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                                                                                                                Department of the Treasury
                                                                                                                Internal Revenue Service
Instructions for Form 1040-X

(Rev. February 2024)
Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return
(Use With the February 2024 Revision of Form 1040-X)

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless                  Contents                                                              Page
otherwise noted.                                                                     Line 23—Overpayment Applied to 
Contents                                                              Page              Estimated Tax     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Future Developments     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1 Part I—Dependents     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
What’s New  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part II—Direct Deposit (for E-Filed Form 1040-X 
Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   10
General Instructions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2 Explanation of Changes (Part II for Paper-Filed 
                                                                            Form 1040-X or Part III for E-Filed Form 
Purpose of Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         2
                                                                            1040-X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     10
Which Revision To Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .             2
                                                                            Sign Your Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
Interest and Penalties        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
                                                                            Paid Preparer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
When To File      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
                                                                            Assembling Your Return      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   11
Special Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        4
                                                                            Where To File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Tracking Your Amended Return                . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
                                                                            Paperwork Reduction Act Notice          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   11
Specific Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
Calendar or Fiscal Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           5
                                                                            Future Developments
Name, Current Address, and Social Security 
                                                                            For the latest information about developments related to Form 
Number (SSN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .              5 1040-X and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after 
Presidential Election Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                5 they were published, go to IRS.gov/Form1040X.
Amended Return Filing Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                5
Lines 1 Through 30—Which Lines To                                           What’s New
Complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .          6 Certain 2020 tax returns.   The lookback period for certain 
Columns A Through C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .             6 2020 individual income tax returns filed after April 15, 2021, has 
Income and Deductions             . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7 been extended. See Postponed 2020 individual income tax 
                                                                            returns, later.
Line 1—Adjusted Gross Income                      . . . . . . . . . . .   7
Line 2—Itemized Deductions or Standard                                      Line 5.  Line 5, later, clarifies that, when the result for column C 
                                                                            is zero or less, filers must enter -0- in column C. However, the 
            Deduction   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7 amounts in columns A and B can be less than zero.
Line 4b—Qualified Business Income 
            Deduction   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7 Line 19. Line 19, later, corrects how to figure the line 20 amount 
                                                                            when line 18 is larger than line 17.
Line 5—Taxable Income                   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
Tax Liability    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8 IP PIN.  Boxes for IP PIN have been added to Form 1040-X. See 
                                                                            Identity Protection Personal Identification Number (IP PIN), later.
Line 6—Tax            . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
                                                                            Qualifying surviving spouse.      Qualifying surviving spouse 
Line 7—Nonrefundable Credits                      . . . . . . . . . . .   8 replaces qualifying widow(er). See Changing to married filing 
Line 10—Other Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                   8 separately or qualifying surviving spouse filing status, later.
Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      8 Presidential Election Campaign.         A new box has been added 
Line 12—Withholding                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8 to page 1 of Form 1040-X for the Presidential Election Campaign 
Line 13—Estimated Tax Payments . . . . . . . . .                          8 Fund option. See Presidential Election Campaign under Specific 
Line 14—Earned Income Credit (EIC)                        . . . . . . .   8 Instructions, later. Part II of Form 1040-X and these instructions 
                                                                            no longer contain information on this fund.
Line 15—Refundable Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . .                      8
Line 16—Amount Paid With Extension or                                       Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA) changes.                Two new 
                                                                            sections have been added: Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA) 
            Tax Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    9 Partner Modification Amended Return and BBA Partner 
Line 17—Total Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                    9 non-income tax changes reported on Form 8986, later.
Refund or Amount You Owe              . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
Line 18—Overpayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                     9 Reminders
Line 19—Amount Available To Pay                                             Direct deposit now available for electronically filed Form 
            Additional Tax  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9 1040-X.  Beginning in February 2023, filers who electronically 
Line 20—Amount You Owe                      . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9 file tax year 2021 or later Form(s) 1040-X can request to receive 
                                                                            their refunds by direct deposit into either a checking or savings 
Line 22—Overpayment Received as                                             account. See Part II—Direct Deposit (for E-Filed Form 1040-X 
            Refund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9 Only), later, for more information.

Feb 9, 2024                                                           Cat. No. 11362H



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Amending Form 1040-NR.          When electronically filing Form    Purpose of Form
1040-X to amend a Form 1040-NR, complete Form 1040-X in its        Use Form 1040-X to do the following.
entirety. For details on amending Form 1040-NR by paper filing       Correct Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR.
Form 1040-X, see Resident and nonresident aliens, later.           
                                                                   Make certain elections after the prescribed deadline (see 
Continuous-use form and instructions.      Form 1040-X and its     Regulations sections 301.9100-1 through -3 for details).
instructions were converted from an annual revision to             Change amounts previously adjusted by the IRS. However, 
continuous use in tax year 2021. The form and instructions will    don’t include any interest or penalties on Form 1040-X; they will 
each be updated as required. For the most recent version, go to    be adjusted accordingly.
IRS.gov/Form1040X. Section discussions and charts that were        Make a claim for a carryback due to a loss or unused credit. 
updated annually have been removed, or replaced with               However, you may be able to use Form 1045, Application for 
references to relevant forms, schedules, instructions, and         Tentative Refund, instead of Form 1040-X. For more information, 
publications. See the forms, schedules, instructions, and          see Loss or credit carryback under When To File, later, and the 
publications for the year of the tax return you are amending for   discussion on carryback claims under Special Situations, later.
guidance on specific topics.
                                                                     File a separate Form 1040-X for each year you are amending. 
Electronic filing available for Form 1040-X.  You can file Form    If you are changing your federal return, you may also need to 
1040-X electronically with tax filing software to amend Forms      change your state return.
1040, 1040-SR, and 1040-NR. Go to IRS.gov/Filing/Amended-
Return-Frequently-Asked-Questions for more information.            Resident and nonresident aliens.    Use Form 1040-X to 
                                                                   amend Form 1040-NR. Also use Form 1040-X if you should have 
       Use these instructions with both the paper-filed Form       filed Form 1040 instead of Form 1040-NR, or vice versa.
TIP    1040-X and the electronically filed Form 1040-X.              If you are filing Form 1040-X by paper to amend Form 
                                                                   1040-NR, or to file the correct return, do the following.
Extended time to file a claim for refund or credit.    Under       Enter your name, current address, and social security number 
certain circumstances, you may have additional time to file an     (SSN) or individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN) on the 
amended return to claim a refund or credit. For details, see       front of Form 1040-X.
Federally declared disasters and Combat zones and                  Don’t enter any other information on page 1. Also don’t 
contingency operations, later.                                     complete Part I on page 2 of Form 1040-X.
                                                                   Enter in Explanation of Changes the reason you are filing 
                                                                   Form 1040-X.
General Instructions                                               Complete a new or corrected return (Form 1040, 1040-SR, 
                                                                   1040-NR, etc.).
If you discover an error after filing your return, you may need to Across the top of the new or corrected return, write 
amend your return. Use Form 1040-X to correct a previously filed   “Amended.”
Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, or to change amounts               Attach the new or corrected return to the back of Form 
previously adjusted by the IRS. You can also use Form 1040-X to    1040-X.
make a claim for a carryback due to a loss or unused credit or 
make certain elections after the deadline.                                  The above instructions apply to paper filing only. If you 
                                                                            are electronically filing Form 1040-X to amend Form 
       Many find the easiest way to figure the entries for Form    CAUTION! 1040-NR, you must complete the Form 1040-X in its 
TIP    1040-X is to first make the changes in the margin of the    entirety.
       return they are amending.
                                                                            If you file Form 1040-X claiming a refund or credit for 
Completing Form 1040-X.     On Form 1040-X, enter your               !      more than the correct amount, you may be subject to a 
income, deductions, and credits from your return as originally     CAUTION  penalty of 20% of the disallowed amount. See Penalty 
filed or as previously adjusted by either you or the IRS, the      for erroneous claim for refund or credit under Interest and 
changes you are making, and the corrected amounts. Then,           Penalties, later.
figure the tax on the corrected amount of taxable income and the 
amount you owe or your refund. File a separate Form 1040-X for       Don’t file Form 1040-X if you are requesting only a refund of 
each tax year you are amending.                                    penalties and interest or an addition to tax that you have already 
To complete Form 1040-X, you will need:                            paid. Instead, file Form 843, Claim for Refund and Request for 
Form 1040-X and these separate instructions;                     Abatement.
A copy of the return you are amending (for example, 2022 
Form 1040), including supporting forms, schedules, and any           Don’t file Form 1040-X to request a refund of your share of a 
worksheets you completed;                                          joint overpayment that was offset against a past-due obligation 
Additional supporting forms and schedules, and any               of your spouse. Instead, file Form 8379, Injured Spouse 
worksheets for the return you are amending that you will need to   Allocation. But if you are filing Form 1040-X to request an 
complete to show your changes;                                     additional refund after filing Form 8379, see Injured spouse claim 
If applicable, a new Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR for the      under Special Situations, later.
return you are amending (see Resident and nonresident aliens 
                                                                   Which Revision To Use
below);
Notices from the IRS on any adjustments to that return; and      Use these instructions with both the paper-filed Form 1040-X 
Instructions for the return you are amending. If you don't have  and the electronically filed Form 1040-X.
the instructions, you can find them online at IRS.gov/Forms. To 
obtain the instructions for a prior year return, go to IRS.gov/    Interest and Penalties
Forms and click on the link for prior year instructions under      Interest. The IRS will charge you interest on taxes not paid by 
“Other Options.” You can also order paper copies of the            their due date, even if you had an extension of time to file. The 
instructions for your return at IRS.gov/OrderForms or by calling   IRS will also charge you interest on penalties imposed for failure 
800-829-3676.                                                      to file, negligence, fraud, substantial valuation misstatements, 
                                                                   substantial understatements of income tax, and reportable 

