your former 
portation between your home and your main or regular            spouse. See Pub. 504, Divorced or Separated Individuals, 
place of work). If you fall into one of the qualified catego-   for information on alimony.
ries of employment discussed under        Unreimbursed Em-
ployee Expenses, earlier, and you haul tools, instruments, 
                                                                Lobbying Expenses
or other items in your car to and from work, you can de-
duct only the additional cost of hauling the items, such as     You generally can't deduct amounts paid or incurred for 
the rent on a trailer to carry the items.                       lobbying expenses. These include expenses to:
Fines or Penalties                                              1. Influence legislation;
                                                                2. Participate, or intervene, in any political campaign for, 
No deduction is allowed for fines and penalties paid to a         or against, any candidate for public office;
government or specified nongovernmental entity for the vi-
olation of any law except in the following situations.          3. Attempt to influence the general public, or segments 
                                                                  of the public, about elections, legislative matters, or 
Certain amounts that constitute restitution.
                                                                  referendums; or
Certain amounts paid to come into compliance with 
                                                                4. Communicate directly with covered executive branch 
  the law.
                                                                  officials in any attempt to influence the official actions 
Amounts paid or incurred as the result of certain court         or positions of those officials.
  orders in which no government or specified nongo-
  vernmental agency is a party.                                 Lobbying expenses also include any amounts paid or 
                                                                incurred for research, preparation, planning, or coordina-
Amounts paid or incurred for taxes due.
                                                                tion of any of these activities.
Nondeductible amounts include an amount paid in set-
                                                                Covered executive branch official. A covered execu-
tlement of your actual or potential liability for a fine or pen-
                                                                tive branch official, for the purpose of (4) above, is any of 
alty (civil or criminal). Fines or penalties include amounts 
                                                                the following officials.
paid such as parking tickets, tax penalties, and penalties 
deducted from teachers' paychecks after an illegal strike.      The President.
No deduction is allowed for the restitution amount or           The Vice President.
amount paid to come into compliance with the law unless         Any officer or employee of the White House Office of 
the amounts are specifically identified in the settlement         the Executive Office of the President, and the two 
agreement or court order. Also, any amount paid or incur-         most senior level officers of each of the other agen-
red as reimbursement to the government for the costs of           cies in the Executive Office.
any investigation or litigation are nondeductible.
                                                                Any individual serving in a position in Level I of the Ex-
                                                                  ecutive Schedule under section 5312 of title 5, United 
Health Spa Expenses                                               States Code, any other individual designated by the 
                                                                  President as having Cabinet-level status, and any im-
You can't deduct health spa expenses, even if there is a 
                                                                  mediate deputy of one of these individuals.
job requirement to stay in excellent physical condition, 
such as might be required of a law enforcement officer.         Dues used for lobbying.         If a tax-exempt organization 
                                                                notifies you that part of the dues or other amounts you pay 
Home Security System                                            to the organization are used to pay nondeductible lobby-
                                                                ing expenses, you can't deduct that part.
You can't deduct the cost of a home security system as a 
miscellaneous deduction. However, you may be able to            Exceptions. You can deduct certain lobbying expenses 
claim a deduction for a home security system as a busi-         if they are ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying 
ness expense if you have a home office. See Home Office         on your trade or business.
under Expenses You Can Deduct, later, and Pub. 587.
                                                                You can deduct in-house expenses for influencing 
                                                                  legislation or communicating directly with a covered 
                                                                  executive branch official if the expenses for the tax 

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  year aren't more than $2,000 (not counting overhead        Professional Accreditation Fees
  expenses).
                                                             You can't deduct professional accreditation fees such as 
If you are a professional lobbyist, you can deduct the 
                                                             the following.
  expenses you incur in the trade or business of lobby-
  ing on behalf of another person. Payments by the           Accounting certificate fees paid for the initial right to 
  other person to you for lobbying activities can't be de-     practice accounting.
  ducted.                                                    Bar exam fees and incidental expenses in securing in-
                                                               itial admission to the bar.
Lost or Mislaid Cash or Property
                                                             Medical and dental license fees paid to get initial li-
You can't deduct a loss based on the mere disappearance        censing.
of money or property. However, an accidental loss or dis-
appearance of property can qualify as a casualty if it re-   Professional Reputation
sults from an identifiable event that is sudden, unexpec-
ted, or unusual. See Pub. 547.                               You can't deduct expenses of radio and TV appearances 
                                                             to increase your personal prestige or establish your pro-
Lunches With Co-Workers                                      fessional reputation.

