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Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service
2024

Instructions for Forms

1099-R and 5498

Distributions From Pensions, Annuities, Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs,
Insurance Contracts, etc.

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless domestic partner. You may repay this distribution at any time
otherwise noted. during the 3-year period beginning on the day after the date
on which you received the distribution. For more information,
Future Developments see Notice 2024-55.
For the latest information about developments related to Distributions to terminally ill individuals. The exception
Forms 1099-R and 5498 and their instructions, such as to the 10% additional tax for early distributions is expanded to
legislation enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/ apply to distributions made to terminally ill individuals on or
Form1099R or IRS.gov/Form5498. after December 30, 2022. For more information, see Notice
2024-02.
What’s New
Disaster tax relief. The special rules that provide for
Automatic rollover amount increased. Beginning January tax-favored withdrawals and repayments now apply to
1, 2024, the automatic rollover amount has increased from disasters that occur on or after January 26, 2021. See
$5,000 to $7,000. See Automatic rollovers, later. Disaster-Related Relief in Pub. 590-B, Distributions From
Certain corrective distributions not subject to 10% early Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).
distribution tax. Beginning on December 29, 2022, the Increase in required minimum distribution (RMD) age.
10% additional tax on early distributions does not apply to an The age for RMDs was increased to 73 by the SECURE 2.0
IRA distribution made pursuant to the rules of section 408(d) Act of 2022. For more information, see RMDs, later.
(4), which consists of a contribution for that year and any
earnings allocable to the contribution, as long as the Reminders
distribution is made on or before the due date (including In addition, see the current General Instructions for Certain
extensions) of the income tax return. See Corrective Information Returns for information on the following topics.
Distributions for more information. Who must file (certain Foreign Financial Institutions (FFIs)
•
Designated Roth nonelective contributions and desig- and U.S. payers that report on Form(s) 1099 to satisfy their
nated Roth matching contributions. The SECURE 2.0 Act Internal Revenue Code chapter 4 reporting requirements).
of 2022 permits certain nonelective contributions and • When and where to file.
matching contributions that are made after December 29, • Electronic reporting.
2022, to be designated as Roth contributions. • Corrected and void returns.
Distributions for emergency personal expenses. For • Statements to recipients.
distributions made after December 31, 2023, an emergency • Taxpayer identification numbers (TINs).
personal expense distribution may be made from a 403(b) • Backup withholding.
plan and is not subject to the 10% additional tax on early • Penalties.
distributions. An emergency personal expense distribution is • The definitions of terms applicable for chapter 4 purposes
that are referenced in these instructions.
a distribution made from your applicable eligible retirement
plan that is used for purposes of meeting unforeseeable or • Other general topics.
immediate financial needs relating to necessary personal or You can get the general instructions from General
family emergency expenses. There are certain limits that Instructions for Certain Information Returns at IRS.gov/
apply for emergency personal expense distributions (one per 1099GeneralInstructions or go to IRS.gov/Form1099R or
calendar year, dollar limits of generally not more than $1,000, IRS.gov/Form5498.
and limits on subsequent distributions). You may repay
E-filing returns. The Taxpayer First Act of 2019 authorized
emergency personal expense distributions at any time during
the Department of the Treasury and the IRS to issue
the 3-year period beginning on the day after the date on
regulations that reduce the 250-return e-file threshold. T.D.
which you received the distribution. For more information,
9972, published February 23, 2023, lowered the e-file
see Notice 2024-55.
threshold to 10 (calculated by aggregating all information
Distributions to a domestic abuse victim. For returns), effective for information returns required to be filed
distributions made after December 31, 2023, a distribution to on or after January 1, 2024. Go to IRS.gov/InfoReturn for
a domestic abuse victim may be made from a 403(b) plan e-file options.
and is not subject to the 10% additional tax on early
Information Reporting Intake System (IRIS). The IRS has
distributions. A distribution to a domestic abuse victim is a
developed IRIS, an online portal that allows taxpayers to
distribution made from your applicable eligible retirement
electronically file (e-file) information returns after December
plan that is no greater than $10,000 (indexed for inflation)
31, 2022, for 2022 and later tax years. Go to IRS.gov/IRIS for
and is made during the 1-year period beginning on any date
additional information and updates.
on which you are the victim of domestic abuse by a spouse or

Aug 21, 2024 Cat. No. 27987M

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Online fillable forms. To ease statement furnishing Reportable death benefits. Under section 6050Y and the
requirements, Copies B, C, 1, and 2 have been made fillable regulations thereunder, a payer must report reportable death
online in a PDF format available at IRS.gov/Form1099R and benefits paid after December 31, 2018, in connection with a
IRS.gov/Form5498. You can complete these copies online for life insurance contract transferred after December 31, 2018,
furnishing statements to recipients and for retaining in your in a reportable policy sale. Reportable death benefits are
own files. amounts paid by reason of the death of the insured under a
life insurance contract that has been transferred in a
Qualified tuition program rollover to a Roth IRA.
reportable policy sale. In general, a reportable policy sale is
Effective with respect to distributions made after December
the acquisition of an interest in a life insurance contract,
31, 2023, a beneficiary of a section 529 qualified tuition
directly or indirectly, if the acquirer has no substantial family,
program is permitted to roll over a distribution from the
business, or financial relationship with the insured apart from
section 529 account to a Roth IRA for the beneficiary, under
the acquirer's interest in such life insurance contract. The
certain conditions (for example, such rollover must be paid
payer of reportable death benefits must file a return that
through a direct trustee-to-trustee transfer, are subject to the
includes certain information, including the name of the
Roth IRA annual contribution limit and a $35,000 lifetime limit,
reportable death benefits payment recipient, the date and
and must be from a section 529 account that has been open
gross amount of each payment, and the payer's estimate of
for more than 15 years). Such rollovers are reported on Form
5498 as Roth IRA contributions and not as rollover the buyer's investment in the contract. Under Regulations
contributions. section 1.6050Y-4(e), however, a payer does not have to file
a return for reportable death benefits payments in certain
Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. For tax years situations, including when the reportable death benefits
beginning after December 31, 2022, a simplified employee payments are made to certain foreign payees and when the
pension (SEP) arrangement or SIMPLE IRA plan may allow payer does not receive, and has no knowledge of any issuer
an employee to designate a Roth IRA as the IRA to which having received, a reportable policy sale payment statement.
contributions under the arrangement or plan are made.
Military retirement annuities. Report payments to military
Employer matching and nonelective contributions made to a
Roth SEP or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year retirees or payments of survivor benefit annuities on Form
1099-R. Report military retirement pay awarded as a property
in which the contributions are made to the employee's Roth
settlement to a former spouse under the name and TIN of the
IRA, with the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2
recipient, not that of the military retiree.
or 7 in box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7
checked. Use Code 7 in box 7 for reporting military pensions or
survivor benefit annuities. Use Code 4 for reporting
Specific Instructions for Form 1099-R CAUTION! death benefits paid to a survivor beneficiary on a
File Form 1099-R, Distributions From Pensions, Annuities, separate Form 1099-R. Do not combine with any other
Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs, Insurance codes.
Contracts, etc., for each person to whom you have made a
designated distribution or are treated as having made a Governmental section 457(b) plans. Report on Form
distribution of $10 or more from profit-sharing or retirement 1099-R, not Form W-2, income tax withholding and
plans, any individual retirement arrangements (IRAs), distributions from a section 457(b) plan maintained by a state
annuities, pensions, insurance contracts, survivor income or local government employer. Distributions from a
benefit plans, permanent and total disability payments under governmental section 457(b) plan to a participant or
life insurance contracts, charitable gift annuities, etc. beneficiary include all amounts that are paid from the plan.
For more information, see Notice 2003-20 on page 894 of
Designated Roth nonelective contributions and
Internal Revenue Bulletin (IRB) 2003-19 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-
designated Roth matching contributions must be reported on
irbs/irb03-19.pdf. Also, see Governmental section 457(b)
Form 1099-R for the year in which the contributions are
plan distributions, later, for information on distribution codes.
allocated. See Q&A L-9 of Notice 2024-2, available at
IRS.gov/irb/2024-02_IRB#NOT-2024-2. Nonqualified plans. Report any reportable distributions
Also, report on Form 1099-R death benefits payments from commercial annuities. Report distributions to employee
made by employers that are not made as part of a pension, plan participants from section 409A nonqualified deferred
profit-sharing, or retirement plan. See Box 1, later. compensation plans and eligible nongovernmental section
457(b) plans on Form W-2, not on Form 1099-R; for
Payments of reportable death benefits in accordance with nonemployees, these payments are reportable on Form
final regulations published under section 6050Y must be 1099-NEC. Report distributions to beneficiaries of deceased
reported on Form 1099-R. plan participants on Form 1099-MISC. For more information,
Reportable disability payments made from a retirement see the Instructions for Forms 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC at
plan must be reported on Form 1099-R. IRS.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1099mec.pdf.
Generally, do not report payments subject to withholding Section 404(k) dividends. Distributions of section 404(k)
of social security and Medicare taxes on this form. Report dividends from an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP),
such payments on Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement. including a tax credit ESOP, are reported on Form 1099-R.
There is no special reporting for qualified charitable Distributions other than section 404(k) dividends from the
TIP distributions under section 408(d)(8) or qualified plan must be reported on a separate Form 1099-R.
health savings account (HSA) funding distributions Section 404(k) dividends paid directly from the corporation
described in section 408(d)(9), or for the payment of qualified to participants or their beneficiaries are reported on Form
health insurance premiums (including long-term care 1099-DIV. See Announcement 2008-56, 2008-26 I.R.B.
insurance premiums) for retired public safety officers 1192, available at IRS.gov/irb/2008-26_IRB#ANN-2008-56.
described in section 402(l).

2 Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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Charitable gift annuities. If cash or capital gain property is Regulations under section 6050Y provide that a section
donated in exchange for a charitable gift annuity, report 1035 exchange constitutes a reportable policy sale in limited
distributions from the annuity on Form 1099-R. See circumstances. Death benefits paid by reason of the death of
Charitable gift annuities, later. the insured under the life insurance contract issued in such
circumstances are reportable death benefits that must be
Life insurance, annuity, and endowment contracts. reported on Form 1099-R.
Report payments of matured or redeemed annuity,
For more information on reporting taxable exchanges, see
endowment, and life insurance contracts. However, you do
Box 1. Gross Distribution, later.
not need to file Form 1099-R to report the surrender of a life
insurance contract if it is reasonable to believe that none of Prohibited transactions. If an IRA owner engages in a
the payment is includible in the income of the recipient. If you prohibited transaction with respect to an IRA, the assets of
are reporting the surrender of a life insurance contract, see the IRA are treated as distributed on the first day of the tax
Code 7, later. See, however, Box 1, later, for FFIs reporting in year in which the prohibited transaction occurs. IRAs that
a manner similar to section 6047(d) for the purposes of hold non-marketable securities and/or closely held
chapter 4 of the Internal Revenue Code. investments, in which the IRA owner effectively controls the
Report premiums paid by a trustee or custodian for the underlying assets of such securities or investments, have a
cost of current life or other insurance protection. Costs of greater potential for resulting in a prohibited transaction.
current life insurance protection are not subject to the 10% Enter Code 5 in box 7.
additional tax under section 72(t). See Cost of current life
insurance protection, later. Designated Roth Account Contributions
Report charges or payments for a qualified long-term care An employer offering a section 401(k), 403(b), or
insurance contract against the cash value of an annuity governmental section 457(b) plan may allow participants to
contract or the cash surrender value of a life insurance contribute all or a portion of the elective deferrals they are
contract, which is excludable from gross income under otherwise eligible to make to a separate designated Roth
section 72(e)(11). See Code W, later. account established under the plan. These contributions,
which are made in lieu of elective deferrals, are designated
Section 1035 exchange. A tax-free section 1035
Roth contributions. Contributions made under a section
exchange is the exchange of (a) a life insurance contract for
401(k) plan must meet the requirements of Regulations
another life insurance contract, or for an endowment or
section 1.401(k)-1(f) (Regulations section 1.403(b)-3(c) for a
annuity contract, or for a qualified long-term care insurance
section 403(b) plan). In addition, a designated Roth account
contract; (b) a contract of endowment insurance for another
may include certain nonelective contributions or matching
contract of endowment insurance that provides for regular
contributions that a participant designates as Roth
payments to begin no later than they would have begun
contributions. Under the terms of the section 401(k) plan,
under the old contract, or for an annuity contract, or for a
section 403(b) plan, or governmental section 457(b) plan, the
qualified long-term care insurance contract; (c) an annuity
designated Roth account must meet the requirements of
contract for an annuity contract or for a qualified long-term
section 402A.
care insurance contract; or (d) a qualified long-term care
insurance contract for a qualified long-term care insurance A separate Form 1099-R must be used to report the
contract. A contract shall not fail to be treated as an annuity ! total annual distribution from a designated Roth
contract or as a life insurance contract solely because a CAUTION account.
qualified long-term care insurance contract is a part of, or a
rider on, such contract. However, the distribution of other Distributions allocable to an in-plan Roth rollover (IRR).
property or the cancellation of a contract loan at the time of The distribution of an amount allocable to the taxable amount
the exchange may be taxable and reportable on a separate of an IRR, made within the 5-year period beginning with the
Form 1099-R. first day of the participant’s tax year in which the rollover was
These exchanges of contracts are generally reportable on made, is treated as includible in gross income for purposes of
Form 1099-R. However, reporting on Form 1099-R is not applying section 72(t) to the distribution. The total amount
required if (a) the exchange occurs within the same allocable to such an IRR is reported in box 10. See the
company; (b) the exchange is solely a contract for contract instructions for Box 10. Amount Allocable to IRR Within 5
exchange, as defined above, that does not result in a Years, later. An IRR is a rollover within a retirement plan to a
designated distribution; and (c) the company maintains designated Roth account in the same plan. See Notice
adequate records of the policyholder's basis in the contracts. 2010-84, 2010-51 I.R.B. 872, available at IRS.gov/irb/
For example, a life insurance contract issued by Company X 2010-51_IRB#NOT-2010-84, as modified by Notice 2013-74,
received in exchange solely for another life insurance 2013-52 I.R.B. 819, available at IRS.gov/irb/
contract previously issued by Company X does not have to 2013-52_IRB#NOT-2013-74.
be reported on Form 1099-R as long as the company
IRA Distributions
maintains the required records. See Rev. Proc. 92-26, 1992-1
C.B. 744, for certain exchanges for which reporting is not For deemed IRAs under section 408(q), use the rules
required under section 6047(d). Also, see Rev. Rul. 2007-24, TIP that apply to traditional IRAs or Roth IRAs, as
2007-21 I.R.B. 1282, available at IRS.gov/irb/ applicable. Simplified employee pension (SEP) IRAs
2007-21_IRB#RR-2007-24, for certain transactions that do and savings incentive match plan for employees (SIMPLE)
not qualify as tax-free exchanges. For more information on IRAs, however, may not be used as deemed IRAs.
partial exchanges of annuity contracts, see Rev. Proc.
2011-38, 2011-30 I.R.B. 66, available at IRS.gov/irb/ Deemed IRAs. For more information on deemed IRAs in
2011-30_IRB#RP-2011-38 . qualified employer plans, see Regulations section 1.408(q)-1.

Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024) 3

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IRAs other than Roth IRAs. Unless otherwise instructed, If a regular contribution is made to a traditional or Roth IRA
distributions from any IRA that is not a Roth IRA must be that is later revoked or closed, and a distribution is made to
reported in boxes 1 and 2a. Check the “Taxable amount not the taxpayer, enter the gross distribution in box 1. If no
determined” box in box 2b. But see: earnings are distributed, enter 0 (zero) in box 2a and Code 8
• Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, later, for how to report the in box 7 for a traditional IRA and Code J for a Roth IRA. If
withdrawal of IRA contributions under section 408(d)(4); earnings are distributed, enter the amount of earnings in
• Transfers, later, for information on trustee-to-trustee box 2a. For a traditional IRA, enter Codes 1 and 8, if
transfers, including recharacterizations; applicable, in box 7; for a Roth IRA, enter Codes J and 8, if
• Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, later, for reporting a applicable. These earnings could be subject to the 10%
corrective distribution from an IRA under section 408(d)(5); additional tax under section 72(t). If a rollover contribution is
• IRA Revocation or Account Closure, later, for reporting IRA made to a traditional or Roth IRA that is later revoked or
revocations or account closures due to Customer closed, and distribution is made to the taxpayer, enter in
Identification Program failures; and boxes 1 and 2a of Form 1099-R the gross distribution and the
• Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, later, for reporting a appropriate code in box 7 (Code J for a Roth IRA). Follow this
transfer from a SIMPLE IRA to a non-SIMPLE IRA within the same procedure for a transfer from a traditional or Roth IRA
first 2 years of plan participation. to another IRA of the same type that is later revoked or
closed. The distribution could be subject to the 10%
The direct rollover provisions beginning later do not apply additional tax under section 72(t).
to distributions from any IRA. However, taxable distributions
from traditional IRAs and SEP IRAs may be rolled over into If an IRA conversion contribution or a rollover from a
an eligible retirement plan. See section 408(d)(3). SIMPLE qualified plan is made to a Roth IRA that is later revoked or
IRAs may also be rolled over into an eligible retirement plan, closed, and a distribution is made to the taxpayer, enter the
but only after the first 2 years of plan participation. gross distribution in box 1 of Form 1099-R. If no earnings are
An IRA includes all investments under one IRA plan or distributed, enter 0 (zero) in box 2a and Code J in box 7. If
account. File only one Form 1099-R for distributions from all earnings are distributed, enter the amount of the earnings in
investments under one plan that are paid in 1 year to one box 2a and Code J in box 7. These earnings could be subject
recipient, unless you must enter different codes in box 7. You to the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).
do not have to file a separate Form 1099-R for each If an employer SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA plan contribution
distribution under the plan. is made and the SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA is revoked by the
Roth IRAs. For distributions from a Roth IRA, report the employee or is closed by the trustee or custodian, report the
gross distribution in box 1 but generally leave box 2a blank. distribution as fully taxable.
Check the “Taxable amount not determined” box in box 2b. For more information on IRAs that have been revoked, see
Enter Code J, Q, or T, as appropriate, in box 7. Do not use Rev. Proc. 91-70, 1991-2 C.B. 899.
any other codes with Code Q or Code T. You may enter Code
8 or P with Code J. For the withdrawal of excess Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs
contributions, see Roth IRA under Box 2a. Taxable amount,
Employer matching and nonelective contributions made to a
later. It is not necessary to mark the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE
Roth SEP or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported in the same
checkbox.
manner as the reporting that would have applied if (1) there
Reporting Roth IRA conversions. You must report a were no after-tax contributions made to any of the
traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA distribution that you know is employee's IRAs, and (2) the matching or nonelective
converted this year to a Roth IRA in boxes 1 and 2a contributions were made to an IRA that was not a Roth IRA
(checking box 2b “Taxable amount not determined” unless and then immediately converted to a Roth IRA. So, employer
otherwise directed elsewhere in these instructions), even if matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP
the conversion is a trustee-to-trustee transfer or is with the or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which
same trustee. Enter Code 2 or 7 in box 7 depending on the the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with
participant's age. the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in
IRA escheatment. Payments made from IRAs to state box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.
unclaimed property funds must be reported on Form 1099-R.
Plan Escheatment
See Rev. Rul. 2018-17, 2018-25 I.R.B. 753, available at
IRS.gov/irb/2018-25_IRB#RR-2018-17, as modified by Payments made from qualified plans on or after January 1,
Notice 2018-90, 2018-49 I.R.B. 826, available at IRS.gov/irb/ 2022, to state unclaimed property funds must be reported on
2018-49_IRB#NOT-2018-90. Form 1099-R. See Rev. Rul. 2020-24, 2020-45 I.R.B. 965,
available at IRS.gov/irb/2020-45_IRB#REV-RUL-2020-24.
IRA Revocation or Account Closure
Deductible Voluntary Employee Contributions
If a traditional or Roth IRA is revoked during its first 7 days
(under Regulations section 1.408-6(d)(4)(ii)) or is closed at (DVECs)
any time by the IRA trustee or custodian due to a failure of If you are reporting a total distribution from a plan that
the taxpayer to satisfy the Customer Identification Program includes a distribution of DVECs, you may file a separate
requirements described in section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Form 1099-R to report the distribution of DVECs. If you do,
Act, the distribution from the IRA must be reported. In report the distribution of DVECs in boxes 1 and 2a on the
addition, Form 5498, IRA Contribution Information, must be separate Form 1099-R. For the direct rollover (explained
filed to report any regular, rollover, Roth IRA conversion, SEP later) of funds that include DVECs, a separate Form 1099-R
IRA, or SIMPLE IRA contribution to an IRA that is is not required to report the direct rollover of the DVECs.
subsequently revoked or closed by the trustee or custodian.

4 Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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Direct Rollovers who is an alternate payee under a QDRO, or a nonspouse
You must report a direct rollover of an eligible rollover designated beneficiary.
distribution. A direct rollover is the direct payment of the 10. Any hardship distribution.
distribution from a qualified plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a 11. A permissible withdrawal under section 414(w).
governmental section 457(b) plan to a traditional IRA, Roth 12. Prohibited allocations of securities in an S corporation
IRA, or other eligible retirement plan. For additional rules that are treated as deemed distributions.
regarding the treatment of direct rollovers from designated
Roth accounts, see Designated Roth accounts, later. A direct 13. Distributions of premiums for accident or health
rollover may be made for the employee, for the employee's insurance under Regulations section 1.402(a)-1(e).
surviving spouse, for the spouse or former spouse who is an Amounts paid under an annuity contract purchased for,
alternate payee under a qualified domestic relations order and distributed to, a participant under a qualified plan can
(QDRO), or for a nonspouse designated beneficiary, in which qualify as eligible rollover distributions. See Regulations
case the direct rollover can only be made to an inherited IRA. section 1.402(c)-2, Q/A-10.
If the distribution is paid to the surviving spouse, the
distribution is treated in the same manner as if the spouse Automatic rollovers. Eligible rollover distributions may also
were the employee. See Part V of Notice 2007-7, 2007-5 include involuntary distributions that are more than $1,000
I.R.B. 395, available at IRS.gov/irb/ but not more than $7,000 and are made from a qualified plan
2007-05_IRB#NOT-2007-7, and Notice 2020-51, 2020-29 to an IRA on behalf of a plan participant. Involuntary
I.R.B. 73, available at IRS.gov/irb/ distributions are generally subject to the automatic rollover
2020-29_IRB#NOT-2020-51, for guidance on direct rollovers provisions of section 401(a)(31)(B) and must be paid in a
by nonspouse designated beneficiaries. Also, see Notice direct rollover to an IRA, unless the plan participant elects to
2008-30, Part II, 2008-12 I.R.B. 638, available at IRS.gov/irb/ have the rollover made to another eligible retirement plan or
2008-12_IRB#NOT-2008-30, which has been amplified and to receive the distribution directly.
clarified by Notice 2009-75, 2009-39 I.R.B. 436, available at For information on the notification requirements, see
IRS.gov/irb/2009-39_IRB#NOT-2009-75, for questions and Explanation to Recipients Before Eligible Rollover
answers covering rollover contributions to Roth IRAs. Distributions (Section 402(f) Notice), later. For additional
information, also see Notice 2005-5, 2005-3 I.R.B. 337,
An eligible rollover distribution is any distribution of all or
available at IRS.gov/irb/2005-03_IRB#NOT-2005-5, as
any portion of the balance to the credit of the employee
modified by Notice 2005-95, 2005-51 I.R.B. 1172, available
(including net unrealized appreciation (NUA)) from a qualified
at IRS.gov/irb/2005-51_IRB#NOT-2005-95.
plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b)
plan except the following. Reporting a direct rollover. Report a direct rollover in
1. One of a series of substantially equal periodic box 1 and a 0 (zero) in box 2a, unless the rollover is a direct
payments made at least annually over: rollover of a qualified rollover contribution other than from a
designated Roth account. See Qualified rollover contributions
a. The life of the employee or the joint lives of the as defined in section 408A(e), later. You do not have to report
employee and the employee's designated beneficiary, capital gain in box 3 or NUA in box 6. Enter Code G in box 7
b. The life expectancy of the employee or the joint life and unless the rollover is a direct rollover from a designated Roth
last survivor expectancy of the employee and the employee's account to a Roth IRA. See Designated Roth accounts, later.
designated beneficiary, or If the direct rollover is made by a nonspouse designated
c. A specified period of 10 years or more. beneficiary, also enter Code 4 in box 7.
2. A required minimum distribution (RMD) under section Prepare the form using the name and social security
401(a)(9). A plan administrator is permitted to assume there number (SSN) of the person for whose benefit the funds were
is no designated beneficiary for purposes of determining the rolled over (generally, the participant), not those of the trustee
minimum distribution. of the traditional IRA or other plan to which the funds were
rolled.
3. Elective deferrals (under section 402(g)(3)) and
employee contributions (including earnings on each) returned If part of the distribution is a direct rollover and part is
because of the section 415 limits. distributed to the recipient, prepare two Forms 1099-R.
4. Corrective distributions of excess deferrals (under For guidance on allocation of after-tax amounts to
section 402(g)) and earnings. rollovers, see Notice 2014-54, 2014-41 I.R.B. 670, available
at IRS.gov/irb/2014-41_IRB#NOT-2014-54.
5. Corrective distributions of excess contributions under a
qualified cash or deferred arrangement (under section For more information on eligible rollover distributions,
401(k)) and excess aggregate contributions (under section including substantially equal periodic payments, RMDs, and
401(m)) and earnings. plan loan offset amounts, see Regulations sections
1.402(c)-2 and 1.403(b)-7(b). See Rev. Rul. 2014-9, 2014-17
6. Loans treated as deemed distributions (under section
I.R.B. 975, available at IRS.gov/irb/2014-17_IRB#RR-2014-9,
72(p)). However, qualified plan loan offset amounts and plan
for information on rollovers to qualified plans. Also, see Rev.
loan offset amounts can be eligible rollover distributions. See
section 402(c)(3)(C) and Regulations section 1.402(c)-2, Rul. 2002-62, which is on page 710 of I.R.B. 2002-42 at
IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb02-42.pdf, for guidance on
Q/A-9 and Plan Loan Offsets, later.
substantially equal periodic payments.
7. Section 404(k) dividends.
8. Cost of current life insurance protection.
9. Distributions to a payee other than the employee, the
employee's surviving spouse, a spouse or former spouse

Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024) 5

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For information on distributions of amounts Qualified rollover contributions as defined in section
TIP attributable to rollover contributions separately 408A(e). A qualified rollover contribution as defined in
accounted for by an eligible retirement plan and if section 408A(e) is:
permissible timing restrictions apply, see Rev. Rul. 2004-12, • A rollover contribution to a Roth IRA from another IRA that
2004-7 I.R.B. 478, available at IRS.gov/irb/ meets the requirements of section 408(d)(3), or
2004-07_IRB#RR-2004-12, as modified by Notice 2013-74. • A rollover contribution to a Roth IRA from an eligible
retirement plan (other than an IRA) that meets the
Designated Roth accounts. A direct rollover from a requirements of section 408A(e)(1)(B).
designated Roth account may only be made to another
designated Roth account or to a Roth IRA. A distribution from For reporting a rollover from an IRA other than a Roth IRA
a Roth IRA, however, cannot be rolled over into a designated to a Roth IRA, see Reporting Roth IRA conversions, earlier.
Roth account. In addition, a plan is permitted to treat the For a direct rollover of an eligible rollover distribution to a
balance of the participant's designated Roth account and the Roth IRA (other than from a designated Roth account), report
participant's other accounts under the plan as accounts held the total amount rolled over in box 1, the taxable amount in
under two separate plans for purposes of applying the box 2a, and any basis recovery amount in box 5. (See the
automatic rollover rules of section 401(a)(31)(B) and Q/A-9 instructions for Box 5. FMV of Account, later.) Use Code G in
through Q/A-11 of Regulations section 1.401(a)(31)-1. Thus, box 7. If the direct rollover is made on behalf of a nonspouse
if a participant's balance in the designated Roth account is designated beneficiary, also enter Code 4 in box 7.
less than $200, the plan is not required to offer a direct For reporting instructions for a direct rollover from a
rollover election or to apply the automatic rollover provisions designated Roth account, see Designated Roth accounts,
to such balance. earlier.
A distribution from a designated Roth account that is a
qualified distribution is tax free. A qualified distribution is a Explanation to Recipients Before Eligible
payment that is made both after age 59 / (or after death or 1 2 Rollover Distributions (Section 402(f) Notice)
disabililty) and after the 5-tax-year period that begins with the For qualified plans, section 403(b) plans, and governmental
first day of the first tax year in which a contribution is made to section 457(b) plans, the plan administrator must provide to
the designated Roth account. Certain amounts, including each recipient of an eligible rollover distribution an
corrective distributions, cannot be qualified distributions. See explanation using either a written paper document or an
Regulations section 1.402A-1. electronic medium (section 402(f) notice). The explanation
If any portion of a distribution from a designated Roth must be provided no more than 180 days and no fewer than
account that is not includible in gross income is to be rolled 30 days before making an eligible rollover distribution or
over into a designated Roth account under another plan, the before the annuity starting date. However, if the recipient who
rollover must be accomplished by a direct rollover. Any has received the section 402(f) notice affirmatively elects a
portion not includible in gross income that is distributed to the distribution, you will not fail to satisfy the timing requirements
employee, however, cannot be rolled over to another merely because you make the distribution fewer than 30 days
designated Roth account, though it can be rolled over into a after you provided the notice as long as you meet the
Roth IRA within the 60-day period described in section requirements of Regulations section 1.402(f)-1, Q/A-2. The
402(c)(3). In the case of a direct rollover, the distributing plan electronic section 402(f) notice must meet the requirements
is required to report to the recipient plan the amount of the for using electronic media in Regulations section
investment (basis) in the contract and the first year of the 1.401(a)-21.
5-tax-year period, or that the distribution is a qualified
The notice must explain the rollover rules, the special tax
distribution.
treatment for certain lump-sum distributions, the direct
For a direct rollover of a distribution from a designated rollover option (and any default procedures), the mandatory
Roth account to a Roth IRA, enter the amount rolled over in 20% withholding rules, and an explanation of how
box 1 and 0 (zero) in box 2a. Use Code H in box 7. For all distributions from the plan to which the rollover is made may
other distributions from a designated Roth account, use have different restrictions and tax consequences than the
Code B in box 7, unless Code E applies. If the direct rollover plan from which the rollover is made.
is from one designated Roth account to another designated
Roth account, also enter Code G in box 7. For periodic payments that are eligible rollover
distributions, you must provide the notice before the first
For a direct rollover of a distribution from a section 401(k) payment and at least once a year as long as the payments
plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b) continue. For section 403(b) plans, the payer must provide an
plan to a designated Roth account in the same plan, enter explanation of the direct rollover option within the time period
the amount rolled over in box 1, the taxable amount in box 2a, described earlier or some other reasonable period of time.
and any basis recovery amount in box 5. Use Code G in
box 7. Notice 2020-62, 2020-35 I.R.B. 476, available at
IRS.gov/irb/2020-35_IRB#NOT-2020-62, contains two safe
Report designated Roth nonelective contributions and harbor explanations that may be provided to recipients of
designated Roth matching contributions for the year in which eligible rollover distributions from an employer plan in order to
the contributions are allocated. Enter the total amount of satisfy section 402(f).
designated Roth nonelective contributions and designated
Roth matching contributions that are allocated to an Involuntary distributions. For involuntary distributions paid
individual's acount in the year in boxes 1 and 2a. Use Code G to an IRA in a direct rollover (automatic rollover), you may
in box 7. See Q&A L-9 of Notice 2024-2, available at satisfy the notification requirements of section 401(a)(31)(B)
IRS.gov/irb/2024-02_IRB#NOT-2024-2. (i) either separately or as a part of the section 402(f) notice.
The notification must be in writing and may be sent using
electronic media in accordance with Q/A-5 of Regulations
section 1.402(f)-1. Also, see Notice 2005-5, Q/A-15.