2                                                                            Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)



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transaction understatements. Interest is charged on the penalty      For the following affected taxpayers, Notice 2023-21 
from the due date of the return (including extensions).              increases the lookback period when amending 2020 returns to 
                                                                     claim a credit or refund of taxes. Affected taxpayers are 
Penalty for late payment of tax. If you don’t pay the additional 
                                                                     individual taxpayers whose returns were due on April 15, 2021, 
tax due on Form 1040-X within 21 calendar days from the date of 
                                                                     and who did not receive a filing extension. An affected taxpayer 
notice and demand for payment (10 business days from that 
                                                                     who filed their 2020 return after April 15, 2021, but on or before 
date if the amount of tax is $100,000 or more), the penalty is 
usually  /  of 1% of the unpaid amount for each month or part of 1 2 May 17, 2021, because of the postponement provided by Notice 
                                                                     2021-21 may be refunded all income tax payments for 2020 if 
a month the tax isn’t paid. The penalty can be as much as 25% 
                                                                     they file their claim for refund within 3 years of the date they filed 
of the unpaid amount and applies to any unpaid tax on the 
                                                                     their original return. An affected taxpayer who filed their 2020 
return. This penalty is in addition to interest charges on late 
                                                                     return after May 17, 2021, may be refunded all income tax 
payments. You won’t have to pay the penalty if you can show 
                                                                     payments for 2020 if they file their claim for refund by Friday, May 
reasonable cause for not paying your tax on time.
                                                                     17, 2024.
Penalty for erroneous claim for refund or credit. If you file a      The additional time, provided in Notice 2023-21, to file an 
claim for refund or credit in excess of the correct amount, you      amended return is automatic. Taxpayers do not need to contact 
may have to pay a penalty equal to 20% of the disallowed             the IRS, file any form, or send letters or other documents to 
amount, unless you had reasonable cause for the claim. The           receive this relief.
penalty won’t be figured on any part of the disallowed amount of 
the claim on which accuracy-related or fraud penalties are           Federally declared disasters.    If you were affected by a 
charged.                                                             federally declared disaster, you may have additional time to file a 
                                                                     claim for credit or refund on your amended return. See Pub. 556 
Penalty for frivolous return. In addition to any other penalties,    and IRS.gov/Businesses/Small-Businesses-Self-Employed/
the law imposes a penalty of $5,000 for filing a frivolous return. A Disaster-Assistance-and-Emergency-Relief-for-Individuals-and-
frivolous return is one that doesn’t contain information needed to   Businesses for details.
figure whether the reported tax is substantially correct or shows 
a substantially incorrect tax because you take a frivolous position  Combat zones and contingency operations.        The due date 
or desire to delay or interfere with the tax laws. This includes     for claiming a credit or refund on your amended return may be 
altering or striking out the preprinted language above the space     automatically extended when you are in, or are hospitalized as a 
where you sign. For a list of positions identified as frivolous, see result of injuries sustained in, a combat zone or contingency 
Notice 2010-33, 2010-17 I.R.B. 609, available at IRS.gov/irb/        operation. For more details, see Pub. 3, Armed Forces' Tax 
2010-17_IRB#NOT-2010-33.                                             Guide.
Other penalties. Other penalties can be imposed for                  Bad debt or worthless security.    A Form 1040-X to claim a 
negligence, substantial understatement of income tax,                credit or refund based on a bad debt or worthless security must 
reportable transaction understatements, and fraud. See Pub. 17,      generally be filed within 7 years after the due date of the return 
Your Federal Income Tax, for more information.                       for the tax year in which the debt or security became worthless. 
                                                                     For more details, see section 6511.
When To File                                                         Foreign tax credit or deduction.   A Form 1040-X to claim a 
File Form 1040-X only after you have filed your original return.     foreign tax credit or to change from claiming a deduction to 
You may amend your original return by filing Form 1040-X more        claiming a credit for foreign income taxes must generally be filed 
than once, as long as each Form 1040-X is filed timely.              within 10 years from the due date for filing the return (without 
Generally, for a credit or refund, you must file Form 1040-X within  regard to any extension of time to file) for the year in which the 
3 years (including extensions) after the date you filed your         foreign income taxes were actually paid or accrued. A Form 
original return or within 2 years after the date you paid the tax,   1040-X to claim a deduction or to change from claiming a credit 
whichever is later. If you filed your original return early (for     to claiming a deduction for foreign income taxes must generally 
example, March 1 for a calendar year return), your return is         be filed within 3 years after the date you filed your original return 
considered filed on the due date (generally April 15). However, if   or within 2 years after the date you paid the tax, whichever is 
you had an extension of time to file (for example, until October     later. The period for filing a Form 1040-X to claim or change an 
15) but you filed earlier and we received it on July 1, your return  election to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction may be 
is considered filed on July 1. The time limit for filing a claim for extended by an agreement. You make or change your election 
credit or refund on a Form 1040-X can be suspended for certain       on your Form 1040-X for the year your election is to be effective. 
people who are physically or mentally unable to manage their         For details, see Pub. 514, Foreign Tax Credit for Individuals. The 
financial affairs. For details, see Pub. 556, Examination of         extended 10-year period for filing Form 1040-X to claim a foreign 
Returns, Appeal Rights, and Claims for Refund.                       tax credit or to change from claiming a deduction to claiming a 
        After the due date for an original return has passed,        credit applies only to amounts affected by changes in your 
                                                                     foreign tax credit. See the Instructions for Form 1116, Foreign 
!       don't file any additional original returns for the same      Tax Credit, for more information.
CAUTION year, even if you haven't received your refund or haven't 
heard from the IRS since you filed. Filing an additional original    If you are filing Form 1040-X to carry back your unused 
return after the due date or sending in more than one copy of the    foreign tax credit, follow the procedures under Loss or credit 
same return (unless we ask you to do so) could delay your            carryback next.
refund.                                                              Loss or credit carryback. File either Form 1040-X or Form 
                                                                     1045 to apply for a refund based on either an overpayment of tax 
Postponed 2020 individual income tax returns.    The 
                                                                     due to a claim of right adjustment under section 1341(b)(1) or 
lookback period is generally equal to 3 years plus the period of 
                                                                     the carryback of a net operating loss (NOL) (but see Net 
any extension of time for filing the return. However, when the 
                                                                     operating losses, later), a foreign tax credit, an unused general 
Form 1040-X or other claim for refund is filed more than 3 years 
                                                                     business credit, or a net section 1256 contracts loss. If you use 
after the taxpayer's return was filed, the lookback period is 2 
                                                                     Form 1040-X, see the special instructions for carryback claims in 
years. Income tax withheld and estimated tax are considered 
                                                                     these instructions under Special Situations, later. File Form 
paid on the due date of the return (generally April 15).
                                                                     1040-X for each tax year to which an NOL, a capital loss 
                                                                     carryback, a credit carryback, or a foreign tax credit is carried. 

Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)                                                                                       3



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Write or type “Carryback Claim” at the top of page 1. Form           BBA Partner non-income tax changes reported on Form 
1040-X must generally be filed within 3 years after the due date     8986. Although the Form 8978 is used to figure changes to a 
of the return (including extensions) for the tax year in which the   partner's income tax as reported to them on Form 8986, any 
NOL, capital loss, or unused credit arose (within 10 years after     non-income tax changes that are related to the income tax 
the due date of the return (without extensions) for the tax year in  adjustments on the Form 8986 received by the partner, such as 
which the foreign tax credit arose). If you use Form 1045, you       self-employment tax or net investment income tax, should be 
must file the claim within 1 year after the end of the year in which reflected on an amended return for the partner's first affected 
the loss, credit, or claim of right adjustment arose. For more       year. Do not include the income tax changes on the Form 
details, see the Instructions for Form 1045.                         1040-X. Instead, the Form 1040-X should reflect the original and 
  Net operating losses (NOLs).     An individual must file Form      correct amounts as originally reported (or as previously 
1040-X instead of Form 1045 to carry back:                           amended) on the Form 1040 such that there is no change 
Any items to a section 965 year,                                   between the original and correct amounts on lines 1–8. 
A prior year foreign tax credit released due to an NOL or net      Complete any applicable forms for the non-income taxes such as 
capital loss carryback, or                                           the Schedule SE (for self-employment taxes) or Form 8960 (for 
A prior year general business credit released because of the       net investment income tax) including the adjustments reflected 
release of the foreign tax credit.                                   on the Form 8986 and figure the adjusted non-income taxes 
  See section 172 and Pub. 536 for information about NOLs.           using the adjusted numbers. Report the corrected non-income 
See Pub. 225, Farmer’s Tax Guide, for information on farming         taxes on line 10 of the Form 1040-X and figure the additional 
losses.                                                              amount owed. The amended return should include a statement 
                                                                     that explains how the change to non-income tax was figured, 
Special Situations                                                   and the source of the adjustment in Part II (Part III if e-filing) of 
                                                                     the Form 1040-X. See Form 8978 for additional information and 
        You must attach all appropriate forms and schedules to       instructions.
CAUTION
  !     Form 1040-X or it will be returned.                          Qualified Opportunity Investment.  Attach to the back of Form 
  Many amended returns deal with situations that have special        1040-X any Form 8997, Initial and Annual Statement of Qualified 
qualifications or special rules that must be followed. The items     Opportunity Fund (QOF) Investments, that supports changes 
that follow give you this specialized information so your amended    made on this return if qualified investments were held during the 
return can be filed and processed correctly.                         year.
        Only the special procedures are given here. Unless           Carryback claim—NOL.     Write or type “Carryback Claim” at the 
                                                                     top of page 1 of Form 1040-X. Attach a computation of your NOL 
  !     otherwise stated, you must still complete all appropriate    using Schedule A (Form 1045) and a computation of any NOL 
CAUTION lines on Form 1040-X, as discussed under Line 
Instructions, later.                                                 carryover using Schedule B (Form 1045). A refund based on an 
                                                                     NOL doesn’t include a refund of self-employment tax reported 
Additional Medicare Tax.   If your Medicare wages, RRTA              on Form 1040-X, line 10. Generally, interest won’t be paid on any 
compensation, or self-employment income is adjusted, you may         NOL refund shown on an amended return processed within 45 
need to correct your liability, if any, for Additional Medicare Tax. days of receipt. For details, see Pub. 536, Net Operating Losses 
When correcting Additional Medicare Tax liability, attach to Form    (NOLs) for Individuals, Estates, and Trusts.
1040-X a corrected Form 8959, and, if correcting Medicare            Carryback claim—credits and other losses.   Write or type 
wages or RRTA compensation, attach Form W-2, Wage and Tax            “Carryback Claim” at the top of page 1 of Form 1040-X. Attach 
Statement, or Form W-2c, Corrected Wage and Tax Statement.           copies of the following.
For more information, see the Instructions for Form 8959.            Both pages of Form 1040 and Schedules A and D, if 
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (BBA) Partner Modification             applicable, for the year in which the loss or credit originated. 
Amended Return.      A partner in a BBA Partnership that has         Write or type “Attachment to Form 1040-X—Copy Only—Do Not 
requested modification type “Amended Returns of Partners             Process” at the top of these forms.
Under IRC Section 6225(c)(2)(A)” files a partner modification        Any Schedules K-1 or K-3 you received from any partnership, 
amended return. A partner modification amended return                S corporation, estate, or trust for the year of the loss or credit that 
includes a partner amended return for the partner's first affected   contributed to the loss or credit carryback.
year and any prior or subsequent tax years impacted as a result      Any form or schedule from which the carryback results, such 
of taking the partnership adjustments into account in the            as Form 3800, General Business Credit; Form 1116; Form 6781, 
partner's first affected year. Such returns must include the         Gains and Losses From Section 1256 Contracts and Straddles; 
payment of all tax, penalties, additions to tax, and interest due as Form 4684, Casualties and Thefts; or Schedule C or F (Form 
a result of taking into account all partnership adjustments          1040).
properly allocated to the partner, and including adjustments to      Forms or schedules for items refigured in the carryback year, 
any tax attributes affected by taking into account the partnership   such as Form 6251, Alternative Minimum Tax—Individuals; Form 
adjustments. You must write “BBA Partner Modification                3800; Schedule A (Form 1040); Schedule A (Form 1040-NR); or 
Amended Return” at the top of page 1 of all partner modification     Form 8962, Premium Tax Credit.
amended returns being filed (for e-filed amended returns, attach     Carryback claim—change in filing status.    If you were 
a statement). See Form 8982 for additional information and           married and you didn’t have the same filing status (married filing 
instructions.                                                        jointly or married filing separately) for all of the years involved in 
  Attach a statement to each partner modification amended            figuring the loss or credit carryback, you may have to allocate 
return that contains the following information.                      income, deductions, and credits. For details, see the publication 
Name of source partnership (which is the audited partnership       for the type of carryback you are claiming. For example, for NOL 
requesting modification and from which you are receiving             carrybacks, see Pub. 536.
adjustments).                                                        Casualty loss from a federally declared disaster.       If you have 
TIN of the source partnership.                                     a casualty loss attributable to a federally declared disaster, you 
Audit control number—obtain this number from the                   may be able to elect to deduct the loss in the tax year 
partnership representative of the source partnership.                immediately before the tax year the loss was sustained. The 

4                                                                          Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)