You can't deduct the expenses of lunches with co-work-       Relief Fund Contributions
ers, except while traveling away from home on business. 
See  Pub.  463  for  information  on  deductible  expenses   You can't deduct contributions paid to a private plan that 
while traveling away from home.                              pays benefits to any covered employee who can't work 
                                                             because of any injury or illness not related to the job.
Meals While Working Late
                                                             Residential Telephone Service
You can't deduct the cost of meals while working late. 
However, you may be able to claim a deduction for 50% of     You can't deduct any charge (including taxes) for basic lo-
the cost of the meals if you are traveling away from home.   cal telephone service for the first telephone line to your 
See  Pub.  463  for  information  on  deductible  expenses   residence, even if it is used in a trade or business.
while traveling away from home.
                                                             Stockholders' Meetings
Personal Legal Expenses
                                                             You can't deduct transportation and other expenses you 
You can't deduct personal legal expenses such as those       pay  to  attend  stockholders'  meetings  of  companies  in 
for the following.                                           which you own stock but have no other interest. You can't 
                                                             deduct  these  expenses  even  if  you  are  attending  the 
Custody of children.                                       meeting to get information that would be useful in making 
Breach of promise to marry suit.                           further investments.
Civil or criminal charges resulting from a personal re-
  lationship.                                                Tax-Exempt Income Expenses

Damages for personal injury (except certain whistle-       You  can't  deduct  expenses  to  produce  tax-exempt  in-
  blower claims and unlawful discrimination claims). For     come. You can't deduct interest on a debt incurred or con-
  more information about unlawful discrimination claims,     tinued to buy or carry tax-exempt securities.
  see Expenses You Can’t Deduct, earlier.
                                                             If  you  have  expenses  to  produce  both  taxable  and 
Preparation of a title (or defense or perfection of a ti-  tax-exempt income, but you can't identify the expenses 
  tle).                                                      that produce each type of income, you must divide the ex-
Preparation of a will.                                     penses based on the amount of each type of income to 
                                                             determine the amount that you can deduct.
Property claims or property settlement in a divorce.
You can't deduct these expenses even if a result of the      Travel Expenses for Another Individual

legal proceeding is the loss of income-producing property.   You generally can't deduct travel expenses you pay or in-
                                                             cur for a spouse, dependent, or other individual who ac-
Political Contributions                                      companies you (or your employee) on personal or busi-
                                                             ness  travel  unless  the  spouse,  dependent,  or  other 
You can't deduct contributions made to a political candi-
                                                             individual is an employee of the taxpayer, the travel is for 
date, a campaign committee, or a newsletter fund. Adver-
                                                             a bona fide business purpose, and such expenses would 
tisements in convention bulletins and admissions to din-
                                                             otherwise be deductible by the spouse, dependent, or 
ners or programs that benefit a political party or political 
candidate aren't deductible.

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other individual. See Pub. 463 for more information on de-   Pre-1998 election to amortize bond premium.                 Gener-
ductible travel expenses.                                    ally, if you first elected to amortize bond premium before 
                                                             1998, the above treatment of the premium doesn't apply 
Voluntary Unemployment Benefit Fund                          to bonds you acquired before 1988.
Contributions                                                Bonds acquired after October 22, 1986, and before 
                                                             1988. The amortization of the premium on these bonds is 
You can't deduct voluntary unemployment benefit fund 
                                                             investment interest expense subject to the investment in-
contributions you make to a union fund or a private fund. 
                                                             terest limit, unless you chose to treat it as an offset to in-
However, you can deduct contributions as taxes if state 
                                                             terest income on the bond.
law requires you to make them to a state unemployment 
fund that covers you for the loss of wages from unemploy-    Bonds acquired before October 23, 1986.                     The am-
ment caused by business conditions.                          ortization of the premium on these bonds is deducted as 
                                                             an itemized deduction on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 
Wristwatches                                                 1040-SR).

You can't deduct the cost of a wristwatch, even if there is  Deduction  for  excess  premium.  On  certain  bonds 
a job requirement that you know the correct time to prop-    (such as bonds that pay a variable rate of interest or that 
erly perform your duties.                                    provide for an interest-free period), the amount of bond 
                                                             premium allocable to a period may exceed the amount of 
                                                             stated interest allocable to the period. If this occurs, treat 
                                                             the excess as an itemized deduction on your Schedule A 
Expenses You Can Deduct                                      (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). However, the amount deducti-
                                                             ble is limited to the amount by which your total interest in-
You can deduct the items listed below as itemized deduc-     clusions on the bond in prior periods exceed the total 
tions. Report these items on your Schedule A (Form 1040      amount you treated as a bond premium deduction on the 
or 1040-SR), or your Schedule A (Form 1040-NR).              bond in prior periods.
                                                             If any of the excess bond premium can't be deducted 
List of Deductions                                           because of the limit, this amount is carried forward to the 
                                                             next period and is treated as bond premium allocable to 
Amortizable premium on taxable bonds.                      that period. If there is a bond premium carryforward as of 
Casualty and theft losses from income-producing            the end of the accrual period in which the bond is sold, re-
  property.                                                  tired, or otherwise disposed of, treat the carryforward as 
                                                             an itemized deduction on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 
Federal estate tax on income in respect of a dece-         1040-SR).
  dent.
                                                                     Pre-1998 choice to amortize bond premium. If 
Fines or penalties.                                        !       you made the choice to amortize the premium on 
Gambling losses up to the amount of gambling win-          CAUTION taxable bonds before 1998, you can deduct the 
  nings.                                                     bond premium amortization that is more than your interest 
                                                             income only for bonds acquired during 1998 and later 
Impairment-related work expenses of persons with 
                                                             years.
  disabilities.
Losses from Ponzi-type investment schemes.                 More information. For more information on bond pre-
Repayments of more than $3,000 under a claim of            mium, see Bond Premium Amortization in chapter 3 of 
  right.                                                     Pub. 550.
Unlawful discrimination claims.
                                                             Casualty and Theft Losses of 
Unrecovered investment in an annuity.                      Income-Producing Property
An ordinary loss attributable to a contingent payment 
  debt instrument or an inflation-indexed debt instru-       You can deduct a casualty or theft loss as an itemized de-
  ment (for example, a Treasury Inflation-Protected Se-      duction on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), if 
  curity).                                                   the damaged or stolen property was income-producing 
                                                             property (property held for investment, such as stocks, 
                                                             notes, bonds, gold, silver, vacant lots, and works of art). 
Amortizable Premium on Taxable Bonds
                                                             First report the loss on Form 4684. You may also have to 
In general, if the amount you pay for a bond is greater than include the loss on Form 4797, Sales of Business Prop-
its stated principal amount, the excess is bond premium.     erty, if you are otherwise required to file that form. To fig-
You can elect to amortize the premium on taxable bonds.      ure your deduction, add all casualty or theft losses from 
The amortization of the premium is generally an offset to    this type of property included on Form 4684, or Form 
interest income on the bond rather than a separate deduc-    4797. For more information on casualty and theft losses, 
tion item.                                                   see Pub. 547.