6 Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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Transfers 408(d)(6), is tax free. Do not report such a transfer on Form
Generally, do not report a transfer between trustees or 1099-R.
issuers that involves no payment or distribution of funds to
Corrective Distributions
the participant, including a trustee-to-trustee transfer from
one IRA to another IRA, valid transfers from one section You must report on Form 1099-R corrective distributions of
403(b) plan in accordance with paragraphs 1 through 3 of excess deferrals, excess contributions and excess aggregate
Regulations section 1.403(b)-10(b), or for the purchase of contributions under section 401(a) plans, section 401(k) cash
permissive service credit under section 403(b)(13) or section or deferred arrangements, section 403(a) annuity plans,
457(e)(17) in accordance with paragraph 4 of Regulations section 403(b) salary reduction agreements, and salary
section 1.403(b)-10(b) and Regulations section 1.457-10(b) reduction simplified employee pensions (SARSEPs) under
(8). However, you must report: section 408(k)(6). You must also report on Form 1099-R
• Recharacterized IRA contributions; corrective IRA distributions made under section 408(d)(4).
• Roth IRA conversions; Excess contributions that are recharacterized under a section
• Direct rollovers from qualified plans, section 403(b) plans, 401(k) plan are treated as distributed. Corrective distributions
or governmental section 457(b) plans, including any direct must include earnings through the end of the year in which
rollovers from such plans that are IRRs or are qualified the excess arose. These distributions are reportable on Form
rollover contributions described in section 408A(e); and 1099-R and are generally taxable in the year of the
• Direct payments from IRAs to accepting employer plans. distribution (except for excess deferrals under section
402(g)). Enter Code 8 or P in box 7 (with Code B, if
IRA recharacterizations. You must report each applicable) to designate the distribution and the year it is
recharacterization of an IRA contribution. If a participant taxable.
makes a contribution to an IRA (first IRA) for a year, the
participant may choose to recharacterize the contribution by Use a separate Form 1099-R to report a corrective
transferring, in a trustee-to-trustee transfer, any part of the distribution from a designated Roth account.
contribution (plus earnings) to another IRA (second IRA). The The total amount of the elective deferral is reported in
contribution is treated as made to the second IRA TIP box 12 of Form W-2. See the Instructions for Forms
(recharacterization). A recharacterization may be made with W-2 and W-3 for more information.
the same trustee or with another trustee. The trustee of the
first IRA must report the recharacterization as a distribution For more information about reporting corrective
on Form 1099-R and the contribution to the first IRA and its distributions, see Table 1; Notice 89-32, 1989-1 C.B. 671;
character on Form 5498. Notice 88-33, 1988-1 C.B. 513; Notice 87-77, 1987-2 C.B.
Enter the fair market value (FMV) of the amount 385; and the regulations under sections 401(k), 401(m),
recharacterized in box 1, 0 (zero) in box 2a, and Code R in 402(g), and 457.
box 7 if reporting a recharacterization of a prior-year (2023) Excess deferrals. Excess deferrals under section 402(g)
contribution or Code N if reporting a recharacterization of a can occur in section 401(k) plans, section 403(b) plans, or
contribution in the same year (2024). It is not necessary to SARSEPs. If distributed by April 15 of the year following the
check the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox. For more information year of deferral, the excess is taxable to the participant in the
on how to report, see Notice 2000-30 on page 1266 of I.R.B. year of deferral (other than designated Roth contributions),
2000-25 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb00-25.pdf. but the earnings are taxable in the year distributed. Except for
No recharacterizations of conversions made in 2018 or a SARSEP, if the distribution occurs after April 15, the excess
later. A conversion of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, and a is taxable in the year of deferral and the year distributed. The
rollover from any other eligible retirement plan to a Roth IRA, earnings are taxable in the year distributed. For a SARSEP,
made in the participant’s tax years beginning after December excess deferrals not withdrawn by April 15 are considered
31, 2017, cannot be recharacterized as having been made to regular IRA contributions subject to the IRA contribution
a traditional IRA. limits. Corrective distributions of excess deferrals are not
subject to federal income tax withholding or social security
Section 1035 exchange. You may have to report and Medicare taxes. For losses on excess deferrals, see
exchanges of insurance contracts, including an exchange Losses, later. See Regulations section 1.457-4(e) for special
under section 1035, under which any designated distribution rules relating to excess deferrals under governmental section
may be made. For a section 1035 exchange that is in part 457(b) plans.
taxable, file a separate Form 1099-R to report the taxable
amount. See Section 1035 exchange, earlier. Excess contributions. Excess contributions can occur in a
section 401(k) plan or a SARSEP. All distributions of the
SIMPLE IRAs. Do not report a trustee-to-trustee transfer excess contributions plus earnings (other than designated
from one SIMPLE IRA to another SIMPLE IRA. However, you Roth contributions), including recharacterized excess
must report as a taxable distribution in boxes 1 and 2a a contributions, are taxable to the participant in the year of
trustee-to-trustee transfer from a SIMPLE IRA to an IRA that distribution. Report the gross distribution in box 1 of Form
is not a SIMPLE IRA during the 2-year period beginning on 1099-R. In box 2a, enter the excess contribution and
the day contributions are first deposited in the individual's earnings distributed less any designated Roth contributions.
SIMPLE IRA by the employer. Use Code S in box 7, if For a SARSEP, the employer must notify the participant by
appropriate. March 15 of the year after the year the excess contribution
Transfer of an IRA to spouse. If you transfer or was made that the participant must withdraw the excess and
re-designate an interest from one spouse's IRA to an IRA for earnings. All distributions from a SARSEP are taxable in the
the other spouse under a divorce or separation instrument, year of distribution. An excess contribution not withdrawn by
the transfer or re-designation, as provided under section April 15 of the year after the year of notification is considered
a regular IRA contribution subject to the IRA contribution
limits.

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The 10% additional tax on early distributions does not the employee contributions (or designated Roth
apply to an IRA distribution made pursuant to the rules of contributions) being returned in box 5. Enter Code E in box 7.
section 408(d)(4), consisting of a return of a contribution for For more information, see Rev. Proc. 92-93, 1992-2 C.B. 505.
that year and any earnings allocable to the contribution, as Similar rules apply to other corrective distributions under
long as the distribution is made on or before the due date EPCRS. Also, special Form 1099-R reporting is available for
(including extensions) of the income tax return. certain plan loan failures. See section 6.07 of Rev. Proc.
Regulations have not been updated for SARSEPs. 2021-30 for details.
CAUTION! If excess employer contributions (other than elective
deferrals), and the earnings on them, under SEP, SARSEP, or
Excess aggregate contributions. Excess aggregate SIMPLE IRA plans are returned to an employer (with the
contributions under section 401(m) can occur in section participant's consent), enter the gross distribution (excess
401(a), section 401(k), section 403(a), and section 403(b) and earnings) in box 1 and 0 (zero) in box 2a. Enter Code E
plans. In general, a corrective distribution of excess in box 7.
aggregate contributions plus earnings is taxable to the
participant in the year the distribution was made. However, a Failing the ADP or ACP Test After a Total
corrective distribution of excess aggregate contributions is Distribution
not includible in gross income (other than earnings) to the If you make a total distribution in 2024 and file a Form 1099-R
extent that it represents designated Roth contributions. See with the IRS and then discover in 2025 that the plan failed
Treas. Reg. section 1.401(m)-2(b)(2)(vi)(C). Report the gross either the section 401(k)(3) actual deferral percentage (ADP)
distribution in box 1 of Form 1099-R. In box 2a, enter the test for 2024 and you compute excess contributions or the
excess and earnings distributed less any after-tax section 401(m)(2) actual contribution percentage (ACP) test
contributions. and you compute excess aggregate contributions, you must
Losses. If a corrective distribution of an excess deferral is recharacterize part of the total distribution as excess
made in a year after the year of deferral and a net loss has contributions or excess aggregate contributions. First, file a
been allocated to the excess deferral, report the corrective CORRECTED Form 1099-R for 2024 for the correct amount
distribution amount in boxes 1 and 2a of Form 1099-R for the of the total distribution (not including the amount
year of the distribution with the appropriate distribution code recharacterized as excess contributions or excess aggregate
in box 7. If the excess deferrals consist of designated Roth contributions). Second, file a new Form 1099-R for 2024 for
contributions, report the corrective distribution amount in the excess contributions or excess aggregate contributions
box 1, 0 (zero) in box 2a, and the appropriate distribution and allocable earnings.
code in box 7. However, taxpayers must include the total Note. To avoid a late filing penalty if the new Form 1099-R is
amount of the excess deferral (unadjusted for loss) in income filed after the due date, enter in the bottom margin of Form
in the year of deferral, and they may report a loss on the tax 1096, Annual Summary and Transmittal of U.S. Information
return for the year the corrective distribution is made. Returns, the words “Filed To Correct Excess Contributions.”
Distributions Under Employee Plans You must also issue copies of the Forms 1099-R to the
Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS) plan participant with an explanation of why these new forms
are being issued. ADP and ACP test corrective distributions
The procedure for correcting excess annual additions under are exempt from the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).
section 415 is explained in the latest EPCRS revenue
procedure in section 6.06 of Rev. Proc. 2021-30, 2021-31 Loans Treated as Distributions
I.R.B. 172, available at IRS.gov/irb/2021-31_IRB#REV-
PROC-2021-30. A loan from a qualified plan under section 401(a) or 403(a),
from a section 403(b) plan, or from a plan, whether or not
Distributions to correct a section 415 failure are not eligible qualified, that is maintained by the United States, a state or
rollover distributions although they are subject to federal political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality
income tax withholding under section 3405. They are not thereof, made to a participant or beneficiary is not treated as
subject to social security, Medicare, or Federal a distribution from the plan if the loan satisfies the following
Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) taxes. In addition, such requirements.
distributions are not subject to the 10% additional tax under 1. The loan is evidenced by an enforceable agreement.
section 72(t).
2. The agreement specifies that the loan must be repaid
You may report the distribution of elective deferrals (other within 5 years, except for a principal residence.
than designated Roth contributions) and employee 3. The loan must be repaid in substantially level
contributions (and earnings attributable to such elective installments (at least quarterly).
deferrals and employee contributions) on the same Form
1099-R. However, if you made other distributions during the 4. The loan amount does not exceed the limits in section
year, report them on a separate Form 1099-R. Because the 72(p)(2)(A) (maximum limit is equal to the lesser of 50% of
distribution of elective deferrals (other than designated Roth the vested account balance or $50,000).
contributions) is fully taxable in the year distributed (no part of Certain exceptions, cure periods, and suspension of the
the distribution is a return of the investment in the contract), repayment schedule may apply.
report the total amount of the distribution in boxes 1 and 2a.
Leave box 5 blank, and enter Code E in box 7. For a return of The loan agreement must specify the amount of the loan,
employee contributions (or designated Roth contributions) the term of the loan, and the repayment schedule. The
plus earnings, enter the gross distribution in box 1, the agreement may include more than one document.
earnings attributable to the employee contributions (or If a loan fails to satisfy (1), (2), or (3), the balance of the
designated Roth contributions) being returned in box 2a, and loan is a deemed distribution. The distribution may occur at

8 Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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the time the loan is made or later if the loan is not repaid in the EACA, as specified in Regulations section 1.414(w)-1(c)
accordance with the repayment schedule. (2).
If a loan fails to satisfy (4) at the time the loan is made, the If the distribution is from a designated Roth account, enter
amount that exceeds the amount permitted to be loaned is a Code B as well as Code 2 in box 7.
deemed distribution.
Corrected Form 1099-R
Deemed distribution. If a loan is treated as a deemed
distribution, it is reportable on Form 1099-R using the normal If you filed a Form 1099-R with the IRS and later discover that
taxation rules of section 72, including tax basis rules. The there is an error on it, you must correct it as soon as possible.
distribution may also be subject to the 10% additional tax For example, if you transmit a direct rollover and file a Form
under section 72(t). It is not eligible to be rolled over to an 1099-R with the IRS reporting that none of the direct rollover
eligible retirement plan nor is it eligible for the 10-year tax is taxable by entering 0 (zero) in box 2a, and you then
option. On Form 1099-R, complete the appropriate boxes, discover that part of the direct rollover consists of RMDs
including boxes 1 and 2a, and enter Code L in box 7. Also, under section 401(a)(9), you must file a corrected Form
enter Code 1 or Code B, if applicable. 1099-R reporting the eligible rollover distribution as the direct
rollover and file a new Form 1099-R reporting the RMD as if it
Interest that accrues after the deemed distribution of a had been distributed to the participant. See part H in the
loan is not an additional loan and, therefore, is not reportable current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns,
on Form 1099-R. or Pub. 1220, if filing electronically.
Loans that are treated as deemed distributions or that are
actual distributions are subject to federal income tax If you filed a Form 1099-R with the IRS reporting a
withholding. If such a distribution occurs after the loan is payment of reportable death benefits, you must file a
made, you must withhold only if you distributed cash or corrected return within 15 calendar days of recovering any
property (other than employer securities) at the time of the portion of the reportable death benefits from the reportable
deemed or actual distribution. See section 72(p), section death benefits payment recipient as a result of the rescission
72(e)(4)(A), and Regulations section 1.72(p)-1. of the reportable policy sale.
Subsequent repayments. If a participant makes any cash If you furnished a statement to the reportable death
repayments on a loan that was reported on Form 1099-R as a benefits payment recipient, you must furnish the recipient
deemed distribution, the repayments increase the with a corrected statement within 15 calendar days of
participant's tax basis in the plan as if the repayments were recovering any portion of the reportable death benefits from
after-tax contributions. However, such repayments are not the reportable death benefits payment recipient as a result of
treated as after-tax contributions for purposes of section the rescission of the reportable policy sale.
401(m) or 415(c)(2)(B).
Filer
For a deemed distribution that was reported on Form
1099-R but was not repaid, the deemed distribution does not The payer, trustee, or plan administrator must file Form
increase the participant's basis. 1099-R using the same name and employer identification
number (EIN) used to deposit any tax withheld and to file
Plan loan offsets. If a participant's accrued benefit is Form 945, Annual Return of Withheld Federal
reduced (offset) to repay a loan, the amount of the account Income Tax.
balance that is offset against the loan is an actual distribution.
Report it as you would any other actual distribution. Do not Beneficiaries
enter Code L in box 7. If you make a distribution to a beneficiary, trust, or estate,
A qualified plan loan offset is a type of plan loan offset that prepare Form 1099-R using the name and TIN of the
meets certain requirements. In order to be a qualified plan beneficiary, trust, or estate, not that of the decedent. If there
loan offset, the loan, at the time of the offset, must be a loan are multiple beneficiaries, report on each Form 1099-R only
in good standing and the offset must be solely by reason of the amount paid to the beneficiary whose name appears on
(1) the termination of the qualified employer plan, or (2) the the Form 1099-R, and enter the percentage in box 9a, if
failure to meet the repayment terms because the employee applicable.
had a severance from employment. Report a qualified plan
Disclaimers. A beneficiary may make a qualified disclaimer
loan offset as you would any other actual distribution. In
of all or some of an IRA account balance if the disclaimed
addition, enter Code M in box 7.
amount and income are paid to a new beneficiary or
Permissible Withdrawals Under Section 414(w) segregated in a separate account. A qualified disclaimer may
be made after the beneficiary has previously received the
For permissible withdrawals from an eligible automatic RMD for the year of the decedent's death. For more
contribution arrangement (EACA) under section 414(w): information, see Rev. Rul. 2005-36, 2005-26 I.R.B. 1368,
• The distribution (except to the extent the distribution available at IRS.gov/irb/2005-26_IRB#RR-2005-36.
consists of designated Roth contributions) is included in the
employee's gross income in the year distributed; Alternate Payee Under a QDRO
• Report principal and earnings in boxes 1 and 2a except, in
Distributions to an alternate payee who is a spouse or former
the case of a distribution from a designated Roth account,
spouse of the employee under a QDRO are reportable on
report only earnings in box 2a;
Form 1099-R using the name and TIN of the alternate payee.
• The distribution is not subject to the 10% additional tax
If the alternate payee under a QDRO is a nonspouse, enter
under section 72(t), indicated by reporting Code 2 in box 7;
the name and TIN of the employee. However, this rule does
and
not apply to IRAs; see Transfer of an IRA to spouse, earlier.
• The distribution must be elected by the employee no later
than 90 days after the first default elective contribution under