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election must be made by filing your return or amended return for     Your date of birth.
the preceding year, and claiming your disaster loss on it, no later   Your ZIP code or postal code.
than 6 months after the due date for filing your original return 
(without extensions) for the year in which the loss was sustained. 
For more information about this election, see the Instructions for    Specific Instructions
Form 4684; and Rev. Proc. 2016-53, 2016-44 I.R.B. 530, 
available at IRS.gov/irb/2016-44_IRB#RP-2016-53.                      Line Instructions
Deceased taxpayer.    If filing Form 1040-X for a deceased 
taxpayer, write or type “Deceased,” the deceased taxpayer's           Calendar or Fiscal Year
name, and the date of death across the top of Form 1040-X,            Above your name, enter the calendar year or fiscal year you are 
page 1.                                                               amending.
  If you originally filed a joint return and you are filing Form 
1040-X to claim a refund with respect to that joint return as a       Name, Current Address, and Social Security 
surviving spouse, sign the return and enter “Filing as surviving      Number (SSN)
spouse” in the area where you sign the return. If someone else is     If you and your spouse are amending a joint return, list your 
the personal representative, they must also sign.                     names and SSNs in the same order as shown on the original 
  Claiming a refund for a deceased taxpayer.      If you are filing   return. If you are changing from a separate to a joint return and 
a joint return as a surviving spouse, you only need to file Form      your spouse didn’t file an original return, enter your name and 
1040-X to claim the refund. If you are a court-appointed personal     SSN first.
representative or any other person claiming the refund, file Form 
1040-X and attach Form 1310, Statement of Person Claiming             Change of address.       If you have moved since you filed your 
Refund Due a Deceased Taxpayer, and any other information             original return, enter your current address on Form 1040-X.
required by its instructions. For more details, see Pub. 559,         P.O. box. Enter your box number only if your post office doesn’t 
Survivors, Executors, and Administrators.                             deliver mail to your home.
Household employment taxes. If you are correcting an error            Foreign address.  If you have a foreign address, enter the city 
in the employment taxes for household employees that you              name on the appropriate line. Don’t enter any other information 
reported on a Schedule H previously filed with Form 1040,             on that line, but also complete the spaces below that line. Don’t 
1040-SR, 1040-NR, or 1040-SS, attach a corrected Schedule H           abbreviate the country name. Follow the country's practice for 
and include in Part II (Part III if e-filing) of Form 1040-X the date entering the postal code and the name of the province, county, or 
the error was discovered. If you filed Formulario 1040-PR, file a     state.
Form 1040-X and attach a corrected Anexo H-PR. If you owe tax, 
pay in full with this return. If you are changing the wages paid to   ITINs for aliens. If you don’t have an SSN, but you already 
an employee for whom you filed Form W-2, you must also file           have an ITIN, enter it instead of an SSN. If you are a nonresident 
Form W-2c, and Form W-3c, Transmittal of Corrected Wage and           or resident alien and you don’t have or aren’t eligible to get an 
Tax Statements, with the Social Security Administration. For          SSN, you must apply for an ITIN. It takes about 7 weeks to get 
more information, see Pub. 926 for the appropriate year.              an ITIN. For more information on ITINs, including application, 
                                                                      expiration, and renewal, see Form W-7 and its instructions.
Injured spouse claim.   If you filed a Form 8379 and are filing a 
Form 1040-X to request an additional refund, and you don’t want       Presidential Election Campaign
your portion of the overpayment to be applied (offset) against 
your spouse's past-due obligation(s), complete and attach             You can use Form 1040-X to designate $3 to the Presidential 
another Form 8379 to allocate the additional refund.                  Election Campaign Fund if you, or your spouse if filing jointly, 
                                                                      didn't previously want $3 to go to this fund but now do. Checking 
Signing your minor child's return. If your minor child can’t          a checkbox for the Presidential Election Campaign Fund will not 
sign the return, either parent can sign the child's name in the       change your tax or refund. This designation must be done within 
space provided. Enter “By (your signature), parent for minor          20 /  months after the original due date for filing the return. A 1 2
child.”                                                               previous designation of $3 to the fund can’t be changed.
Tax shelters. If you are amending your return to disclose 
information for a reportable transaction in which you participated,   Amended Return Filing Status
attach Form 8886, Reportable Transaction Disclosure                   Check the box that corresponds to your filing status on this 
Statement.                                                            return. You must check one box even if you are not changing 
                                                                      your filing status. If this is a change from the filing status on your 
Wrongfully incarcerated individuals.  Certain amounts you             original return, the following information may apply to you.
receive due to wrongful incarceration may be excluded from 
gross income. If you included these amounts in income in a prior               For information about marital status, see Pub. 501, 
year, you may be able to amend your return to claim a refund or       TIP      Dependents, Standard Deduction, and Filing 
credit against your tax. For the latest information, go to IRS.gov/            Information.
newsroom/irs-updates-frequently-asked-questions-related-to-
wrongful-incarceration.                                                        In general, you can’t change your filing status from a joint 
                                                                               return to separate returns after the due date of the 
Tracking Your Amended Return                                          CAUTION! original return.
You should generally allow 8 to 12 weeks for Form 1040-X to be 
processed. However, in some cases, processing could take up           Changing from a separate to a joint return. If you are 
to 16 weeks. Go to Where's My Amended Return on IRS.gov to            married and file a separate return, you generally report only your 
track the status of your amended return. It can take up to 3          own income, deductions, and credits. Generally, you are 
weeks from the date you mail it to show up in our system. You will    responsible only for the tax on your own income. If you file a joint 
need to provide the following information.                            return, both you and your spouse (or former spouse) are 
Your taxpayer identification number (for most taxpayers, that is    generally responsible for the tax and interest or penalties due on 
their SSN).                                                           the return. This means that if one spouse doesn't pay the tax 
                                                                      due, the other may have to. Or, if one spouse doesn't report the 
Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)                                                                                          5



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correct tax, both spouses may be responsible for any additional         1. Enter in column A the amounts from your return as 
taxes assessed by the IRS. However, you may qualify for               originally filed or as previously adjusted (either by you or the 
innocent spouse relief. For details about innocent spouse relief,     IRS).
see Form 8857, Request for Innocent Spouse Relief; or Pub.              2. To determine the amounts to enter in column B, combine 
971, Innocent Spouse Relief. If you are changing from a               the amounts from your spouse’s return as originally filed (or as 
separate to a joint return, in Part II (Part III if e-filing) of Form previously adjusted) with any other changes you or your spouse 
1040-X, you should enter “Changing the filing status” as a            is making. If your spouse didn’t file an original return, include 
reason for amending your Form 1040 or 1040-SR. See You are            your spouse’s income, deductions, credits, other taxes, etc., in 
changing from a separate to a joint return under Lines 1 Through      the amounts you enter in column B.
30—Which Lines To Complete, later, for more details.
                                                                        3. Read the instructions for column C to figure the amounts 
Changing to head of household filing status.     If the               to enter in that column.
qualifying person is a child but not your dependent, enter the          4. Both of you must sign and date Form 1040-X.
child’s name in the space provided under the filing status 
checkboxes. In Part II (Part III if e-filing) of Form 1040-X, you 
should state “Changing the filing status” as a reason for             You are changing amounts on your original return or as 
amending your Form 1040 or 1040-SR.                                   previously adjusted by the IRS.   Because Form 1040-X can 
                                                                      be used for so many purposes, it is sometimes difficult to know 
        Generally, married people can’t file as head of               which part(s) of the form to fill out. Unless other specific 
  !     household. But, for an exception, see Pub. 501.               instructions or rules apply to your return, such as those under 
CAUTION                                                               Resident and nonresident aliens, earlier, applicable to paper 
Changing to married filing separately or qualifying surviv-           filers, follow the rules below when completing your Form 1040-X.
ing spouse filing status.  If you check the box for married filing    Always complete the top of page 1 through Amended return 
separately, enter your spouse's name in the space provided            filing status.
below the filing status checkboxes. If your spouse doesn't have       Check a box in Presidential Election Campaign, if applicable.
and isn't required to have an SSN or ITIN, enter “NRA” next to        Complete the lines shown in the charts under Columns A 
their name in the entry space below the filing status checkboxes.     Through C below according to what you are changing.
If you check the box for qualifying surviving spouse, and the         Complete the Explanation of Changes (Part II if paper filing or 
qualifying person is a child but not your dependent, enter the        Part III if e-filing).
child's name in the space provided under the filing status            Sign and date the form.
checkboxes. Do not enter the child’s name anywhere else on the 
form. In Part II (Part III if e-filing) of Form 1040-X, you should    Columns A Through C
state “Changing the filing status” as a reason for amending your      Column A.     Enter the amounts from your original return. 
Form 1040 or 1040-SR.                                                 However, if you previously amended that return or it was 
        For 2022 and later, the filing status qualifying widow(er)    changed by the IRS, enter the adjusted amounts.
TIP     is called qualifying surviving spouse. The rules for the      Column B.     Enter the net increase or decrease for each line that 
        filing status have not changed. The same rules that           you are changing.
applied for qualifying widow(er) apply to qualifying surviving          Explain each change in Part II (Part III if e-filing). If you need 
spouse.                                                               more space, attach a statement. Attach any schedule or form 
                                                                      relating to the change. For example, attach Schedule A (Form 
Lines 1 Through 30—Which Lines To Complete                            1040) if you are amending a 2022 Form 1040 to itemize 
Before looking at the instructions for specific lines, the following  deductions. If you are amending your return because you 
information may point you in the right direction for completing       received another Form W-2, attach a copy of the new Form W-2. 
Form 1040-X.                                                          Don’t attach items unless required to do so.
You need information about income, deductions, etc.         If you    Column C.     To figure the amounts to enter in this column:
have questions such as what income is taxable or what                 Add the increase in column B to the amount in column A, or
expenses are deductible, the instructions for the form you are        Subtract the decrease in column B from the amount in
amending should help. Also use those instructions to find the         column A.
method you should use to figure the correct tax. To get prior year      For any item you don’t change, enter the amount from column 
forms, schedules, instructions, or publications, download them        A in column C.
from IRS.gov/FormsPubs or call 800-829-3676.
                                                                      Note.  Show any negative numbers (losses or decreases) in 
You are only changing information. If you aren’t changing             column A, B, or C in parentheses.
any dollar amounts you originally reported, but are changing 
information and the rules in Resident and nonresident aliens,           Example.    You originally reported $21,000 as your adjusted 
earlier, don’t apply, do the following on your Form 1040-X.           gross income on your 2022 Form 1040. You received another 
Enter the calendar year or fiscal year you are amending.            Form W-2 for $500 after you filed your return. Line 1 of Form 
Complete name, current address, and SSN (or ITIN, if                1040-X should be completed as follows.
applicable).
Check a box in Presidential Election Campaign, if applicable.                             A. Original B. Net change C. Correct 
Complete Part I Dependents, , on page 2, if you are changing                              amount                    amount
your dependent.                                                                             21,000      500              21,500
Complete the Explanation of Changes (Part II if paper filing or      Line 1
Part III if e-filing).
You are changing from a separate to a joint return.       If you        You would also report any additional federal income tax 
and your spouse are changing from separate returns to a joint         withheld on line 12 in column B.
return, follow these steps.