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Federal Estate Tax on Income in Respect of                               Diary of winnings and losses. You must keep 
a Decedent                                                               an accurate diary or similar record of your losses 
                                                                 RECORDS and winnings.
You can deduct the federal estate tax attributable to in-
come in respect of a decedent that you as a beneficiary          Your diary should contain at least the following informa-
include in your gross income. Income in respect of the de-       tion.
cedent is gross income that the decedent would have re-          The date and type of your specific wager or wagering 
ceived had death not occurred and that wasn't properly in-         activity.
cludible in the decedent's final income tax return. See 
Pub. 559 for information about figuring the amount of this       The name and address or location of the gambling es-
deduction.                                                         tablishment.
                                                                 The names of other persons present with you at the 
Fines or Penalties                                                 gambling establishment.
Generally, a deduction is allowed for fines and penalties        The amount(s) you won or lost.
paid to a government or specified nongovernmental entity 
                                                                 Proof of winnings and losses.       In addition to your diary, 
for the violation of any law in the following situations.
                                                                 you should also have other documentation. You can gen-
Certain amounts that constitute restitution.                   erally  prove  your  winnings  and  losses  through  Form 
Certain amounts paid to come into compliance with              W-2G,  Certain  Gambling  Winnings;  Form  5754,  State-
  the law.                                                       ment by Person(s) Receiving Gambling Winnings; wager-
                                                                 ing tickets; canceled checks; substitute checks; credit re-
Amounts paid or incurred as the result of certain court        cords;  bank  withdrawals;  and  statements  of  actual 
  orders in which no government or specified nongo-              winnings or payment slips provided to you by the gam-
  vernmental agency is a party.                                  bling establishment.
Amounts paid or incurred for taxes due.                        For specific wagering transactions, you can use the fol-
                                                                 lowing items to support your winnings and losses.
Nondeductible amounts include an amount paid in set-                     These  recordkeeping  suggestions  are  intended 
tlement of your actual or potential liability for a fine or pen- !       as general guidelines to help you establish your 
alty (civil or criminal). Fines or penalties include amounts     CAUTION winnings  and  losses.  They  aren't  all-inclusive. 
paid such as parking tickets, tax penalties, and penalties       Your tax liability depends on your particular facts and cir-
deducted from teachers' paychecks after an illegal strike.       cumstances.
No deduction is allowed for the restitution amount or 
                                                                 Keno.   Copies of the keno tickets you purchased that 
amount paid to come into compliance with the law unless 
                                                                 were validated by the gambling establishment, copies of 
the amounts are specifically identified in the settlement 
                                                                 your  casino  credit  records,  and  copies  of  your  casino 
agreement or court order. Also, any amount paid or incur-
                                                                 check-cashing records.
red as reimbursement to the government for the costs of 
any investigation or litigation are nondeductible.               Slot machines.      A record of the machine number and 
                                                                 all winnings by date and time the machine was played.
Gambling Losses Up to the Amount of                              Table  games  (twenty-one  (blackjack),  craps, 
Gambling Winnings                                                poker, baccarat, roulette, wheel of fortune, etc.).     The 
                                                                 number of the table at which you were playing. Casino 
You must report the full amount of your gambling winnings 
                                                                 credit card data indicating whether the credit was issued 
for the year on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). 
                                                                 in the pit or at the cashier's cage.
You deduct your gambling losses for the year on your 
Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). Gambling losses in-           Bingo.  A record of the number of games played, cost 
clude the actual cost of wagers plus expenses incurred in        of tickets purchased, and amounts collected on winning 
connection with the conduct of the gambling activity, such       tickets. Supplemental records include any receipts from 
as travel to and from a casino. You can't deduct gambling        the casino, parlor, etc.
losses that are more than your winnings. Generally, non-
                                                                 Racing (horse, harness, dog, etc.).  A record of the 
resident  aliens  can't  deduct  gambling  losses  on  your 
                                                                 races, amounts of wagers, amounts collected on winning 
Schedule A (Form 1040-NR).
                                                                 tickets, and amounts lost on losing tickets. Supplemental 
        You can't reduce your gambling winnings by your          records include unredeemed tickets and payment records 
!       gambling losses and report the difference. You           from the racetrack.
CAUTION must report the full amount of your winnings as in-
come and claim your losses (up to the amount of win-             Lotteries. A record of ticket purchases, dates, win-
nings) as an itemized deduction. Therefore, your records         nings, and losses. Supplemental records include unre-
should show your winnings separately from your losses.           deemed tickets, payment slips, and winnings statements.