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Nonresident Aliens box distributions to plan participants from governmental
If income tax is withheld under section 3405 on any section 457(b) plans. However, in the case of a distribution by
distribution to a nonresident alien, report the distribution and a trust representing certificates of deposit (CDs) redeemed
withholding on Form 1099-R. Also, file Form 945 to report the early, report the net amount distributed. Also, see Box 6,
withholding. See the presumption rules in part S of the later.
current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns. For a distribution from a traditional IRA of assets that do
However, any payments to a nonresident alien from any not have a readily available FMV, enter Code K in box 7.
trust under section 401(a); any annuity plan under section Include in this box the value of U.S. Savings Bonds
403(a); any annuity, custodial account, or retirement income distributed from a plan. Enter the appropriate taxable amount
account under section 403(b); or any IRA account under in box 2a. Furnish a statement to the plan participant showing
section 408(a) or (b) are subject to withholding under section the value of each bond at the time of distribution. This will
1441, unless there is an exception under a tax treaty. Report provide them with the information necessary to figure the
the distribution and withholding on Form 1042, Annual interest income on each bond when it is redeemed.
Withholding Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of Foreign
Persons, and Form 1042-S, Foreign Person's U.S. Source Include in box 1 amounts distributed from a qualified
Income Subject to Withholding. retirement plan for which the recipient elects to pay health
insurance premiums under a cafeteria plan or that are paid
For guidance regarding covered expatriates, see Notice directly to reimburse medical care expenses incurred by the
2009-85, 2009-45 I.R.B. 598, available at IRS.gov/irb/ recipient (see Rev. Rul. 2003-62 on page 1034 of I.R.B.
2009-45_IRB#NOT-2009-85. 2003-25 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb03-25.pdf). Also, include
this amount in box 2a.
Statements to Recipients
If you are required to file Form 1099-R, you must furnish a Include in box 1 charges or payments for qualified
statement to the recipient. For more information about the long-term care insurance contracts under combined
requirement to furnish a statement to each recipient, see part arrangements. Enter Code W in box 7.
M in the current General Instructions for Certain Information In addition to reporting distributions to beneficiaries of
Returns. deceased employees, report here any death benefit
Truncating recipient's TIN on payee statements. payments made by employers that are not made as part of a
Pursuant to Regulations section 301.6109-4, all filers of Form pension, profit-sharing, or retirement plan. Also, enter these
1099-R may truncate a recipient’s TIN (social security amounts in box 2a; enter Code 4 in box 7.
number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number Do not report accelerated death benefits on Form
(ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or ! 1099-R. Report them on Form 1099-LTC, Long-Term
employer identification number (EIN)) on payee statements. CAUTION Care and Accelerated Death Benefits.
Truncation is not allowed on any documents the filer files with
the IRS. A payer's TIN may not be truncated on any form. See Include in box 1 the amount of any payment of reportable
part J in the current General Instructions for Certain death benefits.
Information Returns for more information.
For section 1035 exchanges that are reportable on Form
Do not enter a negative amount in any box on Form 1099-R, enter the total value of the contract in box 1, 0 (zero)
TIP 1099-R. in box 2a, the total premiums paid in box 5, and Code 6 in
box 7.
Account Number Designated Roth account distributions. If you are making
The account number is required if you have multiple accounts a distribution from a designated Roth account, enter the
for a recipient for whom you are filing more than one Form gross distribution in box 1, the taxable portion of the
1099-R. distribution in box 2a, the basis included in the distributed
amount in box 5, any amount allocable to an IRR made within
The account number is also required if you check the the previous 5 years (unless an exception to section 72(t)
“FATCA filing requirement” box. See Box 12. FATCA Filing applies) in box 10, and the first year of the 5-tax-year period
Requirement Checkbox, later. for determining qualified distributions in box 11. Also, enter
the applicable code(s) in box 7.
Additionally, the IRS encourages you to designate an
account number for all Forms 1099-R that you file. See part L Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. Employer
in the current General Instructions for Certain Information matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP
Returns. or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which
the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with
The policy number of the life insurance contract under the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in
which benefits are paid is required if you are reporting a box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.
payment of reportable death benefits.
Employer securities and other property. If you distribute
Box 1. Gross Distribution employer securities or other property, include in box 1 the
Enter the total amount of the distribution before income tax or FMV of the securities or other property on the date of
other deductions were withheld. Include direct rollovers, IRA distribution. If there is a loss, see Losses, later.
direct payments to accepting employer plans, If you are distributing worthless property only, you are not
recharacterized IRA contributions, Roth IRA conversions, and required to file Form 1099-R. However, you may file and enter
premiums paid by a trustee or custodian for the cost of 0 (zero) in boxes 1 and 2a and any after-tax employee
current life or other insurance protection. Also, include in this contributions or designated Roth contributions in box 5.

10 Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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Charitable gift annuities. If cash or capital gain property is Annuity starting date before November 19, 1996. If you
donated in exchange for a charitable gift annuity, report the properly used the rules in effect before November 19, 1996,
total amount distributed during the year in box 1. See for annuities that started before that date, continue to report
Charitable gift annuities under Box 3. Capital Gain (Included using those rules. No changes are necessary.
in Box 2a), later.
Corrective distributions. Enter in box 2a the amount of
FFIs reporting in a manner similar to section 6047(d). If excess deferrals, excess contributions, or excess aggregate
you are a participating FFI electing to report with respect to a contributions (other than employee contributions or
cash value insurance contract or annuity contract that is a designated Roth contributions). See Corrective Distributions,
U.S. account held by a specified U.S. person in a manner earlier.
similar to section 6047(d), include in box 1 any amount paid
Cost of current life insurance protection. Include current
under the contract during the reporting period (that is, the
life insurance protection costs (net premium costs) that were
calendar year or the year ending on the most recent contract
reported in box 1. However, do not report these costs and a
anniversary date).
distribution on the same Form 1099-R. Use a separate Form
Do not report the account balance or value (as of the 1099-R for each. For the cost of current life insurance
! end of the reporting period) in box 1. Participating protection, enter Code 9 in box 7.
CAUTION FFIs reporting in a manner similar to section 6047(d)
DVECs. Include DVEC distributions in this box. Also, see
should check the Recent Developments section for Form
Deductible Voluntary Employee Contributions (DVECs),
1099-R at IRS.gov/Form1099R before filing for 2024.
earlier.
Box 2a. Taxable Amount Designated Roth account. Generally, a distribution from a
designated Roth account that is not a qualified distribution is
When determining the taxable amount to be entered taxable to the recipient under section 402 in the case of a
! in box 2a, do not reduce the taxable amount by any plan qualified under section 401(a), under section 403(b)(1)
CAUTION portion of the $3,000 exclusion for which the in the case of a section 403(b) plan, and under section
participant may be eligible as a payment of qualified health 457(a)(1)(A) in the case of a governmental section 457(b)
and long-term care insurance premiums for retired public plan. For purposes of section 72, designated Roth
safety officers under section 402(l). contributions are treated as employer contributions, as
Generally, you must enter the taxable amount in box 2a. described in section 72(f)(1) (that is, as includible in the
However, if you are unable to reasonably obtain the data participant's gross income).
needed to compute the taxable amount, leave this box blank. Examples. Participant A received a nonqualified
Except as provided under Box 6, later, do not enter distribution of $5,000 from the participant's designated Roth
excludable or tax-deferred amounts reportable in boxes 5, 6, account. Immediately before the distribution, the participant's
and 8. Enter 0 (zero) in box 2a for: account balance was $10,000, consisting of $9,400 of
• A direct rollover (other than an IRR) from a qualified plan, a designated Roth contributions and $600 of earnings. The
section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b) plan to taxable amount of the $5,000 distribution is $300
another such plan or to a traditional IRA; ($600/$10,000 x $5,000). The nontaxable portion of the
• A direct rollover from a designated Roth account to a Roth distribution is $4,700 ($9,400/$10,000 x $5,000). The issuer
IRA; would report on Form 1099-R:
• An amount from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA directly • Box 1, $5,000 as the gross distribution;
transferred to an accepting employer plan; • Box 2a, $300 as the taxable amount;
• An IRA recharacterization; • Box 4, $60 ($300 x 20% (0.20) as the withholding on the
• A nontaxable section 1035 exchange of life insurance, earnings portion of the distribution;
annuity, endowment, or long-term care insurance contracts; • Box 5, $4,700 as the designated Roth contribution basis
or (nontaxable amount);
• A nontaxable charge or payment, for the purchase of a • Box 7, Code B; and
qualified long-term care insurance contract, against the cash • The first year of the 5-tax-year period in box 11.
value of an annuity contract or the cash surrender value of a Using the same facts as in the example above, except that
life insurance contract. the distribution was a direct rollover to a Roth IRA, the issuer
would report on Form 1099-R:
Annuity starting date in 1998 or later. If you made annuity
payments from a qualified plan under section 401(a), 403(a), • Box 1, $5,000 as the gross distribution;
or 403(b) and the annuity starting date is in 1998 or later, you • Box 2a, 0 (zero) as the taxable amount;
must use the simplified method under section 72(d)(1) to • Box 4, no entry;
figure the taxable amount. Under this method, the expected • Box 5, $4,700 as the designated Roth contribution basis
(nontaxable amount);
number of payments you use to figure the taxable amount
depends on whether the payments are based on the life of • Box 7, Code H; and
one or more than one person. See Notice 98-2, 1998-1 C.B. • The first year of the 5-tax-year period in box 11.
266, and Pub. 575, Pension and Annuity Income, to help you Disability retirement annuity. If annuity payments are
figure the taxable amount to enter in box 2a. made under a workers’ compensation act or under a statute
in the nature of a workers’ compensation act, as
Annuity starting date after November 18, 1996, and be-
compensation for personal injuries or sickness incurred
fore 1998. Under the simplified method for figuring the
during the course of employment, and a portion of the annuity
taxable amount, the expected number of payments is based
payments are based on age or length of service under the
only on the primary annuitant's age on the annuity starting
retirement plan, enter the taxable portion of the annuity in
date. See Notice 98-2.

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box 2a. See Rev. Rul. 85-105, 1985-2 C.B. 53. Enter Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA. Generally, you are not
distribution code 3 in box 7. required to compute the taxable amount of a traditional, SEP,
Losses. If a distribution is a loss, do not enter a negative or SIMPLE IRA or designate whether any part of a
amount in this box. For example, if an employee's 401(k) distribution is a return of basis attributable to nondeductible
account balance, consisting solely of stock, is distributed but contributions. Therefore, except as provided below or
the value is less than the employee's remaining after-tax elsewhere in these instructions, report the total amount
contributions or designated Roth contributions, enter the distributed from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA in box 2a.
value of the stock in box 1, leave box 2a blank, and enter the This will be the same amount reported in box 1. Check the
employee's contributions or designated Roth contributions in “Taxable amount not determined” box in box 2b.
box 5. • For a distribution by a trust representing CDs redeemed
early, report the net amount distributed. Do not include any
For a plan with no after-tax contributions or designated
amount paid for IRA insurance protection in this box.
Roth contributions, even though the value of the account may
have decreased, there is no loss for reporting purposes. • For a distribution of contributions plus earnings from an
IRA before the due date of the return under section 408(d)(4),
Therefore, if there are no employer securities distributed,
report the gross distribution in box 1, only the earnings in
show the actual cash and/or FMV of property distributed in
box 2a, and enter Code 8 or P, whichever is applicable, in
boxes 1 and 2a, and make no entry in box 5. If only employer
box 7. Also, enter Code 1 or 4, if applicable.
securities are distributed, show the FMV of the securities in
boxes 1 and 2a and make no entry in box 5 or 6. If both • For a distribution of excess contributions without earnings
after the due date of the individual's return under section
employer securities and cash or other property are
408(d)(5), leave box 2a blank, and check the “Taxable
distributed, show the actual cash and/or FMV of the property
amount not determined” box in box 2b. Use Code 1 or 7 in
(including employer securities) distributed in box 1, the gross
box 7 depending on the age of the participant.
less any NUA on employer securities in box 2a (except as
provided under Box 6. Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) in • For an amount in a traditional IRA or a SEP IRA paid
directly to an accepting employer plan, or an amount in a
Employer’s Securities, later), no entry in box 5, and any NUA
SIMPLE IRA paid directly to an accepting employer plan after
in box 6.
the first 2 years of plan participation, enter the gross amount
Roth IRA. For a distribution from a Roth IRA, report the total in box 1, 0 (zero) in box 2a, and Code G in box 7.
distribution in box 1 and leave box 2a blank except in the
case of an IRA revocation or account closure and a Box 2b. Taxable Amount Not Determined
recharacterization, earlier. Use Code J, Q, or T as Enter an “X” in this box if you are unable to reasonably obtain
appropriate in box 7. Use Code 8 or P, if applicable, in box 7 the data needed to compute the taxable amount.
with Code J. Do not combine Code Q or T with any other
codes. In addition, enter an “X” in this box if you are an FFI
However, for the distribution of excess Roth IRA reporting in box 1 to satisfy your chapter 4 reporting
contributions, report the gross distribution in box 1 and only requirement under the election described in Regulations
the earnings in box 2a. Enter Code J and Code 8 or P in section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(B).
box 7.
If you check this box, leave box 2a blank; but see
Roth IRA conversions. Report the total amount converted Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, earlier. Except for IRAs,
from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA make every effort to compute the taxable amount.
in box 2a. Check the “Taxable amount not determined” box in
box 2b. A conversion is considered a distribution and must be Box 2b. Total Distribution
reported even if it is with the same trustee and even if the Enter an “X” in this box only if the payment shown in box 1 is
conversion is done by a trustee-to-trustee transfer. When an a total distribution. A total distribution is one or more
individual retirement annuity described in section 408(b) is distributions within 1 tax year in which the entire balance of
converted to a Roth IRA, the amount that is treated as the account is distributed. If periodic or installment payments
distributed is the FMV of the annuity contract on the date the are made, mark this box in the year the final payment is
annuity contract is converted. This rule also applies when a made.
traditional IRA holds an annuity contract as an account asset
and the traditional IRA is converted to a Roth IRA. Box 3. Capital Gain (Included in Box 2a)
Determining the FMV of an individual retirement annuity If any amount is taxable as a capital gain, report it in box 3.
issued by a company regularly engaged in the selling of
contracts depends on the timing of the conversion as outlined Charitable gift annuities. Report in box 3 any amount from
in Q/A-14 of Regulations section 1.408A-4. a charitable gift annuity that is taxable as a capital gain.
For a Roth IRA conversion, use Code 2 in box 7 if the Report in box 1 the total amount distributed during the year.
participant is under age 59 / or Code 7 if the participant is at 1 2 Report in box 2a the taxable amount. Advise the annuity
least age 59 / . Also, check the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox 1 2 recipient of any amount in box 3 subject to the 28% rate gain
in box 7. for collectibles and any unrecaptured section 1250 gain.
Report in box 5 any nontaxable amount. Enter Code F in
Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. Employer box 7. See Regulations section 1.1011-2(c), Example 8.
matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP
or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which Special rule for participants born before January 2,
the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with 1936 (or their beneficiaries). For lump-sum distributions
the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in from qualified plans only, enter the amount in box 2a eligible
box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked. for the capital gain election under section 1122(h)(3) of the
Tax Reform Act of 1986 and section 641(f)(3) of the
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001.