6                                                                              Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)



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  See the tax return for the year you are amending to find the       deduction as previously adjusted by the IRS. If you are now 
          corresponding lines on your original return.               itemizing your deductions instead of using the standard 
                                                                     deduction, or you have changed the amount of any deduction, or 
IF you are changing only...     THEN complete Form 1040-X...         your AGI limitations have changed any deduction, attach a copy 
filing status                          lines 1–23.                   of the corrected Schedule A to this amended return.
income                                 lines 1–23.                   Standard deduction. If you are using the standard deduction, 
                                                                     enter the amount for your filing status for the year you are 
adjustments to income                  lines 1–23.                   amending. Remember that the standard deduction for all years 
                                                                     can be increased for the age and/or blindness of the taxpayer(s).
itemized or standard deductions        lines 1–23.                   Charitable deduction. If you are taking the standard deduction 
                                                                     in 2020 or 2021, you (or you and your spouse if filing jointly) may 
qualified business income              lines 4b–23.                  be able to claim a charitable deduction for certain cash 
deduction                                                            contributions. For amended 2020 returns only, any adjustments 
                                                                     to this deduction should be made to your AGI on line 1. For 
                                                                     amended 2021 returns, any adjustments to this deduction 
tax before credits                     lines 5–23.                   should be made to your standard deduction amount on line 2. 
                                                                     For adjustments to the cash charitable deduction for any year, 
nonrefundable credits                  lines 6–23.                   refer to the tax return instructions for the year of the return you 
                                                                     are amending to determine the limits on amounts of cash 
other taxes                            lines 6–23.                   contributions you can claim for that year. See Pub. 526 (for the 
                                                                     year of the return you are amending) for the definition of what 
payments and refundable credits        lines 11–23.                  qualifies as a cash contribution and for information on the types 
                                                                     of organizations that qualify. Also see Pub. 526 (for the year of 
                                                                     the return you are amending) for information on whether this 
                                                                     deduction is available on your amended return.
                                                                               If you had a net qualified disaster loss and you elect to 
Income and Deductions                                                TIP       increase your standard deduction by the amount of your 
                                                                               net qualified disaster loss, use Schedule A to figure your 
Line 1—Adjusted Gross Income                                         standard deduction. Qualified disaster loss refers to losses 
                                                                     arising from certain disasters. For more information, see the 
Enter your adjusted gross income (AGI), which is the total of your   Instructions for Form 4684 and the Instructions for Schedule A 
income minus certain deductions (adjustments). Any change to         filed with your original return for the tax year of the return you are 
the income or adjustments on the return you are amending will        amending.
be reflected on this line.
  A change you make to your AGI can cause other amounts to           Line 4a—Reserved for Future Use
increase or decrease. For example, depending on the tax year, 
changing your AGI can change your:                                   This line is reserved for future use. Do not enter an amount on 
Credit for child and dependent care expenses, child tax credit,    this line.
education credits, retirement savings contributions credit, or 
premium tax credit;                                                  Line 4b—Qualified Business Income Deduction
Allowable charitable contributions deduction or the taxable 
amount of social security benefits; or                               See the instructions for the year of the form you are amending. 
Total itemized deductions.                                         Also see the instructions for Forms 8995 and 8995-A for more 
If you change your AGI, refigure the items listed above (if          information for figuring and reporting your qualified business 
applicable), and any other deduction or credit you are claiming      income deduction.
that has a limit based on AGI.
                                                                     Line 5—Taxable Income
  Complete and attach any applicable forms and schedules to 
support the amounts you refigured.                                   If the taxable income on the return you are amending is $0 and 
Correcting your wages or other employee compensation.                you have made changes on Form 1040-X, line 1, 2, or 4b, enter 
Attach a copy of all additional or corrected Forms W-2 you           on line 5, column A, the actual taxable income instead of $0. 
received after you filed your original return. Also attach any       Enclose a negative amount in parentheses. The amounts in 
additional or corrected Forms 1099-R, Distributions From             columns A and B can be less than zero. However, if the result for 
Pensions, Annuities, Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs,       column C is zero or less, you must enter -0- in column C.
Insurance Contracts, etc., that show federal income tax withheld.    Example.  You showed $0 taxable income on your original 
Changing your IRA deduction.    In Part II (Part III if e-filing) of return, even though you actually had a loss of $1,000. You later 
Form 1040-X, enter “IRA deduction” and the amount of the             discovered you had additional income of $2,000. Your Form 
increase or decrease. If changing from a deductible to a             1040-X, line 5, would show ($1,000) in column A, $2,000 in 
nondeductible IRA contribution, also complete and attach Form        column B, and $1,000 in column C. If you failed to take into 
8606, Nondeductible IRAs.                                            account the loss you actually had on your original return, you 
                                                                     would report $2,000 in column C and possibly overstate your tax 
                                                                     liability.
Line 2—Itemized Deductions or Standard 
Deduction
Itemized deductions.      If you itemized your deductions, enter in 
column A the total from your original Schedule A or your 
Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)                                                                                        7



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Tax Liability                                                      amending a 2019 or 2020 return, also see Pub. 972 for 2019 or 
                                                                   2020, respectively.
Line 6—Tax
        Include on line 6 the amount you reported on Schedule 2    Line 9—Reserved for Future Use
  !     (Form 1040), line 3, for the year you are amending.
CAUTION                                                            This line is reserved for future use. Do not enter an amount on 
                                                                   this line.
  Figure the tax on your taxable income shown on line 5, 
column C. Generally, you will use the method(s) you used to        Line 10—Other Taxes
figure the tax on your original return. However, you may need to 
change to a different method if, for example, you amend your       Enter in column A the amount you reported on the line for total 
return to include or change the amount of certain types of         other taxes from Schedule 2 (Form 1040) for the year you are 
income, such as capital gains or qualified dividends.              amending.