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Home Office                                                  against your tax. See Repayments in Pub. 525 for more 
                                                             information.
If you use a part of your home regularly and exclusively for 
business purposes, you may be able to deduct a part of       Unlawful Discrimination Claims
the operating expenses and depreciation of your home.
                                                             You may be able to deduct, as an adjustment to income 
You can claim this deduction for the business use of a       on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), or Form 
part of your home only if you use that part of your home     1040-NR, attorney fees and court costs for actions settled 
regularly and exclusively:                                   or decided after October 22, 2004, involving a claim of un-
As your principal place of business for any trade or       lawful discrimination, a claim against the U.S. Govern-
  business;                                                  ment, or a claim made under section 1862(b)(3)(A) of the 
                                                             Social Security Act. However, the amount you can deduct 
As a place to meet or deal with your patients, clients,    on your Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), or Form 
  or customers in the normal course of your trade or         1040-NR, is limited to the amount of the judgment or set-
  business; or                                               tlement you are including in income for the tax year. See 
In the case of a separate structure not attached to        Pub. 525 for more information.
  your home, in connection with your trade or business.
                                                             Unrecovered Investment in Annuity
The regular and exclusive business use must be for the 
convenience of your employer and not just appropriate        A retiree who contributed to the cost of an annuity can ex-
and helpful in your job.                                     clude from income a part of each payment received as a 
                                                             tax-free return of the retiree's investment. If the retiree 
Principal place of business.    If you have more than one    dies before the entire investment is recovered tax free, 
place of business, the business part of your home is your    any unrecovered investment can be deducted on the retir-
principal place of business if:                              ee's final income tax return. See Pub. 575, Pension and 
You use it regularly and exclusively for administrative    Annuity Income, for more information about the tax treat-
  or management activities of your trade or business,        ment of pensions and annuities.
  and
You have no other fixed location where you conduct 
  substantial administrative or management activities of     How To Report
  your trade or business.
                                                             Claim most deductions as an itemized deduction on your 
Otherwise, the location of your principal place of busi-
                                                             Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), or Form 1040-NR 
ness generally depends on the relative importance of the 
                                                             (Schedule A). However, see    Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 
activities performed at each location and the time spent at 
                                                             1040-SR), later.
each location.
        You should keep records that will give the infor-    Reporting employee business expenses.     As descri-
        mation needed to figure the deduction according      bed earlier in Unreimbursed Employee Expenses, there 
RECORDS to these rules. Also keep canceled checks, sub-      are four categories of employees who can claim deduc-
stitute checks, or account statements and receipts of the    tions for unreimbursed employee expenses.
expenses paid to prove the deductions you claim.             Employees in the following categories can claim their 
                                                             unreimbursed employee expenses.
More information. See Pub. 587 for more detailed infor-      Armed Forces reservists.
mation and a worksheet for figuring the deduction.
                                                             Qualified performing artists.
Losses From Ponzi-Type Investment                            Fee-basis state or local government officials.
Schemes                                                      Employees with impairment-related work expenses.
These  losses  are  deductible  as  theft  losses  of  in-           Generally, nonresident aliens who fall into one of 
come-producing property on your tax return for the year      !       the  qualified  categories  of  employment  are  al-
the loss was discovered. You figure the deductible loss in   CAUTION lowed deductions to the extent they are directly 
Section B of Form 4684. See the Form 4684 instructions       related to income which is effectively connected with the 
and Pub. 547, Casualties, Disasters, and Thefts, for more    conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
information.
                                                             Form 2106.  If you have deductible employee business 
Repayments Under Claim of Right                              expenses, you must usually file Form 2106.
                                                             You must file Form 2106 if any of the following applies 
If you had to repay more than $3,000 that you included in    to you.
your income in an earlier year because at the time you 
                                                             1. You are a qualified performing artist claiming perform-
thought you had an unrestricted right to it, you may be 
                                                               ing-artist-related expenses.
able to deduct the amount you repaid, or take a credit 