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Enter the full amount eligible for the capital gain election. You The amount withheld cannot be more than the sum of
should not complete this box for a direct rollover. TIP the cash and the FMV of property (excluding
To compute the months of an employee's active employer securities) received in the distribution. If a
participation before 1974, count as 12 months any part of a distribution consists solely of employer securities and cash
calendar year in which an employee actively participated ($200 or less) in lieu of fractional shares, no withholding is
under the plan; for active participation after 1973, count as 1 required.
month any part of a month in which the employee actively
To determine your withholding requirements for any
participated under the plan. See the Example, later.
designated distribution under section 3405, you must first
Active participation begins with the first month in which an determine whether the distribution is an eligible rollover
employee became a participant under the plan and ends with distribution. See Direct Rollovers, earlier, for a discussion of
the earliest of: eligible rollover distributions. If the distribution is not an
• The month in which the employee received a lump-sum eligible rollover distribution, the rules for periodic payments or
distribution under the plan; nonperiodic distributions apply. For purposes of withholding,
• For an employee, other than a self-employed person or distributions from any IRA are not eligible rollover
owner-employee, the month in which the employee separates distributions.
from service;
• The month in which the employee dies; or Eligible rollover distribution; 20% withholding. If an
• For a self-employed person or owner-employee, the first eligible rollover distribution is paid directly to an eligible
month in which the employee becomes disabled within the retirement plan in a direct rollover, do not withhold federal
meaning of section 72(m)(7). income tax. If any part of an eligible rollover distribution is not
a direct rollover, you must withhold 20% of the part that is
Example. paid to the recipient and includible in gross income. This
includes the earnings portion of any nonqualified designated
Method for Computing Amount Eligible for Roth account distribution that is not directly rolled over. The
Capital Gain Election (See Box 3. Capital Gain recipient cannot claim exemption from the 20% withholding
(Included in Box 2a), earlier.) but may ask to have additional amounts withheld on Form
Step 1. Total Taxable Amount W-4P, Withholding Certificate for Pension or Annuity
Payments. If the recipient is not asking that additional
A. Total distribution XXXXX amounts be withheld, Form W-4P is not required for an
B. Less: eligible rollover distribution because 20% withholding is
1. Current actuarial value of any annuity XXXX mandatory.
2. Employee contributions or designated Roth Employer securities and plan loan offset amounts that are
contributions (minus any amounts previously part of an eligible rollover distribution must be included in the
distributed that were not includible in the amount multiplied by 20% (0.20). However, the actual
employee's gross income) XXXX
amount to be withheld cannot be more than the sum of the
3. Net unrealized appreciation in the value of any
employer securities that was a part of the cash and the FMV of property (excluding employer securities
lump-sum distribution XXXX and plan loan offset amounts). For example, if the only part of
an eligible rollover distribution that is not a direct rollover is
C. Total of lines 1 through 3 XXXXX employer securities or a plan loan offset amount, no
D. Total taxable amount. Subtract line C from line XXXXX withholding is required. However, unless otherwise exempt,
A. any cash that is paid in the distribution must be used to
satisfy the withholding on the employer securities or plan loan
Step 2. Capital Gain offset amount.
Depending on the type of plan or arrangement, the payer
or, in some cases, the plan administrator is required to
withhold 20% of eligible rollover distributions from a qualified
Total taxable Months of active
amount participation before 1974 plan's distributed annuity and on eligible rollover distributions
line D X ____________________ = Capital gain from a governmental section 457(b) plan. For additional
Total months of active information, see section 3405(d) and Regulations sections
participation 35.3405-1T, Q/A A-13; and 31.3405(c)-1, Q/A-4 and -5. For
governmental section 457(b) plans only, see Notice 2003-20
on page 894 of I.R.B. 2003-19.
Any NUA excludable from gross income under section
Box 4. Federal Income Tax Withheld 402(e)(4) is not included in the amount of any eligible rollover
Enter any federal income tax withheld. This withholding distribution that is subject to 20% withholding.
under section 3405 is subject to deposit rules and the You are not required to withhold 20% of an eligible rollover
withholding tax return is Form 945. Backup withholding does distribution that, when aggregated with other eligible rollover
not apply. See Pub. 15-A, Employer's Supplemental Tax distributions made to one person during the year, is less than
Guide, and the Instructions for Form 945 for more withholding $200.
information.
IRAs. The 20% withholding does not apply to distributions
Even though you may be using Code 1 in box 7 to from any IRA, but withholding does apply to IRAs under the
designate an early distribution subject to the 10% additional rules for periodic payments and nonperiodic distributions. For
tax specified in section 72(q), (t), or (v), you are not required withholding, assume that the entire amount of a distribution
to withhold that tax. from an IRA other than a Roth IRA is taxable (except for the
distribution of contributions under section 408(d)(4), in which

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only the earnings are taxable, and section 408(d)(5), as employee contributions or insurance premiums recovered tax
applicable). Generally, Roth IRA distributions are not subject free during the year based on the method you used to
to withholding except on the earnings portion of excess determine the taxable amount to be entered in box 2a. On a
contributions distributed under section 408(d)(4). separate Form 1099-R, include the portion of the employee's
An IRA recharacterization is not subject to income tax basis that has been distributed from a designated Roth
withholding. account. See the Examples in the instructions for box 2a,
earlier.
Periodic payments. For periodic payments that are not
eligible rollover distributions, withhold on the taxable part as If periodic payments began before 1993, you are not
though the periodic payments were wages, based on the required, but you are encouraged, to report in box 5.
recipient's Form W-4P. The recipient may request additional If you made periodic payments from a qualified plan
withholding on Form W-4P or claim exemption from ! and the annuity starting date is after November 18,
withholding. If a recipient does not submit a Form W-4P, CAUTION 1996, you must use the simplified method to figure
withhold by treating the recipient as single with no the tax-free amount each year. See Annuity starting date in
adjustments. See Regulations section 35.3405-1T, Q/A A-9, 1998 or later, earlier.
for a definition of periodic payments. See Pub. 15-A for
additional information regarding withholding on periodic If a total distribution is made, the total employee
payments and Pub. 15-T for applicable tables used to contributions or insurance premiums available to be
determine withholding on periodic payments. recovered tax free must be shown only in box 5. If any
Rather than Form W-4P, military retirees should give previous distributions were made, any amount recovered tax
TIP you Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Certificate. free in prior years must not appear in box 5.
For payments of reportable death benefits, enter your
Nonperiodic distributions. Withhold 10% of the taxable estimate of the buyer’s investment in the contract in box 5.
part of a nonperiodic distribution that is not an eligible rollover If you are unable to reasonably obtain the data necessary
distribution. In most cases, designated distributions from any to compute the taxable amount, leave box 2a blank, leave
IRA are treated as nonperiodic distributions subject to box 5 blank (except in the case of a payment of reportable
withholding at the 10% rate even if the distributions are paid death benefits), and check the first box in box 2b. In the case
over a periodic basis. See Regulations section 35.3405-1T, of a payment of reportable death benefits, box 5 must be
Q/A F-15. The recipient may request additional withholding completed.
on Form W-4R or claim exemption from withholding. For
more information on nonperiodic distributions and For more information, see Rev. Proc. 92-86, 1992-2 C.B.
withholding, see Regulations section 35-3405-1T, Q/A A-12, 495, and section 72(d).
and parts C, D, and F. For reporting charitable gift annuities, see Charitable gift
Failure to provide TIN. For periodic payments and annuities, earlier.
nonperiodic distributions, if a payee fails to furnish their
correct TIN to you in the manner required, or if the IRS Box 6. Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) in
notifies you before any distribution that the TIN furnished is Employer's Securities
incorrect, a payee cannot claim exemption from withholding. Use this box if a distribution from a qualified plan (except a
For periodic payments, withhold as if the payee was single qualified distribution from a designated Roth account)
claiming no withholding allowances. For nonperiodic includes securities of the employer corporation (or a
payments, withhold 10%. Backup withholding does not apply. subsidiary or parent corporation) and you can compute the
NUA in the employer's securities. Enter all the NUA in
Box 5. Employee Contributions/Designated Roth employer securities if this is a lump-sum distribution. If this is
Account Contributions or Insurance Premiums not a lump-sum distribution, enter only the NUA in employer
Enter the employee's contributions, designated Roth account securities attributable to employee contributions. See
contributions, or insurance premiums that the employee may Regulations section 1.402(a)-1(b) for the determination of the
recover tax free this year (even if they exceed the box 1 NUA. Also, see Notice 89-25, Q/A-1, 1989-1 C.B. 662.
amount). The entry in box 5 may include any of the following: Include the NUA in box 1 but not in box 2a except in the case
(a) designated Roth account contributions or contributions of a direct rollover to a Roth IRA or a designated Roth
actually made on behalf of the employee over the years account in the same plan (see Notice 2009-75, Q/A-1, and
under the plan that were required to be included in the Notice 2010-84, Q/A-7). You do not have to complete this box
income of the employee when contributed (after-tax for a direct rollover.
contributions), (b) contributions made by the employer but
considered to have been contributed by the employee under Box 7. Distribution Code(s)
section 72(f), (c) the accumulated cost of premiums paid for Enter an “X” in the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox if the
life insurance protection taxable to the employee in previous distribution is from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE
years and in the current year under Regulations section IRA. Do not check the box for a distribution from a Roth IRA
1.72-16 (cost of current life insurance protection) (only if the or for an IRA recharacterization.
life insurance contract itself is distributed), and (d) premiums Enter the appropriate code(s) in box 7. Use Table 1 to
paid on commercial annuities. Do not include any DVECs, determine the appropriate code(s) to enter in box 7 for any
any elective deferrals, or any contribution to a retirement plan amounts reported on Form 1099-R. Read the codes carefully
that was not an after-tax contribution. and enter them accurately because the IRS uses the codes
Generally, for qualified plans, section 403(b) plans, and to help determine whether the recipient has properly reported
nonqualified commercial annuities, enter in box 5 the the distribution. If the codes you enter are incorrect, the IRS
may improperly propose changes to the recipient's taxes.

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When applicable, enter a numeric and an alpha code. For section 457(b) plan of an amount that is attributable to a
example, when using Code P for a traditional IRA distribution rollover from another type of eligible retirement plan or IRA is
under section 408(d)(4), you must also enter Code 1, if it subject to the additional tax as if the distribution were from a
applies. For a normal distribution from a qualified plan that plan described in section 401(a). See section 72(t)(9). If the
qualifies for the 10-year tax option, enter Codes 7 and A. For distribution consists solely of amounts that are not
a direct rollover to an IRA or a qualified plan for the surviving attributable to such a rollover, enter Code 2 in box 7. If the
spouse of a deceased participant, or on behalf of a distribution consists solely of amounts attributable to such a
nonspouse designated beneficiary, enter Codes 4 and G rollover, then enter the appropriate code in box 7 as if the
(Codes 4 and H if from a designated Roth account to a Roth distribution were from a plan described in section 401(a). If
IRA). If two or more distribution codes are not valid the distribution is made up of amounts from both sources,
combinations, you must file more than one Form 1099-R. you must file separate Forms 1099-R for each part of the
distribution unless Code 2 would be entered on
Enter a maximum of two alphanumeric codes in
each form.
! box 7. See Table 1 for allowable combinations. Only
CAUTION three numeric combinations are permitted on one Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. Employer
Form 1099-R: Codes 8 and 1, 8 and 2, or 8 and 4. If two or matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP
more other numeric codes are applicable, you must file more or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which
than one Form 1099-R. For example, if part of a distribution is the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with
premature (Code 1) and part is not (Code 7), file one Form the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in
1099-R for the part to which Code 1 applies and another box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.
Form 1099-R for the part to which Code 7 applies. In
addition, for the distribution of excess deferrals, parts of the Box 8. Other
distribution may be taxable in 2 different years. File separate Enter the current actuarial value of an annuity contract that is
Forms 1099-R using Code 8 or P to indicate the year the part of a lump-sum distribution. Do not include this item in
amount is taxable. boxes 1 and 2a.
If a qualified plan loan offset occurs in a designated To determine the value of an annuity contract, show the
value as an amount equal to the current actuarial value of the
CAUTION as a deemed distribution under section 72(p) (Codes
! Roth account (Codes M and B), or a loan is treated annuity contract, reduced by an amount equal to the excess
L and B) and a numeric code is needed to indicate whether of the employee's contributions over the cash and other
the recipient is subject to the 10% tax under section 72(t), property (not including the annuity contract) distributed.
omit Code M or L, as applicable. If an annuity contract is part of a multiple recipient
Even if the employee/taxpayer is age 59 / or over, use 1 2 lump-sum distribution, enter in box 8, along with the current
Code 1 if a series of substantially equal periodic payments actuarial value, the percentage of the total annuity contract
was modified within 5 years of the date of the first payment each Form 1099-R represents.
(within the meaning of section 72(q)(3) or (t)(4)), if you have Also, enter in box 8 the amount of the reduction in the
been reporting distributions in previous years using Code 2. investment (but not below 0 (zero)) against the cash value of
For example, Jordan began receiving payments that an annuity contract or the cash surrender value of a life
qualified for the exception for part of a series of substantially insurance contract due to charges or payments for qualified
equal periodic payments under section 72(t)(2)(A)(iv) when long-term care insurance contracts.
they were 57. When they were 61, Jordan modified the
payments. Because the payments were modified within 5 Box 9a. Your Percentage of Total Distribution
years, use Code 1 in the year the payments were modified, If this is a total distribution and it is made to more than one
even though Jordan is over 59 / .1 2 person, enter the percentage received by the person whose
If you do not know that the taxpayer meets the name appears on Form 1099-R. You need not complete this
requirements for substantially equal periodic payments under box for any IRA distributions or for a direct rollover.
section 72(t)(2)(A)(iv), use Code 1 to report the payments.
Box 9b. Total Employee Contributions
For further guidance on what makes a series of You are not required to enter the total employee contributions
! substantially equal periodic payments, see Notice or designated Roth contributions in box 9b. However,
CAUTION 2022-6, 2022-05 I.R.B. 460. Note that section 72(t)
because this information may be helpful to the recipient, you
(2)(A) generally provides that periodic payments will not fail may choose to report them.
to be treated as substantially equal merely because they are
amounts received as an annuity, and that periodic payments If you choose to report the total employee contributions or
shall be deemed to be substantially equal if they are payable designated Roth contributions, do not include any amounts
over a period described in section 72(t)(2)(A)(iv) and satisfy recovered tax free in prior years. For a total distribution,
the requirements for annuity payments under section 401(a) report the total employee contributions or designated Roth
(9). contributions in box 5 rather than in box 9b.