  See the instructions for the income tax return you are           If you made any changes to Form 1040-X, lines 1 through 6, 
amending to find the appropriate method(s), tax table, and         you may need to refigure other taxes that were included in the 
worksheet, if necessary. Indicate the method(s) you used to        same section on your original return.
figure the tax entered on line 6, as shown in the chart below.
                                                                   Payments
  Attach the schedule or form(s), if any, that you used to figure  Line 12—Withholding
your revised tax. Don’t attach worksheets.
                                                                   In column A, enter from the return you are amending any federal 
                                          THEN enter on the        income tax withheld and any excess social security and tier 1 
                                          dotted line on           RRTA tax withheld (SS/RRTA).
IF you figured the corrected tax using... line 6...
                                                                   If you are changing your withholding or excess SS/RRTA, 
Tax Table                                 Table.                   attach to the front of Form 1040-X a copy of all additional or 
Tax Computation Worksheet                 TCW.                     corrected Forms W-2 you received after you filed your original 
Schedule D Tax Worksheet                  Sch D.                   return. Also attach additional or corrected Forms 1099-R that 
                                                                   show any federal income tax withheld.
Schedule J (Form 1040)                    Sch J.
Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain                               Line 13—Estimated Tax Payments
Tax Worksheet                             QDCGTW.
Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet       FEITW.                   In column A, enter the estimated tax payments you claimed on 
                                                                   your original return. If you filed Form 1040-C, U.S. Departing 
Form 8615, Tax for Certain Children Who                            Alien Income Tax Return, include on this line the amount you 
Have Unearned Income                      F8615.                   paid as the balance due with that return. Also include any of your 
                                                                   prior year's overpayment that you elected to apply to estimated 
                                                                   tax payments for the year you are amending.

        Any changes you made to Form 1040-X, lines 1 through       Line 14—Earned Income Credit (EIC)
  !     6, may affect the amount of or cause you to owe 
CAUTION alternative minimum tax. See the instructions for the 
                                                                   Enter the amount you reported on the line for the EIC on Form 
form and year you are amending.                                    1040 or 1040-SR for the year you are amending in column A. If 
                                                                   you are amending your return to claim the EIC and you have a 
Line 7—Nonrefundable Credits                                       qualifying child, attach Schedule EIC (Form 1040). If you 
                                                                   changed the amount on line 1 or line 5, the amount of any EIC 
                                                                   you claimed on your original return may change. For more 
Enter your total nonrefundable credits in column A.                information regarding the EIC, see Pub. 596 for the year you are 
Nonrefundable credits are those that reduce your tax, but any      amending.
excess isn’t refunded to you.
                                                                   If you are amending your EIC based on a nontaxable combat 
  If you made any changes to Form 1040-X, lines 1 through 6,       pay election, enter “nontaxable combat pay” and the amount in 
be sure to refigure your original credits. Attach the appropriate  Part II (Part III if e-filing) of Form 1040-X.
forms for the credits you are adding or changing.
                                                                   SSN required. If you didn't have an SSN on or before the due 
Credit for qualifying children and other dependents.        If you date of your return for the tax year being amended (including 
are amending a return with a retroactive claim of the child tax    extensions), you can't claim the EIC on your amended return. 
credit, you must have an SSN valid for employment issued for       Also, if a child didn't have an SSN on or before the due date of 
the child before the due date for filing the return you are        your return for the tax year being amended (including 
amending, including extensions. If you are amending a return       extensions), you can't count that child as a qualifying child in 
with a retroactive claim of the credit for other dependents, the   figuring the amount of the EIC on your amended return.
dependent you claim must have been issued an SSN, ITIN, or 
adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN) on or before the    Line 15—Refundable Credits
due date for filing the return you are amending, including 
extensions. Your child tax credit may be refundable. For 
additional information, see Schedule 8812 (Form 1040) and its      A refundable credit can give you a refund for any part of a credit 
instructions for the year of the tax return you are amending. If   that is more than your total tax. Enter, in column A, the total of 
                                                                   the refundable credits from Schedule 8812 (Form 1040), Form 

8                                                                            Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)



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8863, the recovery rebate (as applicable), and Schedule 3 (Form          Line 18—Overpayment
1040) for the year you are amending. Check as applicable the 
boxes for Schedule 8812 (Form 1040), and Forms 2439, 4136,               Enter the overpayment from your original return. If your original 
8885, 8863, and 8962.                                                    return was changed by the IRS and the result was an additional 
                                                                         overpayment of tax, also include that amount on line 18. Don’t 
  If you are amending your return to claim or change a                   include interest you received on any refund. Any additional 
refundable credit, attach the appropriate schedule(s) or form(s).        refund you are entitled to on Form 1040-X will be sent separately 
In addition, in the blank area after “other (specify),” list all of your from any refund you haven’t yet received from your original 
refundable credits for which there is not a checkbox. Include the        return.
form number for the credit if there is one.
SSN required. If you are amending a return with a retroactive            Line 19—Amount Available To Pay Additional Tax
claim of the refundable child tax credit or the additional child tax 
credit, you must have an SSN valid for employment issued for             If line 18 is larger than line 17, line 19 will be negative. You will 
the child before the due date for filing the return, including           owe additional tax. To figure the amount owed, treat the amount 
extensions. For additional information, see Schedule 8812 (Form          on line 19 as positive and add it to the amount on line 11. Enter 
1040) and its instructions for the year of the tax return you are        the result on line 20.
amending. If amending a 2019 or 2020 return, also see Pub. 972 
for 2019 or 2020, respectively.
                                                                         Line 20—Amount You Owe

Line 16—Amount Paid With Extension or Tax                                See the Amount you owe section in your income tax return 
Return                                                                   instructions or go to IRS.gov/Payments for payment options.
On this line, enter the total of the following amounts.                          If you elected to apply any part of an overpayment on 
Any amount paid with your request for an extension on Form             !       your original return to your next year's estimated tax, you 
4868, Application for Automatic Extension of Time To File U.S.           CAUTION can’t reverse that election on your amended return.
Individual Income Tax Return; or Form 2350, Application for 
Extension of Time To File U.S. Income Tax Return. Also include           Line 22—Overpayment Received as Refund
any amount paid electronically in connection with an extension of 
time to file, but don’t include the convenience fee you were             The refund amount on line 22 will be sent separately from any 
charged.                                                                 refund you claimed on your original return (see the instructions 
The amount you paid with your original return, regardless of           for line 18). We will figure any interest and include it in your 
method. Also include any additional payments you made after it           refund.
was filed. However, don’t include payments of interest or 
penalties, or the convenience fee you were charged.                      You will receive a check for any refund due to you. A refund 
  Example. You are filing Form 1040-X to amend your 2022                 on a paper-filed amended return can’t be deposited directly to 
tax return. You sent a check for $1,500 with your original return,       your bank account.
reflecting a payment of $1,400 in taxes and a $100 estimated tax 
penalty. When completing Form 1040-X, enter $1,400 on line 16            If you owe past-due federal or state debts, all or part of your 
(the check sent with the original return minus the $100 penalty).        overpayment will be used to pay the past-due amounts. You will 
                                                                         receive a notice if any of your overpayment has been applied to 
Line 17—Total Payments                                                   past-due amounts.

Include any amounts from Form 8689, Allocation of Individual             Line 23—Overpayment Applied to Estimated Tax
Income Tax to the U.S. Virgin Islands, that are being included in 
the total payments line on your Form 1040 or 1040-SR. For                Enter on line 23 the amount, if any, from line 21 you want applied 
additional information, see Form 8689 for the year of the tax            to your estimated tax for next year. Also enter that tax year in the 
return you are amending.                                                 space provided. No interest will be paid on this amount.