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2. You are a fee-basis state or local government official    Unlawful discrimination claims.  You can deduct cer-
claiming expenses in performing that job.                    tain attorney fees and court costs for unlawful discrimina-
                                                             tion claims, described earlier, on your Schedule 1 (Form 
3. You are an individual with a disability and are claiming 
                                                             1040 or 1040-SR); or Form 1040-NR.
impairment-related work expenses. See Employees 
with impairment-related work expenses, later.
                                                             Example
4. You have travel expenses as a member of the Armed 
Forces reserves that you can deduct as an adjust-            Debra Smith is an army reservist stationed 110 miles from 
ment to gross income.                                        her home. She makes this trip once each month. In addi-
                                                             tion to her travel expenses, she pays for her own uniforms 
5. You are claiming job-related vehicle, travel, transpor-
                                                             and for the cost of cleaning those uniforms.
tation, or non-entertainment meal expenses. See the 
Instructions for Form 2106 for more information.             In addition to her employee business expenses as an 
                                                             army reservist, she has gambling losses from her trips to 
Depreciation. Use Form 4562, to claim the depreciation       the casino and race track. She has gambling winnings of 
deduction for a computer you placed in service after 2018.   $5,400 and gambling losses of $5,700.
Complete Form 4562, if you are claiming a section 179 
deduction.                                                   Debra completes Form 2106. She enters her transpor-
Don't use Form 4562 to claim the depreciation deduc-         tation expenses of $500 as a reservist and she enters the 
tion for a computer you placed in service before 2019 and    amount of her expenses for the purchase of uniforms and 
used only in your home office, unless you are otherwise      their cleaning, $250. She then completes the form, enter-
required to file Form 4562. Instead, report the deprecia-    ing the $750 as her total expenses. Only the transporta-
tion directly on the appropriate form.                       tion expenses for travel as a reservist are deductible as an 
                                                             adjustment on her Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). 
Employees with impairment-related work expenses.             The $250 is a miscellaneous itemized deduction and is 
Most of the categories of employees who are able to claim    not deductible.
deductions for unreimbursed employees report these de-
                                                             Debra claims her gambling losses that don’t exceed 
ductions  as  an  adjustment  to  income  on  Schedule  1 
                                                             her gambling winnings as an itemized deduction. Debra 
(Form 1040 or 1040-SR), discussed next. However, em-
                                                             enters her allowable loss ($5,400) on her Schedule A 
ployees with impairment-related work expenses on Form 
                                                             (Form 1040 or 1040-SR).
2106 report these expenses on Schedule A (Form 1040 or 
1040-SR).
Enter  impairment-related  work  expenses  on  Form 
2106. Enter on your Schedule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR);       How To Get Tax Help
or  your  Schedule  A  (Form  1040-NR),  that  part  of  the 
amount on Form 2106, that is related to your impairment.     If you have questions about a tax issue, need help prepar-
Those employment-related expenses not related to your        ing your tax return, or want to download free publications, 
impairment are a miscellaneous itemized deduction and        forms, or instructions, go to IRS.gov and find resources 
are no longer deductible.                                    that can help you right away.
If you are self-employed, enter your impairment-related 
work expenses on the appropriate Form (Schedule C, E,        Tax reform. Major tax reform legislation impacting indi-
or F) used to report your business income and expenses.      viduals,  businesses,  and  tax-exempt  entities  was  ap-
                                                             proved by Congress in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on De-
Example.   You are blind. You must use a reader to do        cember  22,  2017.  Go  to   IRS.gov/TaxReform  for 
your work. You use the reader both during your regular       information and updates on how this legislation affects 
working hours at your place of work and outside your reg-    your taxes.
ular working hours away from your place of work. The 
reader's services are only for your work. You can deduct     Preparing and filing your tax return. Find free options 
your expenses for the reader as impairment-related work      to prepare and file your return on IRS.gov or in your local 
expenses.                                                    community if you qualify.
                                                             The Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program 
                                                             offers free tax help to people who generally make $55,000 
Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR)                            or  less,  persons  with  disabilities,  and  limited-Eng-
Most deductible employee business expenses on Form           lish-speaking taxpayers who need help preparing their 
2106 are reported as an adjustment to income on your         own tax returns. The Tax Counseling for the Elderly (TCE) 
Schedule 1 (Form 1040 or 1040-SR); or Form 1040-NR.          program offers free tax help for all taxpayers, particularly 
However, certain other expenses are deducted on Sched-       those who are 60 years of age and older. TCE volunteers 
ule A (Form 1040 or 1040-SR).                                specialize in answering questions about pensions and re-
                                                             tirement-related issues unique to seniors.
Educator expenses.  Certain qualified expenses of eligi-
ble educators can be deducted on your Schedule 1 (Form 
1040 or 1040-SR); or Form 1040-NR.

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You can go to IRS.gov to see your options for preparing     Delayed refund for returns claiming certain credits. 
and filing your return which include the following.         The IRS can’t issue refunds before mid-February 2019 for 
                                                            returns that claimed the earned income credit (EIC) or the 
Free File. Go to IRS.gov/FreeFile to see if you qualify 
                                                            additional child tax credit (ACTC). This applies to the en-
  to use brand-name software to prepare and e-file your 
                                                            tire refund, not just the portion associated with these cred-
  federal tax return for free.
                                                            its.
VITA. Go to IRS.gov/VITA, download the free IRS2Go 
  app, or call 800-906-9887 to find the nearest VITA lo-    Getting a transcript or copy of a return.    The quickest 
  cation for free tax return preparation.                   way to get a copy of your tax transcript is to go to IRS.gov/
                                                            Transcripts. Click on either "Get Transcript Online" or "Get 
TCE. Go to IRS.gov/TCE, download the free IRS2Go 
                                                            Transcript by Mail" to order a copy of your transcript. If 
  app, or call 888-227-7669 to find the nearest TCE lo-
                                                            you prefer, you can:
  cation for free tax return preparation.
                                                              Order your transcript by calling 800-908-9946, or
       Getting answers to your tax questions.         On 
       IRS.gov, get answers to your tax questions any-        Mail Form 4506-T or Form 4506T-EZ (both available 
       time, anywhere.                                          on IRS.gov).