If part of a distribution is paid in a direct rollover and part is Box 10. Amount Allocable to IRR Within 5 Years
not, you must file a separate Form 1099-R for each part Enter the amount of the distribution allocable to an IRR made
showing the appropriate code on each form. within the 5-year period beginning with the first day of the
Governmental section 457(b) plan distributions. year in which the rollover was made. Do not complete this
Generally, a distribution from a governmental section 457(b) box if an exception under section 72(t) applies.
plan is not subject to the 10% additional tax under section
72(t). However, an early distribution from a governmental For further guidance on determining amounts allocable to
an IRR, see Notice 2010-84, Q/A-13.

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Box 11. First Year of Desig. Roth Contrib. Boxes 14–19. State and Local Information
Enter the first year of the 5-tax-year period. This is the year in These boxes and Copies 1 and 2 are provided for your
which the designated Roth account was first established by convenience only and need not be completed for the IRS.
the recipient. Use the state and local information boxes to report
distributions and taxes for up to two states or localities. Keep
Box 12. FATCA Filing Requirement Checkbox the information for each state or locality separated by the
Check the box if you are an FFI reporting a cash value broken line. If state or local income tax has been withheld on
insurance contract or annuity contract that is a U.S. account this distribution, you may enter it in boxes 14 and 17, as
in a manner similar to that required under section 6047(d). appropriate. In box 15, enter the abbreviated name of the
See Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(B) for this election. state and the payer's state identification number. The state
In addition, check the box if you are a U.S. payer that is number is the payer's identification number assigned by the
reporting on Form 1099-R as part of satisfying your individual state. In box 18, enter the name of the locality. In
requirement to report with respect to a U.S. account for boxes 16 and 19, you may enter the amount of the state or
chapter 4 purposes, as described in Regulations section local distribution. Copy 1 may be used to provide information
1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A). to the state or local tax department. Copy 2 may be used as
the recipient's copy in filing a state or local income tax return.
Box 13. Date of Payment
Enter here the date payment was made for reportable death
benefits under section 6050Y.
Table 1. Guide to Distribution Codes
Guide to Distribution Codes
Distribution Codes Explanations *Used with code (if
applicable)
1—Early distribution, no known exception. Use Code 1 only if the participant has not reached age 59 / , and you do not 1 2 8, B, D, K, L, M, or P
know if any of the exceptions under Code 2, 3, or 4 apply. However, use Code 1
even if the distribution is made for medical expenses, health insurance premiums,
qualified higher education expenses, a first-time home purchase, a qualified
reservist distribution, a qualified birth or adoption distribution, an emergency
personal expense distribution, a terminally ill individual distribution, or an eligible
distribution to a domestic abuse victim under section 72(t)(2)(B), (D), (E), (F), (G),
(H), (I), (K), or (L). Code 1 must also be used even if a taxpayer is 59 / or older 1 2
and they modify a series of substantially equal periodic payments under section
72(q), (t), or (v) prior to the end of the 5-year period that began with the first
payment.
2—Early distribution, exception applies. Use Code 2 only if the participant has not reached age 59 /1 2 and you know the 8, B, D, K, L, M, or P
distribution is the any of the following.
• A Roth IRA conversion (an IRA converted to a Roth IRA).
• A distribution made from a qualified retirement plan or IRA because of an IRS
levy under section 6331.
• A governmental section 457(b) plan distribution that is not subject to the
additional 10% tax. But see Governmental section 457(b) plans, earlier, for
information on distributions that may be subject to the 10% additional tax.
• A distribution from a qualified retirement plan after separation from service in
or after the year the participant has reached age 55.
• A distribution from a governmental plan to a public safety employee (as
defined in section 72(t)(10)(B)) after separation from service, in or after the year
the employee has reached age 50 or 25 years of service under the plan,
whichever is earlier. A distribution from a qualified plan, a section 403(a) plan, or a
section 403(b) plan to an employee who provides firefighting services, after
separation from service, in or after the year the employee has reached age 50 or
25 years of service under the plan, whichever is earlier.
• A distribution that is part of a series of substantially equal periodic payments,
as described in section 72(q), (t), (u), or (v).
• A distribution that is a permissible withdrawal under an eligible automatic
contribution arrangement (EACA).
• Any other distribution subject to an exception under section 72(q), (t), (u), or
(v) that is not required to be reported using Code 1, 3, or 4.
• An employer matching or nonelective contribution made to a Roth SEP IRA or
a Roth SIMPLE IRA.
3—Disability. For these purposes, see section 72(m)(7) and Rev. Rul. 85-105, 1985-2 C.B. 53. D
4—Death. Use Code 4 regardless of the age of the participant to indicate payment to a 8, A, B, D, G, H, K, L, M, or P
decedent's beneficiary, including an estate or trust. Also, use it for death benefit
payments made by an employer but not made as part of a pension, profit-sharing,
or retirement plan. Also, use it for payments of reportable death benefits.
5—Prohibited transaction. Use Code 5 if there was a prohibited transaction involving the IRA account. Code None
5 means the account is no longer an IRA.
6—Section 1035 exchange. Use Code 6 to indicate the tax-free exchange of life insurance, annuity, long-term W
care insurance, or endowment contracts under section 1035.

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Guide to Distribution Codes
Distribution Codes Explanations *Used with code (if
applicable)
7—Normal distribution. Use Code 7: (a) for a normal distribution from a plan, including a traditional IRA, A, B, D, K, L, or M
section 401(k), or section 403(b) plan, if the employee/taxpayer is at least age
59 / ; (b) for a Roth IRA conversion if the participant is at least age 59 / ; and (c) 1 2 1 2
to report a distribution from a life insurance, annuity, or endowment contract and
for reporting income from a failed life insurance contract under section 7702(g)
and (h). See Rev. Proc. 2008-42, 2008-29 I.R.B. 160, available at IRS.gov/irb/
2008-29_IRB#RP-2008-42. Generally, use Code 7 if no other code applies. Do
not use Code 7 for a Roth IRA.
Note. Code 1 must be used even if a taxpayer is age 59 / or older and they 1 2
modify a series of substantially equal periodic payments under section 72(q), (t),
or (v) prior to the end of the 5-year period that began with the first payment.
8—Excess contributions plus earnings/excess Use Code 8 for a corrective IRA distribution under section 408(d)(4), unless Code 1, 2, 4, B, J, or K
deferrals (and/or earnings) taxable in 2024. P applies. Also, use this code for corrective distributions of excess deferrals,
excess contributions, and excess aggregate contributions, unless Code P
applies. See Corrective Distributions, earlier, and IRA Revocation or Account
Closure, earlier, for more information.
9—Cost of current life insurance protection. Use Code 9 to report premiums paid by a trustee or custodian for current life or None
other insurance protection. See the instructions for Box 2a. Taxable Amount,
earlier, for more information.
A—May be eligible for 10-year tax option. Use Code A only for participants born before January 2, 1936, or their 4 or 7
beneficiaries to indicate the distribution may be eligible for the 10-year tax option
method of computing the tax on lump-sum distributions (on Form 4972, Tax on
Lump-Sum Distributions). To determine whether the distribution may be eligible
for the tax option, you need not consider whether the recipient used this method
(or capital gain treatment) in the past.
B—Designated Roth account distribution. Use Code B for a distribution from a designated Roth account. But use Code E for 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, G, L, M, P, or U
a section 415 distribution under EPCRS (see Code E) or Code H for a direct
rollover to a Roth IRA.
C—Reportable death benefits under section 6050Y. Use Code C for a distribution to report payments of reportable death benefits. D
D—Annuity payments from nonqualified annuities Use Code D for a distribution from any plan or arrangement not described in 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or C
and distributions from life insurance contracts section 401(a), 403(a), 403(b), 408, 408A, or 457(b).
that may be subject to tax under section 1411.
E—Distributions under Employee Plans See Distributions Under Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System None
Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS). (EPCRS), earlier.
F—Charitable gift annuity. See Charitable gift annuities, earlier. None
G—Direct rollover and direct payment. Use Code G for a direct rollover from a qualified plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a 4, B, or K
governmental section 457(b) plan to an eligible retirement plan (another qualified
plan, a section 403(b) plan, a governmental section 457(b) plan, or an IRA). See
Direct Rollovers, earlier. Also, use Code G for a direct payment from an IRA to an
accepting employer plan, for IRRs that are direct rollovers, and to report
designated Roth nonelective contributions and designated Roth matching
contributions for the year in which the contributions are allocated.
Note. Do not use Code G for a direct rollover from a designated Roth account to a
Roth IRA. Use Code H.
H—Direct rollover of a designated Roth account Use Code H for a direct rollover of a distribution from a designated Roth account 4
distribution to a Roth IRA. to a Roth IRA.
J—Early distribution from a Roth IRA. Use Code J for a distribution from a Roth IRA when Code Q or T does not apply. 8 or P
But use Code 2 for an IRS levy and Code 5 for a prohibited transaction.
K—Distribution of traditional IRA assets not Use Code K to report distributions of IRA assets not having a readily available 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, or G
having a readily available FMV. FMV. These assets may include:
• Stock, other ownership interest in a corporation, short- or long-term debt
obligations, not readily tradable on an established securities market;
• Ownership interest in a limited liability company (LLC), partnership, trust, or
similar entity (unless the interest is traded on an established securities market);
• Real estate;
• Option contracts or similar products not offered for trade on an established
option exchange; or
• Other asset that does not have a readily available FMV.

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Guide to Distribution Codes
Distribution Codes Explanations *Used with code (if
applicable)
L—Loans treated as deemed distributions under Do not use Code L to report a plan loan offset. See Loans Treated as 1, 2, 4, 7, or B
section 72(p). Distributions, earlier.
M—Qualified plan loan offset. Use Code M for a qualified plan loan offset (which is generally a type of plan loan 1, 2, 4, 7, or B
offset due to severance from employment or termination of the plan). See Plan
loan offsets, earlier.
N—Recharacterized IRA contribution made for Use Code N for a recharacterization of an IRA contribution made for 2024 and None
2024. recharacterized in 2024 to another type of IRA by a trustee-to-trustee transfer or
with the same trustee.
P—Excess contributions plus earnings/excess See the explanation for Code 8. The IRS suggests that anyone using Code P for 1, 2, 4, B, or J
deferrals taxable in 2023. the refund of an IRA contribution under section 408(d)(4), including excess Roth
IRA contributions, advise payees, at the time the distribution is made, that the
earnings are taxable in the year in which the contributions were made.
Q—Qualified distribution from a Roth IRA. Use Code Q for a distribution from a Roth IRA if you know that the participant None
meets the 5-year holding period and:
• The participant has reached age 59 / ,1 2
• The participant died, or
• The participant is disabled.
Note. If any other code, such as 8 or P, applies, use Code J.
R—Recharacterized IRA contribution made for Use Code R for a recharacterization of an IRA contribution made for 2023 and None
2023. recharacterized in 2024 to another type of IRA by a trustee-to-trustee transfer or
with the same trustee.
S—Early distribution from a SIMPLE IRA in the Use Code S only if the distribution is from a SIMPLE IRA in the first 2 years, the None
first 2 years, no known exception. employee/taxpayer has not reached age 59 / , and none of the exceptions under 1 2
section 72(t) are known to apply when the distribution is made. The 2-year period
begins on the day contributions are first deposited in the individual's SIMPLE IRA.
Do not use Code S if Code 3 or 4 applies.
T—Roth IRA distribution, exception applies. Use Code T for a distribution from a Roth IRA if you do not know if the 5-year None
holding period has been met but:
• The participant has reached age 59 / ,1 2
• The participant died, or
• The participant is disabled.
Note. If any other code, such as 8 or P, applies, use Code J.
U—Dividends distributed from an ESOP under Use Code U for a distribution of dividends from an employee stock ownership B
section 404(k). plan (ESOP) under section 404(k). These are not eligible rollover distributions.
Note. Do not report dividends paid by the corporation directly to plan participants
or their beneficiaries. Continue to report those dividends on Form 1099-DIV.
W—Charges or payments for purchasing qualified Use Code W for charges or payments for purchasing qualified long-term care 6
long-term care insurance contracts under insurance contracts under combined arrangements that are excludable under
combined arrangements. section 72(e)(11) against the cash value of an annuity contract or the cash
surrender value of a life insurance contract.
*See the first two Cautions for the box 7 instructions, earlier.

You are required to file Form 5498 even if required
Specific Instructions for Form 5498 ! minimum distributions (RMDs) or other annuity or
File Form 5498, IRA Contribution Information, with the IRS by CAUTION periodic payments have started.