Refund or Amount You Owe                                                 If you owe past-due federal or state debts, all or part of your 
The purpose of this section is to figure the additional tax you owe      overpayment will be used to pay the past-due amounts. You will 
or excess amount you have paid (overpayment). All of your                receive a notice if any of your overpayment has been applied to 
payments (for the tax year you are amending) received up to the          past-due amounts, so you will know how much was applied to 
date of this amended return are taken into account, as well as           your estimated tax.
any overpayment on your original return or after adjustment by                   You can’t change your election to apply part or all of the 
the IRS. It is as if you were using the new information to               !       overpayment on line 21 to next year's estimated tax.
complete your original return. If the results show a larger              CAUTION
overpayment than before, the difference between the two 
becomes your new overpayment. You can choose to receive the              Part I—Dependents
refund or apply it to your estimated tax for the following year. In 
either case, it can be used by the IRS to pay other federal or           Lines 24, 26, 28, and 29—Reserved for Future 
state debts that still exist. If the results show that you owe, it is 
because you don’t have enough additional withholding or                  Use
because filing your original return with the information you have        These lines are reserved for future use. Do not enter an amount 
now would have resulted in a smaller overpayment or a balance            on these lines.
due.
                                                                         Line 30—Dependents
                                                                         List all dependents claimed on this amended return. This 
                                                                         includes:
Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)                                                                                              9



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Dependents claimed on your original return who are still being    If you are filing an amended joint return and each taxpayer will 
claimed on this return, and                                         receive an IP PIN, enter your IP PIN in the space provided next 
Dependents not claimed on your original return who are being      to the box for your occupation on your Form 1040-X. Enter the 
added to this return.                                               spouse's IP PIN in the space provided next to the box for the 
                                                                    spouse's occupation.
  See Dependents, in the instructions for the tax return for the 
                                                                    If you need more information, including how to retrieve your IP 
year you are amending, for more information.
                                                                    PIN online, go to IRS.gov/IPPIN. If you are unable to retrieve your 
Part II—Direct Deposit (for E-Filed                                 IP PIN online, call 800-908-4490.
                                                                            New IP PINs are generated every year. They will 
Form 1040-X Only)                                                   !       generally be sent out by mid-January. Use this IP PIN on 
Beginning in February 2023, if you electronically file a Form       CAUTION any Form 1040-X you file.
1040-X for tax year 2021 or later, you may request your refund 
be directly deposited into your checking or savings account.
                                                                    Requirements for a Paper Return
  If you want us to directly deposit the amount shown on line 22    You must handwrite your signature on your return if you file it on 
to your checking or savings account at a bank or other financial    paper. Digital, electronic, or typed-font signatures are not valid 
institution (such as a credit union) in the United States:          signatures for Forms 1040-X filed on paper.
Complete lines 31 through 33 on Form 1040-X (if you want 
your refund deposited to only one account); or                      Requirements for an Electronic Return
Check the box on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 35a,        To file your return electronically, you must sign the return 
and attach Form 8888, Allocation of Refund, if you want to split    electronically using a personal identification number (PIN) and 
the direct deposit into more than one account.                      provide the information described below. If you are filing online 
                                                                    using software, you must use a Self-Select PIN. If you are filing 
  A direct deposit will be issued using the banking information 
                                                                    electronically using a tax practitioner, you can use a Self-Select 
on Form 1040-X. Do not complete lines 35b through 35d on 
                                                                    PIN or a Practitioner PIN. If we issued you an IP PIN for the year, 
Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR.
                                                                    all six digits of your IP PIN must appear in the IP PIN spaces 
  If an account issue prevents a direct deposit, a refund will be   provided next to the space for your occupation for your electronic 
issued by paper check to the most recent address.                   signature to be complete. Do not use an IP PIN from a prior year, 
                                                                    even if amending a return filed in a prior year. Failure to include 
Explanation of Changes (Part II for                                 an issued IP PIN on the electronic return will result in an invalid 
                                                                    signature and a rejected return. If you are filing a joint return and 
Paper-Filed Form 1040-X or Part III for                             both taxpayers were issued IP PINs, enter both IP PINs in the 
                                                                    spaces provided.
E-Filed Form 1040-X)
The IRS needs to know why you are filing Form 1040-X. For           Self-Select PIN.  The Self-Select PIN method allows you to 
example, you:                                                       create your own PIN. If you are married filing jointly, you and your 
Received another Form W-2 after you filed your return,            spouse will each need to create a PIN and enter these PINs as 
Forgot to claim the child tax credit or the credit for other      your electronic signatures.
dependents,                                                         A PIN is any combination of five digits you choose except five 
Changed your filing status from qualifying surviving spouse       zeros. If you use a PIN, there is nothing to sign and nothing to 
(or, if amending a 2021 or earlier return, qualifying widow(er)) to mail—not even your Forms W-2.
head of household,                                                  Your electronic return is considered a validly signed return 
Are carrying a credit to an earlier year, or                      only when it includes your PIN; last name; date of birth; IP PIN, if 
Are claiming a tax benefit from recently enacted legislation for  applicable; and AGI from your originally filed prior year federal 
disaster relief.                                                    income tax return, if applicable. If you're filing jointly, your 
                                                                    electronic return must also include your spouse's PIN; last name; 
Sign Your Return                                                    date of birth; IP PIN, if applicable; and AGI, if applicable, in order 
Form 1040-X isn't considered a valid return unless you sign it in   to be considered validly signed. Don't use your AGI from an 
accordance with the requirements in these instructions. If you      amended return (Form 1040-X) or a math error correction made 
are filing an amended joint return, your spouse must also sign. If  by the IRS. Your AGI from your prior year return is generally the 
your spouse can't sign the return, see Pub. 501. Be sure to date    amount shown on the federal income tax return you filed last 
your return and enter your occupation(s). If you have someone       year that was due last year. For example, when filing an 
prepare your amended return, you are still responsible for the      amended return in 2023, enter the amount from your 2021 Form 
correctness of the amended return. If your amended return is        1040 ,1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 11, that you filed in 2022. If you 
signed by a representative for you, you must have a power of        didn't file a prior year income tax return, or we have not yet 
attorney attached that specifically authorizes the representative   processed or only recently processed your prior year tax return, 
to sign your amended return. To do this, you can use Form 2848.     enter “$0” as the prior year AGI verification. If you don't have your 
If you are filing an amended joint return as a surviving spouse,    prior year income tax return, call the IRS at 800-908-9946 to get 
see Death of a Taxpayer in the instructions for your original tax   a free transcript of your return or go to IRS.gov/Transcript. If you 
return.                                                             filed electronically last year, you, and your spouse if filing jointly, 
Identity Protection Personal Identification Number (IP PIN).        may use your prior year PIN to verify your identity instead of your 
If you received an IP PIN from the IRS, enter it in the IP PIN      prior year AGI. The prior year PIN is the five-digit PIN you used to 
spaces provided next to the box for your occupation on your         electronically sign your prior year return.
Form 1040-X. You must correctly enter all six numbers of your IP    Practitioner PIN. The Practitioner PIN method allows you to 
PIN. If you didn't receive an IP PIN, leave these spaces blank.     authorize your tax practitioner to enter or generate your PIN. 
        All taxpayers are now eligible for an IP PIN. For more      Your electronic return is considered a validly signed return only 
TIP     information, see Pub. 5477. To apply for an IP PIN, go to   when it includes your PIN; last name; date of birth; and IP PIN, if 
        IRS.gov/IPPIN and use the Get an IP PIN tool.               applicable. If you're filing jointly, your electronic return must, in 

10                                                                          Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)