Go to IRS.gov/Help for a variety of tools that will help  Using online tools to help prepare your return.              Go to 
  you get answers to some of the most common tax            IRS.gov/Tools for the following.
  questions.
                                                              The Earned Income Tax Credit Assistant IRS.gov/ (
Go to IRS.gov/ITA for the Interactive Tax Assistant, a        EITCAssistant) determines if you’re eligible for the 
  tool that will ask you questions on a number of tax law       EIC.
  topics and provide answers. You can print the entire 
  interview and the final response for your records.          The Online EIN Application IRS.gov/EIN ( ) helps you 
                                                                get an employer identification number.
Go to IRS.gov/Pub17 to get Pub. 17, Your Federal In-
  come Tax for Individuals, which features details on         The IRS Withholding Calculator IRS.gov/W4App (           ) es-
  tax-saving opportunities, 2019 tax changes, and thou-         timates the amount you should have withheld from 
  sands of interactive links to help you find answers to        your paycheck for federal income tax purposes and 
  your questions. View it online in HTML, as a PDF, or          can help you perform a “paycheck checkup.”
  download it to your mobile device as an eBook.              The First Time Homebuyer Credit Account Look-up 
You may also be able to access tax law information in         (IRS.gov/HomeBuyer) tool provides information on 
  your electronic filing software.                              your repayments and account balance.
                                                              The Sales Tax Deduction Calculator IRS.gov/ (
                                                                SalesTax) figures the amount you can claim if you 
Getting tax forms and publications.       Go to     IRS.gov/
                                                                itemize deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040 or 
Forms to view, download, or print all of the forms and pub-
                                                                1040-SR), choose not to claim state and local income 
lications you may need. You can also download and view 
                                                                taxes, and you didn’t save your receipts showing the 
popular tax publications and instructions (including the 
                                                                sales tax you paid.
1040 instructions) on mobile devices as an eBook at no 
charge. Or you can go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to place an     Resolving tax-related identity theft issues.
order and have forms mailed to you within 10 business 
days.                                                         The IRS doesn’t initiate contact with taxpayers by 
                                                                email or telephone to request personal or financial in-
Access  your  online  account  (individual  taxpayers           formation. This includes any type of electronic com-
only). Go to IRS.gov/Account to securely access infor-          munication, such as text messages and social media 
mation about your federal tax account.                          channels.
View the amount you owe, pay online, or set up an on-       Go to IRS.gov/IDProtection for information.
  line payment agreement.                                     If your SSN has been lost or stolen or you suspect 
Access your tax records online.                               you’re a victim of tax-related identity theft, visit 
                                                                IRS.gov/IdentiityTheft to learn what steps you should 
Review the past 24 months of your payment history.            take.
Go to IRS.gov/SecureAccess to review the required 
  identity authentication process.                          Checking on the status of your refund. 
                                                              Go to IRS.gov/Refunds.
Using direct deposit. The fastest way to receive a tax 
refund is to combine direct deposit and IRS e-file. Direct    The IRS can’t issue refunds before mid-February 2019 
deposit securely and electronically transfers your refund       for returns that claimed the EIC or the ACTC. This ap-
directly into your financial account. Eight in 10 taxpayers     plies to the entire refund, not just the portion associ-
use direct deposit to receive their refund. The IRS issues      ated with these credits.
more than 90% of refunds in less than 21 days.                Download the official IRS2Go app to your mobile de-
                                                                vice to check your refund status.

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Call the automated refund hotline at 800-829-1954.         pointment options. Or, on the IRS2Go app, under the Stay 
                                                             Connected tab, choose the Contact Us option and click on 
Making a tax payment.   The IRS uses the latest encryp-      “Local Offices.”
tion technology to ensure your electronic payments are 
safe and secure. You can make electronic payments on-        Watching  IRS     videos.  The   IRS       Video            portal 
line,  by  phone,  and  from  a  mobile  device  using  the  (IRSVideos.gov) contains video and audio presentations 
IRS2Go  app.  Paying  electronically  is  quick,  easy,  and for individuals, small businesses, and tax professionals.
faster than mailing in a check or money order. Go to 
IRS.gov/Payments to make a payment using any of the          Getting tax information in other languages.                 For tax-
following options.                                           payers whose native language isn’t English, we have the 
                                                             following resources available. Taxpayers can find informa-
IRS Direct Pay: Pay your individual tax bill or estima-    tion on IRS.gov in the following languages.
  ted tax payment directly from your checking or sav-
  ings account at no cost to you.                             Spanish IRS.gov/Spanish ( ).
Debit or credit card: Choose an approved payment            Chinese IRS.gov/Chinese ( ).
  processor to pay online, by phone, and by mobile de-        Vietnamese IRS.gov/Vietnamese ( ).
  vice.
                                                              Korean IRS.gov/Korean ( ).
Electronic Funds Withdrawal: Offered only when fil-
  ing your federal taxes using tax return preparation         Russian IRS.gov/Russian ( ).
  software or through a tax professional.                     The IRS TACs provide over-the-phone interpreter serv-
                                                             ice in over 170 languages, and the service is available 
Electronic Federal Tax Payment System: Best op-
                                                             free to taxpayers.
  tion for businesses. Enrollment is required.
Check or money order: Mail your payment to the ad-
                                                             The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) 
  dress listed on the notice or instructions.
                                                             Is Here To Help You
Cash: You may be able to pay your taxes with cash at 
  a participating retail store.                              What is TAS?