May 31, 2025, for each person for whom in 2024 you Report contributions to a Kay Bailey Hutchison Spousal
maintained any individual retirement arrangement (IRA), IRA under section 219(c) on a separate Form 5498 using the
including a deemed IRA under section 408(q). name and TIN of the spouse.
An IRA includes all investments under one IRA plan. It is For contributions made between January 1 and April 15,
not necessary to file a Form 5498 for each investment under 2025, trustees and issuers should obtain the participant's
one plan. For example, if a participant has three certificates designation of the year for which the contributions are made.
of deposit (CDs) under one IRA plan, only one Form 5498 is
required for all contributions and the fair market values Direct rollovers, transfers, and recharacterizations. You
(FMVs) of the CDs under the plan. However, if a participant must report the receipt of a direct rollover from a qualified
has established more than one IRA plan with the same plan, section 403(b) plan, or governmental section 457(b)
trustee, a separate Form 5498 must be filed for each plan. plan to an IRA. Report a direct rollover in box 2. For
information on direct rollovers of eligible rollover distributions,
Contributions. You must report contributions to any IRA on see Direct Rollovers, earlier.
Form 5498. See the instructions under boxes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, If a rollover or trustee-to-trustee transfer is made from a
10, 13a, and 14a, later. If no reportable contributions were savings incentive match plan for employees (SIMPLE) IRA to
made for 2024, complete only boxes 5 and 7, and boxes 11, an IRA that is not a SIMPLE IRA and the trustee has
12a, 12b, 15a, and 15b, if applicable. See Reporting FMV of adequately substantiated information that the participant has
certain specified assets, later. not satisfied the first 2 years of plan participation, report the

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amount as a regular contribution in box 1 even if the amount closed IRA, see IRA Revocation or Account Closure under
exceeds $6,500 ($7,500 for participants 50 or older). the Specific Instructions for Form 1099-R, earlier.
Transfers. Do not report on Form 5498 a Total distribution, no contributions. Generally, if a total
trustee-to-trustee transfer from (a) a traditional IRA or a distribution was made from an account during the year and
simplified employee pension (SEP) IRA to another traditional no contributions, including rollovers, recharacterizations, or
IRA or SEP IRA, or to a SIMPLE IRA after the first 2 years of Roth IRA conversion amounts, were made for that year, you
plan participation; (b) a SIMPLE IRA to another SIMPLE IRA, need not file Form 5498 or furnish the annual statement to
or to a traditional IRA or SEP IRA after the first 2 years of plan reflect that the FMV on December 31 was zero.
participation; or (c) a Roth IRA to another Roth IRA.
Recharacterizations. You must report each RMDs. An IRA (other than a Roth IRA) owner/participant
recharacterization of an IRA contribution. If a participant must begin taking distributions for each calendar year
makes a contribution to an IRA (first IRA) for a year, the beginning with the calendar year in which the participant
participant may choose to recharacterize the contribution by attains age 73 (it was age 72 for participants who attained
transferring, in a trustee-to-trustee transfer, any part of the age 72 before 2022). The distribution for the 73 year old must
contribution (plus earnings) to another IRA (second IRA). The be made no later than April 1 of the following calendar year;
contribution is treated as made to the second IRA RMDs for any other year must be made no later than
(recharacterization). A recharacterization may be made with December 31 of the year. See Public Law (P.L.) 117-328, Div.
the same trustee or with another trustee. The trustee of the T, Title III, section 107.
first IRA must report the amount contributed before the For each IRA you held as of December 31 of the prior
recharacterization as a contribution on Form 5498 and the year, if an RMD is required for the year, you must provide a
recharacterization as a distribution on Form 1099-R. The statement to the IRA participant by January 31 regarding the
trustee of the second IRA must report the amount received RMD using one of two alternative methods described below.
(FMV) in box 4 on Form 5498 and check the type of IRA in You are not required to use the same method for all IRA
box 7. participants; you can use Alternative one for some IRA
All recharacterized contributions received by an IRA in the participants and Alternative two for the rest. Under both
same year must be totaled and reported on one Form 5498 in methods, the statement must inform the participant that you
box 4. You may report the FMV of the account on the same are reporting to the IRS that an RMD is required for the year.
Form 5498 you use to report a recharacterization of an IRA The statement can be provided in conjunction with the
contribution and any other contributions made to the IRA for statement of the FMV.
the year. If the IRA participant is deceased, and the surviving
No recharacterizations of conversions made in 2018 or spouse is the sole beneficiary, special rules apply for RMD
later. A conversion of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, and a reporting. If the surviving spouse elects to treat the IRA as
rollover from any other eligible retirement plan to a Roth IRA, the spouse's own, then report with the surviving spouse as
made in the participant’s tax years beginning after December the owner. However, if the surviving spouse does not elect to
31, 2017, cannot be recharacterized as having been made to treat the IRA as the spouse's own, then you must continue to
a traditional IRA. treat the surviving spouse as the beneficiary. Until further
guidance is issued, no reporting is required for IRAs of
Catch-up contributions. Participants who are age 50 or deceased participants (except where the surviving spouse
older by the end of the year may be eligible to make catch-up elects to treat the IRA as the spouse's own, as described
IRA contributions or catch-up elective deferral contributions. above).
The annual IRA regular contribution limit of $6,500 is
Alternative one. Under this method, include in the
increased to $7,500 for participants age 50 or older.
statement the amount of the RMD with respect to the IRA for
Catch-up elective deferral contributions reported on Form
the calendar year and the date by which the distribution must
5498 may be made under a salary reduction SEP (SARSEP)
be made. The amount may be calculated assuming the sole
or under a SIMPLE IRA plan. For 2024, up to $7,500 in
beneficiary of the IRA is not a spouse more than 10 years
catch-up elective deferral contributions may be made under a
younger than the participant. Use the value of the account as
SARSEP, and up to $3,500 to a SIMPLE IRA plan. For more
of December 31 of the prior year to compute the amount. See
information on catch-up elective deferral contributions, see the instructions for boxes 11. Check if RMD for 2025 12a. ,
Regulations section 1.414(v)-1. RMD Date, and 12b. RMD Amount, later, for how to report.
Include any catch-up amounts when reporting Alternative two. Under this method, the statement
contributions for the year in box 1, 8, 9, or 10, or for a prior informs the participant that a minimum distribution with
year in box 13a. respect to the IRA is required for the calendar year and the
Roth IRA conversions. You must report the receipt of a date by which such amount must be distributed. You must
conversion from an IRA to a Roth IRA even if the conversion include an offer to furnish the participant with a calculation of
is with the same trustee. Report the total amount converted the amount of the RMD if requested by the participant.
from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA Electronic filing. These statements may be furnished
in box 3. electronically using the procedures described in part F of the
current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.
IRA revocation or account closure. If a traditional IRA,
Reporting to the IRS. If an RMD is required, check
Roth IRA, or SIMPLE IRA is revoked during its first 7 days
box 11. See Box 11. Check if RMD for 2025, later. For
(under Regulations section 1.408-6(d)(4)(ii)) or closed at any
example, box 11 is checked on the Form 5498 for a 2025
time by the IRA trustee pursuant to its resignation or such
RMD. You are not required to report to the IRS the amount or
other event mandating the closure of the account, Form 5498
the date by which the distribution must be made. However,
must be filed to report any regular, rollover, IRA conversion,
see the Caution following the box 11 instructions, later, for
SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA contributions to the IRA. For
reporting RMDs to participants.
information about reporting a distribution from a revoked or

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For more details, see Notice 2002-27 on page 814 of For more information about the reporting requirements for
I.R.B. 2002-18 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb02-18.pdf, as inherited IRAs, see Rev. Proc. 89-52, 1989-2 C.B. 632.
clarified by Notice 2003-3 on page 258 of I.R.B. 2003-2 at
Disaster relief reporting. Special rules apply to tax-favored
IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb03-02.pdf.
withdrawals, income inclusion, and repayments for
Inherited IRAs. In the year an IRA participant dies, you, as individuals who suffered economic losses as a result of
an IRA trustee or issuer, must generally file a Form 5498 and certain major disasters. See Disaster-Related Relief in Pub.
furnish an annual statement for the decedent and a Form 590-B, for more information.
5498 and an annual statement for each nonspouse For information about disaster relief available in your area,
beneficiary. An IRA holder must be able to identify the source including postponements, go to IRS News Around the Nation.
of each IRA they hold for purposes of figuring the taxation of
a distribution from an IRA. Thus, the decedent's name must See the instructions for boxes 13a through 13c for
be shown on the beneficiary's Form 5498 and annual reporting postponed contributions, later.
statement. For example, you may enter “Brian Willow as Special reporting for U.S. Armed Forces in designated
beneficiary of Joan Maple” or something similar that signifies combat zones. A participant who is serving in, or in support
that the IRA was once owned by Joan Maple. You may of, the Armed Forces in a designated combat zone or
abbreviate the word “beneficiary” as, for example, “bene.” qualified hazardous duty area has an additional period after
For a spouse beneficiary, unless the spouse makes the the normal contribution due date of April 15 to make IRA
IRA their own, treat the spouse as a nonspouse beneficiary contributions for a prior year. The period is the time the
for reporting purposes. If the spouse makes the IRA their participant was in the designated zone or area plus at least
own, do not report the beneficiary designation on Form 5498 180 days. The participant must designate the IRA
and the annual statement. contribution for a prior year to claim it as a deduction on the
income tax return.
An IRA set up to receive a direct rollover for a nonspouse
designated beneficiary is treated as an inherited IRA. Under section 219(f), combat zone compensation that is
FMV. On the decedent's Form 5498 and annual statement, excluded from gross income under section 112 is treated as
you must enter the FMV of the IRA on the date of death in includible compensation for purposes of determining IRA
box 5. Or you may choose the alternate reporting method and contributions.
report the FMV as of the end of the year in which the A qualifying participant is:
decedent died. This alternate value will usually be zero • Serving or has served in a combat zone;
because you will be reporting the end-of-year valuation on • Serving or has served in a qualifying hazardous duty area;
the beneficiary's Form 5498 and annual statement. The same or
figure should not be shown on both the beneficiary's and • Serving or has served in an active direct support area.
decedent's forms. If you choose to report using the alternate If a qualifying participant designates an IRA contribution
method, you must inform the executor or administrator of the for a prior year, other than an IRA contribution made by April
decedent's estate of their right to request a date-of-death 15 for the preceding year, you must report the type of IRA
valuation. (box 7) and the amount on Form 5498. Report the amount
On the beneficiary's Form 5498 and annual statement, the either for (1) the year for which the contribution was made, or
FMV of that beneficiary's share of the IRA as of the end of the (2) a subsequent year. See the instructions for boxes 13a,
year must be shown in box 5. Every year thereafter that the 13b, and 13c, later.
IRA exists, you must file Form 5498 and furnish an annual 1. If you report a contribution for 2024 made before April
statement for each beneficiary who has not received a total 15, 2025, no special reporting is required. Include the
distribution of their share of the IRA showing the FMV at the contribution in box 1 or 10 of an original Form 5498 or of a
end of the year and identifying the IRA, as described above. corrected Form 5498 if an original was previously filed.
However, if a beneficiary takes a total distribution of their 2. If you report the contribution on Form 5498 in a
share of the IRA in the year of death, you need not file a Form subsequent year, you must include the year for which the
5498 or furnish an annual statement for that beneficiary, but contribution was made, the amount of the contribution, and
you must still file Form 5498 for the decedent. one of the following indicators.
If you have no knowledge of the death of an IRA a. Use “EO13239” for Afghanistan and those countries in
participant until after you are required to file Form 5498 (May direct support, including Djibouti, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan,
31, 2025), you are not required to file a corrected Form 5498 Pakistan, Somalia, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Yemen.
or furnish a corrected annual statement. However, you must
b. Use “EO12744” for the Arabian Peninsula, including air
still provide the date-of-death valuation in a timely manner to
space and adjacent waters (the Persian Gulf; the Red Sea;
the executor or administrator upon request.
the Gulf of Oman, the Gulf of Aden; the portion of the Arabian
In the case of successor beneficiaries, apply the Sea that lies north of 10 degrees north latitude and west of 68
preceding rules by treating the prior beneficiary as the degrees east longitude; the total land areas of Iraq, Kuwait,
decedent and the successor beneficiary as the beneficiary. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab
Using the example above (Brian Willow as beneficiary of Emirates; Lebanon, and Turkey east of longitude 33.51E),
Joan Maple), when that account passes to Brian's successor and Jordan, which is in direct support of the Arabian
beneficiary, Maurice Poplar, Form 5498 and the annual Peninsula.
statement for Maurice should state “Maurice Poplar as
c. Use “EO13119” or “P.L.106-21” for the Federal
beneficiary of Brian Willow.” The final Form 5498 and annual
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Albania,
statement for Brian Willow will state “Brian Willow as
Kosovo, the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea north of the
beneficiary of Joan Maple” and will show the FMV as of the
39th parallel. (Note. The combat zone designation for
date of Brian's death or year-end valuation, depending on the
Montenegro and Kosovo (previously a province within Serbia)
method chosen.
under Executive Order 13119 remains in force even though

20 Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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Montenegro and Kosovo became independent nations since Reporting FMV of certain specified assets. Assets held
EO13119 was signed.) in an IRA that are not readily tradable on an established
d. Use “P.L.115-97” for the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. securities market or option exchange, or that do not have a
readily available FMV, must be reported at the FMV
For additions to, or subtractions from, the list of determined as of December 31, 2024. See the instructions
! combat zones or qualified hazardous duty areas for boxes 15a and 15b, later.
CAUTION implemented by executive orders and public laws,
and direct support areas designated by the Secretary of Corrected Form 5498. If you file a Form 5498 with the IRS
Defense, after the publication date of these instructions, go to and later discover that there is an error on it, you must correct
IRS.gov/Form5498. it as soon as possible. See part H in the current General
Instructions for Certain Information Returns, or Pub. 1220, if
Example. For a $4,000 IRA contribution designated by a filing electronically. For example, if you reported contributions
participant who served under EO13239 for the tax year 2023, as rollover contributions in box 2, and you later discover that
enter “4000” in box 13a, “2023” in box 13b, and “EO13239” in part of the contribution was not eligible to be rolled over and
box 13c only. Make no entry in box 1 or box 10. was, therefore, a regular contribution that should have been
Repayment of qualified reservist distributions. Report reported in box 1 (even if the amount exceeds the regular
any repayment of a qualified reservist distribution as contribution limit), you must file a corrected Form 5498.
described in section 72(t)(2)(G) in boxes 14a (amount) and
14b (with indicator code “QR”). Statements to participants. If you are required to file Form
Repayment of qualified disaster distributions. Report 5498, you must provide a statement to the participant. By
any repayment of a qualified disaster distribution, as January 31, 2025, you must provide participants with a
described in applicable disaster legislation, in boxes 14a statement of the December 31, 2024, value of the
(amount) and 14b (with indicator code “DD”). participant's account (including information required to be
Repayment of qualified birth or adoption reported in boxes 15a and 15b for hard-to-value assets) and
distributions. Report any repayment of a qualified birth or RMD, if applicable. Trustees of SIMPLE IRAs must also
adoption distribution as described in section 72(t)(2)(H) in provide a statement of the account activity by January 31,
boxes 14a (amount) and 14b (with indicator code "BA"). 2025. Contribution information for all other types of IRAs
must be provided by May 31, 2025. You are not required to
Repayment of emergency personal expense provide information to the IRS or to participants as to whether
distributions. Report any repayment of an emergency a contribution is deductible or nondeductible. In addition, the
personal expense distribution as described in section 72(t)(2) participant is not required to tell you whether a contribution is
(I) in boxes 14a (amount) and 14b (with indicator code "EP"). deductible or nondeductible.
Repayment of eligible distributions to a domestic
abuse victim. Report any repayment of an eligible If you furnished a statement of the FMV of the account
distribution to a domestic abuse victim as described in (including information required to be reported in boxes 15a
section 72(t)(2)(K) in boxes 14a (amount) and 14b (with and 15b for hard-to-value assets) and RMD, if applicable, to
indicator code "DA"). the participant by January 31, 2025, and no reportable
Repayment of terminally ill individual distributions. contributions, including rollovers, recharacterizations, or Roth
Report any repayment of a terminally ill individual distribution IRA conversions, were made for 2024, you need not furnish
as described in section 72(t)(2)(L) in boxes 14a (amount) and another statement (or Form 5498) to the participant to report
14b (with indicator code "TI"). zero contributions. However, you must file Form 5498 with the
IRS by May 31, 2025, to report the December 31, 2024, FMV
Military death gratuities and servicemembers' group of the account and the FMV of hard-to-value assets. This rule
life insurance (SGLI) payments. Recipients of military also applies to beneficiary accounts under the inherited IRA
death gratuities and SGLI payments may contribute amounts rules, earlier. For more information about the requirement to
received to a Roth IRA, up to the amount of the gratuity or furnish statements to participants, see part M in the current
SGLI payment less any amounts contributed to Coverdell General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.
ESAs. Report the amount of the rollover contribution in box 2
only. See section 408A(e)(2), and Notice 2010-15, 2010-06 If you do not furnish another statement to the
I.R.B. 390, available at IRS.gov/irb/ ! participant because no reportable contributions were
2010-06_IRB#NOT-2010-15, for more information on CAUTION made for the year, the statement of the FMV of the
limitations. account must contain a legend designating which information
Electronic filers. You may request an automatic waiver is being filed with the IRS.
from filing Forms 5498 electronically for combat zone
participants by submitting Form 8508, Request for Waiver Truncating participant's TIN on payee statements.
From Filing Information Returns Electronically. Once you Pursuant to Regulations section 301.6109-4, all filers of Form
have received the waiver, you may report all Forms 5498 for 5498 may truncate a participant’s TIN (social security number
combat zone participants on paper. Alternatively, you may (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN),
report contributions made by the normal contribution due adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer
date electronically and report the contributions made after identification number (EIN)) on payee statements. Truncation
the normal contribution due date on paper. You may also is not allowed on any documents the filer files with the IRS. A
report prior year contributions by combat zone participants trustee's or issuer's TIN may not be truncated on any form.
on a corrected Form 5498 electronically or on paper. See part J in the current General Instructions for Certain
Information Returns.
See part F in the current General Instructions for Certain
Information Returns for information on how to request a Account Number
waiver on Form 8508.
The account number is required if you have multiple accounts
for a recipient for whom you are filing more than one Form

Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024) 21

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5498. Additionally, the IRS encourages you to designate an • Terminally ill individual distributions.
account number for all Forms 5498 that you file. See part L in • Eligible distributions to domestic abuse victims.
the current General Instructions for Certain Information See the instructions for boxes 13a through 13c 14a, , and
Returns. 14b, later.