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order to be considered validly signed, also include your spouse's  IF you live in...                           THEN mail Form 1040-X
PIN; last name; date of birth; and IP PIN, if applicable. The                                                     and attachments to...
practitioner can provide you with details.
                                                                   Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,                 Department of the Treasury
                                                                   Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi,            Internal Revenue Service
Paid Preparer                                                      Oklahoma, or Texas                             Austin, TX 73301-0052
Generally, anyone you pay to prepare your amended return must 
sign it and include their Preparer Tax Identification Number       Alaska, Arizona, California, 
(PTIN) in the space provided. The preparer must give you a copy    Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, 
                                                                   Kansas, Michigan, Montana,                  Department of the Treasury
of the amended return for your records. Someone who prepares       Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico,               Internal Revenue Service
your amended return but doesn’t charge you shouldn’t sign.         North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon,                    Ogden, UT 84201-0052
                                                                   South Dakota, Utah, Washington, 
Assembling Your Return                                             or Wyoming
Assemble any schedules and forms behind Form 1040-X in the         Connecticut, Delaware, District of 
order of the “Attachment Sequence No.” shown in the upper-right    Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, 
corner of the schedule or form. If you have supporting             Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, 
statements, arrange them in the same order as the schedules or     Massachusetts, Minnesota,                   Department of the Treasury
forms they support and attach them last. Don’t attach a copy of    Missouri, New Hampshire, New                Internal Revenue Service
your original return, correspondence, or other items unless        Jersey, New York, North Carolina,           Kansas City, MO 64999-0052
required to do so.                                                 Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, 
                                                                   South Carolina, Tennessee, 
  Attach to the front of Form 1040-X:                              Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, or 
A copy of any Form W-2; Form W-2c; or Form 2439, Notice to       Wisconsin

Shareholder of Undistributed Long-Term Capital Gains, that         A foreign country, U.S. territory;* or      Department of the Treasury
supports changes made on this return;                              use an APO or FPO address, or               Internal Revenue Service
A copy of any Form W-2G, Certain Gambling Winnings; or           file Form 2555 or 4563, or are a               Austin, TX 73301-0215
Form 1099-R that supports changes made on this return, but         dual-status alien
only if tax was withheld; and                                       *If you live in American Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or 
A copy of any Form 1042-S, Foreign Person's U.S. Source          the Northern Mariana Islands, see Pub. 570. 
Income Subject to Withholding; Form SSA-1042S, Social 
Security Benefit Statement (Nonresident Aliens); Form 
RRB-1042S, Payments by the Railroad Retirement Board 
(Nonresident Aliens); or Form 8288-A, Statement of Withholding     Private delivery services (PDSs).           Taxpayers can use certain 
on Dispositions by Foreign Persons of U.S. Real Property           PDSs designated by the IRS to meet the “timely mailing as timely 
Interests, that supports changes made on this return.              filing” rule for tax returns. Go to IRS.gov/PDS for the current list 
  Attach to the back of Form 1040-X any Form 8805, Foreign         of designated services.
Partner's Information Statement of Section 1446 Withholding           The PDS can tell you how to get written proof of the mailing 
Tax, that supports changes made on this return.                    date.
  If you owe tax and you don’t want to pay electronically,            For the IRS mailing address to use if you’re using a PDS, go 
enclose (don’t attach) your check or money order in the            to IRS.gov/PDSStreetAddresses.
envelope with your amended return. See Line 20, earlier.                    PDSs can’t deliver items to P.O. boxes. You must use the 
                                                                            U.S. Postal Service to mail any item to an IRS P.O. box 
Where To File                                                      CAUTION! address.
If you are amending your return because of any of the situations 
listed next, use the corresponding address.
                                                                   Paperwork Reduction Act Notice
IF you are filing                         THEN mail Form 1040-X    We ask for the information on this form to carry out the Internal 
Form 1040-X...                             and attachments to...   Revenue laws of the United States. You are required to give us 
                                                                   the information. We need it to ensure that you are complying with 
in response to a notice you                the address shown       these laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right amount 
received from the IRS                           in the notice.     of tax.
with Form 1040-NR or                  Department of the Treasury      You are not required to provide the information requested on 
1040-NR-EZ                                Internal Revenue Service a form that is subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act unless the 
                                           Austin, TX 73301-0215   form displays a valid OMB control number. Books or records 
                                                                   relating to a form or its instructions must be retained as long as 
                                                                   their contents may become material in the administration of any 
If none of the situations listed above apply to you, mail your     Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax returns and return 
amended return to the Internal Revenue Service Center shown        information are confidential, as required by section 6103.
next that applies to you.
                                                                   We welcome comments on forms.               If you have comments 
                                                                   concerning the accuracy of the time estimates or suggestions for 
                                                                   making this form simpler, we would be happy to hear from you. 
                                                                   You can send us comments from IRS.gov/FormComments. Or 
                                                                   you can send your comments to the Internal Revenue Service, 
                                                                   Tax Forms and Publications Division, 1111 Constitution Ave. 
                                                                   NW, IR-6526, Washington, DC 20224. Don’t send your Form 
                                                                   1040-X to this office.

Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)                                                                                                  11



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The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) Is Here To                       TAS at IRS.gov/SAMS. Be sure to not include any personal 
                                                                     taxpayer information.
Help You
What Is TAS?                                                         Low Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs)
                                                                     LITCs are independent from the IRS and TAS. LITCs represent 
TAS is an independent organization within the IRS that helps         individuals whose income is below a certain level and who need 
taxpayers and protects taxpayer rights. TAS strives to ensure        to resolve tax problems with the IRS. LITCs can represent 
that every taxpayer is treated fairly and that you know and          taxpayers in audits, appeals, and tax collection disputes before 
understand your rights under the Taxpayer Bill of Rights.            the IRS and in court. In addition, LITCs can provide information 
                                                                     about taxpayer rights and responsibilities in different languages 
How Can You Learn About Your Taxpayer Rights?                        for individuals who speak English as a second language. 
                                                                     Services are offered for free or a small fee. For more information 
The Taxpayer Bill of Rights describes 10 basic rights that all       or to find an LITC near you, go to the LITC page at 
taxpayers have when dealing with the IRS. Go to                      TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/LITC or see IRS Pub. 4134, Low 
TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov to help you understand what these           Income Taxpayer Clinic List, at IRS.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p4134.pdf.
rights mean to you and how they apply. These are your rights. 
Know them. Use them.                                                 Estimates of Taxpayer Burden
                                                                     The table below shows burden estimates as of November 2022 
What Can TAS Do for You?                                             for taxpayers filing a Form 1040-X tax return.
                                                                     Reported time and cost burden is a national average and 
TAS can help you resolve problems that you can’t resolve with        does not necessarily reflect a “typical” case. Most taxpayers 
the IRS. And their service is free. If you qualify for their         experience lower than average burden, with taxpayer burden 
assistance, you will be assigned to one advocate who will work       varying considerably by taxpayer type. The estimated average 
with you throughout the process and will do everything possible      time burden for all taxpayers filing a Form 1040-X is 9 hours, with 
to resolve your issue. TAS can help you if:                          an average cost of $200 per return. This average includes all 
Your problem is causing financial difficulty for you, your family, associated forms and schedules, across all preparation methods 
or your business;                                                    and taxpayer activities. There is significant variation in taxpayer 
You face (or your business is facing) an immediate threat of       activity within these estimates.
adverse action; or
You’ve tried repeatedly to contact the IRS but no one has          Out-of-pocket costs include any expenses incurred by 
responded, or the IRS hasn’t responded by the date promised.         taxpayers to prepare and submit their tax returns. Examples 
                                                                     include tax return preparation and submission fees, postage and 
How Can You Reach TAS?                                               photocopying costs, and tax preparation software costs. Tax 
                                                                     preparation fees vary widely depending on the tax situation of 
TAS has offices in every state, the District of Columbia, and        the taxpayer, the type of professional preparer, and the 
Puerto Rico. To find your advocate’s number:                         geographic area.
Go to TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/Contact-Us;                         If you have comments concerning the time and cost estimates 
Download Pub. 1546, The Taxpayer Advocate Service Is Your          below, you can contact us at either one of the addresses shown 
Voice at the IRS, available at IRS.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p1546.pdf;        under We welcome comments on forms, earlier.
Call the IRS toll free at 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676) to 
order a copy of Pub. 1546;                                           Estimates of Taxpayer Burden
Check your local directory; or
Call TAS toll free at 877-777-4778.                                                Average Time Burden           Average Cost
                                                                     All 1040-X           (Hours)                   (Dollars)
                                                                     Taxpayers                  9                        $200
How Else Does TAS Help Taxpayers?
TAS works to resolve large-scale problems that affect many 
taxpayers. If you know of one of these broad issues, report it to 

12                                                                           Instructions for Form 1040-X (Rev. February 2024)






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