What if I can’t pay now?   Go to  IRS.gov/Payments for       TAS is an independent organization within the IRS that 
more information about your options.                         helps taxpayers and protects taxpayer rights. Their job is 
                                                             to ensure that every taxpayer is treated fairly and that you 
Apply for an online payment agreement IRS.gov/ (
                                                             know and understand your rights under the  Taxpayer Bill 
  OPA) to meet your tax obligation in monthly install-
                                                             of Rights.
  ments if you can’t pay your taxes in full today. Once 
  you complete the online process, you will receive im-
  mediate notification of whether your agreement has         How Can You Learn About Your Taxpayer 
  been approved.                                             Rights?

Use the Offer in Compromise Pre-Qualifier IRS.gov/ (       The Taxpayer Bill of Rights describes 10 basic rights that 
  OIC) to see if you can settle your tax debt for less than  all  taxpayers  have  when  dealing  with  the  IRS.  Go  to 
  the full amount you owe.                                   TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov to help you understand             what 
                                                             these rights mean to you and how they apply. These are 
Checking  the  status  of  an  amended  return.  Go  to      your rights. Know them. Use them.
IRS.gov/WMAR to track the status of Form 1040X amen-
ded returns. Please note that it can take up to 3 weeks 
                                                             What Can TAS Do For You?
from the date you mailed your amended return for it to 
show up in our system and processing it can take up to 16    TAS can help you resolve problems that you can’t resolve 
weeks.                                                       with the IRS. And their service is free. If you qualify for 
                                                             their assistance, you will be assigned to one advocate 
Understanding an IRS notice or letter.    Go to IRS.gov/
                                                             who will work with you throughout the process and will do 
Notices to find additional information about responding to 
                                                             everything possible to resolve your issue. TAS can help 
an IRS notice or letter.
                                                             you if:
Contacting your local IRS office.    Keep in mind, many       Your problem is causing financial difficulty for you, 
questions can be answered on IRS.gov without visiting an        your family, or your business;
IRS  Tax  Assistance  Center  (TAC).  Go  to    IRS.gov/
LetUsHelp for the topics people ask about most. If you still  You face (or your business is facing) an immediate 
need help, IRS TACs provide tax help when a tax issue           threat of adverse action; or
can’t be handled online or by phone. All TACs now pro-        You’ve tried repeatedly to contact the IRS but no one 
vide service by appointment so you’ll know in advance           has responded, or the IRS hasn’t responded by the 
that you can get the service you need without long wait         date promised.
times. Before you visit, go to IRS.gov/TACLocator to find 
the nearest TAC, check hours, available services, and ap-

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How Can You Reach TAS?                                       IRS Form 1040. Go to TaxChanges.us for more informa-
                                                             tion.
TAS has offices in every state, the District of Columbia, 
and Puerto Rico. Your local advocate’s number is in your 
                                                             Low Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs)
local  directory  and  at   TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/
Contact-Us. You can also call them at 877-777-4778.          LITCs are independent from the IRS. LITCs represent in-
                                                             dividuals whose income is below a certain level and need 
How Else Does TAS Help Taxpayers?                            to resolve tax problems with the IRS, such as audits, ap-
                                                             peals, and tax collection disputes. In addition, clinics can 
TAS  works  to  resolve  large-scale  problems  that  affect provide information about taxpayer rights and responsibili-
many taxpayers. If you know of one of these broad issues,    ties in different languages for individuals who speak Eng-
please report it to them at IRS.gov/SAMS.                    lish as a second language. Services are offered for free or 
                                                             a  small  fee.  To  find  a  clinic  near  you,  visit 
TAS also has a website,     Tax Reform Changes, which 
                                                             TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/LITCmap  or  see  IRS  Pub. 
shows you how the new tax law may change your future 
                                                             4134, Low Income Taxpayer Clinic List.
tax filings and helps you plan for these changes. The in-
formation is categorized by tax topic in the order of the 

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                       To help us develop a more useful index, please let us know if you have ideas for index entries.
Index                  See “Comments and Suggestions” in the “Introduction” for the ways you can reach us.
 