Box 1. IRA Contributions (Other Than Amounts Box 3. Roth IRA Conversion Amount
in Boxes 2–4, 8–10, 13a, and 14a) Enter the amount converted from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA,
Enter contributions to a traditional IRA made in 2024 and or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA during 2024. Do not include a
through April 15, 2025, designated for 2024. rollover from one Roth IRA to another Roth IRA, or a qualified
rollover contribution under section 408A(e) from an eligible
Report gross contributions, including the amount allocable retirement plan (other than an IRA) to a Roth IRA. These
to the cost of life insurance (see Box 6. Life Insurance Cost rollovers are reported in box 2.
Included in Box 1, later) and including any excess
contributions, even if the excess contributions were Box 4. Recharacterized Contributions
withdrawn. If an excess contribution is treated as a Enter any amounts recharacterized plus earnings from one
contribution in a subsequent year under section 219(f)(6), do type of IRA to another.
not report it on Form 5498 for the subsequent year. It has
already been reported as a contribution on Form 5498 for the Box 5. FMV of Account
year it was actually contributed.
Enter the FMV of the account on December 31, 2024. For
Also include employer contributions to an IRA that are not inherited IRAs, see Inherited IRAs, earlier.
made pursuant to a SEP arrangement (which include
employer contributions that are nominally under a SEP Trustees and custodians are responsible for ensuring
arrangement but that exceed the definite written allocation ! that all IRA assets (including those not traded on
formula of the SEP arrangement). Such contributions are CAUTION established markets or not having a readily
contributions made by the employee, not by the employer, determinable market value) are valued annually at their FMV.
that are treated as regular IRA contributions subject to the
100% of compensation and $6,500 ($7,500 for participants Box 6. Life Insurance Cost Included in Box 1
age 50 or older) limits of section 219. Do not include For endowment contracts only, enter the amount included in
employer SEP IRA contributions or SARSEP contributions box 1 allocable to the cost of life insurance.
under section 408(k)(6). Instead, include them in box 8.
Also, do not include in box 1 employer contributions, Box 7. Checkboxes
including salary deferrals, to a SIMPLE IRA (report them in Check the appropriate box.
box 9) and a Roth IRA (report them in box 10). In addition, do IRA. Check “IRA” if you are filing Form 5498 to report
not include in box 1 rollovers and recharacterizations (report information about a traditional IRA account.
rollovers in box 2 and recharacterizations in box 4), or a Roth
IRA conversion amount (report in box 3). SEP. Check “SEP” if you are filing Form 5498 to report
information about a SEP IRA. If you do not know whether the
Box 2. Rollover Contributions account is a SEP IRA, check the “IRA” box.
Enter any rollover contributions (or contributions treated as SIMPLE. Check “SIMPLE” if you are filing Form 5498 to
rollovers) to any IRA received by you during 2024. These report information about a SIMPLE IRA account. Do not file
contributions may be any of the following. Form 5498 for a SIMPLE 401(k) plan.
• A 60-day rollover between Roth IRAs or between other
types of IRAs. Roth IRA. Check “Roth IRA” if you are filing Form 5498 to
• A direct or indirect (within 60 days) rollover from a qualified report information about a Roth IRA account.
plan, section 403(b) plan, or governmental section 457(b) Roth SEP IRA. Check both “SEP” and “Roth IRA” if you are
plan. filing Form 5498 to report information about a Roth SEP IRA.
• Any qualified rollover contribution, as defined in section
Roth SIMPLE IRA. Check both “SIMPLE” and “Roth IRA” if
408A(e) from an eligible retirement plan (other than an IRA)
you are filing Form 5498 to report information about a Roth
to a Roth IRA.
SIMPLE IRA.
• A military death gratuity.
• An SGLI payment. Box 8. SEP Contributions
For the rollover of property, enter the FMV of the property Enter employer contributions made to a SEP IRA (including
on the date you receive it. This value may be different from salary deferrals under a SARSEP) during 2024, including
the value of the property on the date it was distributed to the contributions made in 2024 for 2023, but not including
participant. contributions made in 2025 for 2024. Trustees and issuers
For more details, see Pub. 590-A. are not responsible for reporting the year for which SEP
contributions are made. Do not enter employer contributions
Note. Do not use box 2 for late rollover contributions, to an IRA that are not made pursuant to a SEP arrangement
including rollovers of qualified plan loan offset amounts after (which include employer contributions that are nominally
60 days or any of the following repayments made after 60 under a SEP arrangement but that exceed the definite written
days. allocation formula of the SEP arrangement). Report any
• Qualified reservist distributions. employer contributions to an IRA that are not made pursuant
• Qualified disaster distributions. to a SEP arrangement in box 1. Include in box 8 SEP
• Qualified birth or adoption distributions. contributions made by a self-employed person to their own
• Emergency personal expense distributions.

22 Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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account. Also, include in box 8 contributions to a Roth SEP contribution, use a separate Form 5498 to report a late
IRA. rollover.

Box 9. SIMPLE Contributions Box 13b. Year
Enter employer contributions, including salary deferrals, Enter the year for which the postponed contribution in
made to a SIMPLE IRA during 2024, including contributions box 13a was made. Leave this box blank for late rollover
made in 2024 for 2023, but not including contributions made contributions and rollovers of qualified plan loan offset
in 2025 for 2024. Trustees and issuers are not responsible for amounts.
reporting the year for which SIMPLE contributions are made.
Do not include contributions to a SIMPLE 401(k) plan. Also, Box 13c. Code
include in box 9 contributions to a Roth SIMPLE IRA. Enter the reason the participant made the postponed
contribution.
Box 10. Roth IRA Contributions • For participants' service in a combat zone, hazardous duty
Enter any contributions made to a Roth IRA in 2024 and area, or direct support area, enter the appropriate executive
through April 15, 2025, designated for 2024. Also enter a order or public law, as defined under Special reporting for
rollover contribution to a Roth IRA from a long-term section U.S. Armed Forces in designated combat zones, earlier.
529 qualified tuition program that was made after December • For participants who are “affected taxpayers,” as described
31, 2023, and on or before April 15, 2025, that is designated in an IRS News Release relating to a federally designated
for 2024. However, report Roth IRA conversion amounts in disaster area, enter “FD.” (For a repayment of a qualified
box 3. Report a qualified rollover contribution made under disaster distribution, use boxes 14a and 14b.)
section 408A(e) from an eligible retirement plan (other than • For participants who are making a rollover of a qualified
an IRA) to a Roth IRA in box 2. Do not include in box 10 plan loan offset amount, enter “PO.” See the discussion of
contributions to a Roth SEP IRA or Roth SIMPLE IRA. qualified plan loan offsets in the second paragraph under
Plan Loan Offsets in the Form 1099-R instructions, earlier.
Also, report qualified rollover contributions made under For participants who have certified that the rollover
•
section 529(c)(E) from a qualified tuition plan (QTP) to a Roth contribution is late because of one or more of the
IRA maintained for the benefit of the QTP beneficiary. circumstances listed in section 3.02(2) of Rev. Proc. 2020-46,
enter “SC.”
Box 11. Check if RMD for 2025
Check the box if the participant must take an RMD for 2025. Box 14a. Repayments
You are required to check the box for the year in which the Enter the amount of any repayment of a qualified reservist
IRA participant reaches age 73 even though the RMD for that distribution, a qualified disaster distribution, a qualified birth
year need not be made until April 1 of the following year. or adoption distribution, an emergency personal expense
Then, check the box for each subsequent year an RMD is distribution, a terminally ill individual distribution, or an
required to be made. eligible distribution to a domestic abuse victim.
Boxes 12a and 12b are provided for your use to
Box 14b. Code
! report RMD dates and amounts to participants. You
CAUTION may choose to complete these boxes, or continue to Enter repayment code:
provide a separate Form 5498, or a separate statement, to • “QR” for qualified reservist distribution,
report the information required by Alternative one or • “DD” for qualified disaster distribution,
Alternative two, earlier. To determine the RMD, see the • “BA” for qualified birth or adoption distribution,
regulations under sections 401(a)(9) and 408(a)(6) and (b) • “EP” for emergency personal expense distribution,
(3). • “TI” for terminally ill individual distribution, and
• “DA” for eligible distribution to a domestic abuse victim.
Box 12a. RMD Date
Box 15a. FMV of Certain Specified Assets
Enter the RMD date if you are using Form 5498 to report the
additional information. See RMDs, earlier. Enter the FMV of the investments in the IRA that are
specified in the categories identified below.
Box 12b. RMD Amount
Box 15b. Code(s)
Enter the RMD amount if you are using Form 5498 to report
the additional information under Alternative one. See Enter the code for the type(s) of investments held in the IRA
Alternative one, earlier. for which the FMV is reported in box 15a. A maximum of two
codes can be entered in box 15b. If more than two codes
Box 13a. Postponed/late contrib. apply, enter Code H.
Report the amount of any postponed contribution made in • A—Stock or other ownership interest in a corporation that
is not readily tradable on an established securities market.
2024 for a prior year. If contributions were made for more
than 1 prior year, each prior year's postponed contribution • B—Short- or long-term debt obligation that is not traded on
an established securities market.
must be reported on a separate form. Report the amount of a
late rollover contribution made during 2024, including • C—Ownership interest in a limited liability company or
similar entity (unless the interest is traded on an established
rollovers that are (1) certified by participants, (2) qualified
securities market).
plan loan offsets, and (3) related to taxpayers for federally
declared disasters. See Rev. Proc. 2020-46, 2020-45 I.R.B. • D—Real estate.
995, available at IRS.gov/irb/2020-45_IRB#REV- • E—Ownership interest in a partnership, trust, or similar
entity (unless the interest is traded on an established
PROC-2020-46. If the participant also has a postponed
securities market).

Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024) 23

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• F—Option contract or similar product that is not offered for • H—More than two types of assets (listed in A through G) 
trade on an established option exchange.                       are held in this IRA.
• G—Other asset that does not have a readily available 
FMV.

24                                                               Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)

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Index
 
                                                    Federal income tax withholding     13
A                                                   Form 1099-R    2                              R
Account closure, IRA  4 19,                         Form 5498 18                                  Recharacterized IRA contributions       7, 
Alternate payee under QDRO        9                 Form 945 13                                    10 13 18, , 
Annuity distributions 2 16-                                                                       Reportable death benefits    2
Automatic contribution                              G                                             Required minimum distribution       19 23, 
  arrangements      7                               Guide to Distribution Codes       16 18-      Retirement payments   2 16-
Automatic rollovers   5 6,                                                                        Revocation, IRA 4 19, 
                                                    I                                             RMD 19 23, 
B                                                   In-plan Roth rollover (IRR)  3 10 15, ,       RMD amount   23
Beneficiaries 9                                     Inherited IRAs 20 22,                         RMD date  23
                                                    Insurance contracts    2 14,                  Rollovers 5 7 9 11 13 14 18 19 22- ,  - , , , , , 
C                                                   Involuntary distributions    5 6,             Roth IRA contributions  19 22, 
Charitable gift annuities  11                       IRA contributions  18                         Roth IRA conversions   4 7 12 13 19,  , , ,       , 
                                                                                                   22
Combat zones, designated        20                  IRA distributions 2 3 15 16,  , , 
                                                                                                  Roth IRA distributions 4 12 13, , 
Corrected Form 1099-R      9                        IRA recharacterizations   3 7 11 13,  , , , 
Corrected Form 5498   21                              18 19 22, , 
Corrective distributions   7                        IRA revocation   4 19,                        S
Cost of current life insurance                                                                    Section 1035 exchange    3 7 10,  , 
  protection  11                                    L                                             Section 402(f) notice 6
                                                    Late rollovers 23                             Section 404(k) dividends  2
D                                                   Life insurance contract                       SEP contributions 4 12 18 22, , , 
Death benefit payments     10                         distributions  3                            SEP distributions 4 12 14, , 
Deemed IRAs   3                                     Loans treated as distributions    5 8,        Servicemembers' Group Life 
Designated Roth account,                            Losses, retirement distributions       8 12,   Insurance (SGLI) payments        21
                                                                                                  SIMPLE contributions   18 22 23, , 
  contributions     3
Designated Roth account, direct                     M                                             SIMPLE distributions  4 7 12 14,  , , 
                                                                                                  State and local information  16
  rollover    5 6,                                  Military death gratuities 21                  Statements to recipients/
Designated Roth account,                            Military retirement 2                          participants  10
  distributions     10 11 15, , 
Direct rollovers    5 7 9 11 13 14 17- ,  , , , , , N                                             T
  18 22, 
Disaster relief reporting  20                       Net unrealized appreciation       5 12 14, -  Taxable amount, retirement 
Disclaimer of an IRA  9                             Nonperiodic distributions    13                distributions 11
Distributions under EPCRS       8                   Nonqualified plan distributions   2           Transfers:
DVECs  4                                            Nonresident aliens  10                         Form 1099-R   7
                                                                                                   Form 5498   18
E                                                   P
Eligible rollover distribution  5 13 14, ,          Pension distributions  2 16-                  U
Employee contributions, retirement                  Periodic payments   13                        U.S. Armed Forces, special 
  plan 14 15,                                       Permissible withdrawals under                  reporting   20
Employer securities, distributions      8,            section 414(w)   9
  10 12 14, -                                       Postponed contribution    23                  W
Endowment contracts     3 22,                       Profit-sharing distributions 2 16-            Withholding  13
Excess deferrals, excess                                                                           Federal income tax 13
  contributions, corrective                         Q
  distributions of   7
                                                    QDRO 5 7 9,  , 
                                                    Qualified HSA funding distributions          2
F
                                                    Qualified plan distributions      2 16-
Failing ADP or ACP test,                            Qualified rollover contributions  6 22, 
  corrections      8

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