                                                Capital 6
                                                Commuting    7
A                                               Educator  3                                 K
Activities not for profit 4                     Qualified     3                             Kickbacks 6
Adjustments to gross income:                    Educator Expenses    3
  Armed forces reservists' travel               Funeral and burial  6
  expenses     2                                Health spa   7
  Performing artists 3                          Hobby   4                                   L
  State or local government officials paid on   Home office   11                            Legal expenses:
  fee basis    3                                Impairment-related  3                        Personal  8
  Unlawful discrimination claims  11            Investment   5 7,                            Political campaigns 6
Administrative fees:                            Meals 8                                      Production of income     5
  IRA trustees 5                                Professional promotion 8                     Unlawful discrimination claims 5
Adoption expenses      6                        Tax-exempt income    8                      Life insurance 7
Amortizable bond premium       9                                                            Lobbying  7 8, 
Appraisal fees 4                                                                            Losses:
Armed forces:                                                                                Casualties and thefts    4 9, 
  Reservists, travel expenses   2             F                                              Deposits  5
Assistance (See Tax help)                     Federal estate tax  10                         Gambling   10
                                              Fees:                                          IRA   5
                                                Appraisal  4                                 Mislaid cash or property  8
                                                Check-writing  6                             Roth IRA   5
B                                               Investment   4 5, 
Bank accounts:                                  IRA trustee  5
  Check-writing fees   6                        Professional accreditation 8
  Losses on deposits   5                      Fines 10                                      M
Bonds:                                        Fines or penalties:                           Meal and lodging expenses:
  Amortizable premium     9                     Deductible   10                              Lunches with coworkers    8
Bribes 6                                        Nondeductible   7                            Working late  8
Burial expenses   6                           Form 2106:                                    Missing children, photographs of 1
                                                Employee business expenses    11            Mutual funds:
                                              Form 4562:                                     Indirect deductions 5
                                                Depreciation and amortization 12
C                                             Funeral expenses    6
Campaign contributions       8
Campaign expenses      6                                                                    N
Capital expenditures   6                                                                    Nondeductible expenses     9
Casualty losses   4 9,                        G                                             Not-for-profit activities 4
Check-writing fees   6                        Gambling winnings and losses     10
Claim of right repayments     11              Government employees:
Clerical help, deductibility of 4               State or local government officials paid on O
Club dues  6                                    fee basis     3                             Office:
Commissions   6                                                                              Rent  4
Commuting expenses       7
Computers:
  Depreciation 4                              H
Convenience fees  4                           Health spa 7                                  P
                                              Hobbies 4                                     Partnerships:
                                              Home:                                          Indirect deductions 5
                                                Security system   7
D                                               Telephone service   8                       Pass-through entities  5
Deposits:                                     Home office:                                  Penalties 10
  Losses on  5                                  Expenses   11                               Performing artists 3
Depreciation:                                   Principal place of business 11               Work clothes   3
  Computers   4                                                                             Personal expenses  9
Disabilities, persons with:                                                                 Political contributions 8
  Work-related expenses      3                                                               Campaign expenses      6
Dividends:                                    I                                             Ponzi-type investment schemes    11
  Fees to collect 4                           Identity theft 13                             Production of income expenses   5
  Service charges on reinvestment plans 5     Impairment-related work expenses     3        Professional accreditation fees 8
Dues:                                         Income in respect of decedent:                Professional reputation and marketing 8
  Club 6                                        Estate tax 10                               Publications (See Tax help)
  Lobbying  7                                 Individual retirement arrangements 
                                                (IRAs):
                                                Trustees' fees  5                           R
                                              Insurance:
E                                               Life insurance  7                           Recordkeeping requirements:
Educator Expenses      3 12,                    Personal disability 6                        Deductions, to verify  2
Employee business expenses:                   Interest income:                               Gambling winnings and losses   10
  Form 2106   11                                Fees to collect 4                            Home office   11
  Performing artists 3                        Investments:                                  Relief fund contributions  8
Entertainers and                                Annuity, unrecovered investment in 11       Rent:
  musicians (See Performing artists)            Deposits, losses on  5                       Office 4
Estates:                                        Fees and expenses    5                       Safe deposit box  5
  Federal estate tax   10                       Seminars   7                                Repayments:
Expenses:                                     Itemized deductions   9                        Claim of right 11
  Adoption  6                                   How to report  11                            Income   5
  Campaign   6                                                                               Social Security benefits  5

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Reporting requirements:              Stockholders' meeting expenses 8
  Depreciation 12
  Form 2106 11                                                                U
  Impairment-related work expenses 3                                          Unemployment benefit fund 
  Itemized deductions 11             T                                         contributions 9
                                     Taxes:                                   Unlawful discrimination claims             11 12, 
                                       Estate tax 10
                                     Tax-exempt income expenses 8
S                                    Tax help 12
Safe deposit box 5                   Telephones:                              W
S corporations:                        Residential service 8                  Wagering winnings and losses               10
  Indirect deductions 5              Theft losses 4 9,                        Work:
Security systems, home  7            Travel and transportation expenses:       Impairment-related expenses               3
Seminars, investment-related    7      Another individual, paid by taxpayer 8 Wristwatches 6 9, 
Service charges on dividend            Armed forces reservists 2
  reinvestment plans  5                Commuting  7
Social Security repayments    5      Trustees:
State or local governments:            IRA administrative fees 5
  Officials paid on fee basis 3

Publication 529 (December 2019)                                                                                           Page 17






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