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                                                                                          Department of the Treasury
                                                                                          Internal Revenue Service
Instructions for Form 8881

(Rev. January 2024)
Credit for Small Employer Pension Plan Startup Costs, Auto-Enrollment, and 
Military Spouse Participation

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code            Taxpayers, other than partnerships and S corporations, 
unless otherwise noted.                                        whose only source of these credits is from a partnership 
                                                               or S corporation, are not required to complete or file this 
Future Developments                                            form. Instead, they can report these credits directly on 
For the latest information about developments related to       Form 3800.
Form 8881 and its instructions, such as legislation 
enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/              Part I. Credit for Small Employer 
Form8881.                                                      Pension Plan Startup Costs 
What’s New                                                     (Including Employer Contributions)
Increased small employer pension startup costs                 The credit is allowed under section 45E and is part of the 
credit.  The SECURE Act 2.0 of 2022 (SECURE 2.0)               general business credit. You may elect, however, to have 
provides that eligible employers with 1–50 employees are       section 45E not apply for the tax year the credit is 
eligible for an increased small employer pension plan          available by not claiming it on your tax return for that year.
startup costs credit under section 45E of 100% of qualified 
                                                               Plan Startup Costs Credit
startup costs, subject to limitation. The credit for eligible 
employers with 51–100 employees remains at 50% of              How To Figure the Credit
qualified startup costs, subject to limitation. See Credit for 
Small Employer Pension Plan Startup Costs, later.              For tax years beginning after 2022, for an eligible 
                                                               employer with 1–50 employees, the credit is 100% of the 
Employer contribution credit. SECURE 2.0 added an              qualified startup costs paid or incurred during the tax year. 
additional startup cost credit under section 45E available     For an eligible employer with 51–100 employees the credit 
to certain eligible employers, in an amount equal to an        remains at 50% of the qualified startup costs paid or 
applicable percentage of the employer’s contributions (not     incurred during the tax year. The credit is limited to the 
including an elective deferral, as defined in section 402(g)   greater of $500 or the lesser of $250 for each employee 
(3)) to an eligible employer plan. See Employer                that is eligible to participate in the plan and not highly 
Contribution Credit, later.                                    compensated (as defined in section 414(q)) or $5,000 for 
Military spouse participation credit.  SECURE 2.0              the first credit year and each of the following 2 tax years. 
added a new military spouse retirement plan eligibility        No credit is allowed for any other tax year.
credit under section 45AA available to eligible small          Eligible employer.  To be an eligible employer, you must 
employers who maintain defined contribution plans with         have had no more than 100 employees who received at 
specific features that benefit military spouses. The title of  least $5,000 of compensation from you during the tax year 
the form has been updated to include this new credit. See      preceding the first credit year. However, you are not an 
Part III. Military Spouse Participation Credit, later.         eligible employer if, during the 3 tax years preceding the 
                                                               first credit year, you established or maintained a qualified 
General Instructions                                           employer plan with respect to which contributions were 
                                                               made, or benefits were accrued, for substantially the 
Purpose of Form                                                same employees as are in the new eligible employer plan. 
Eligible small employers use Form 8881, Part I, to claim       See section 45E(c) for rules for controlled groups and 
the credit for qualified startup costs incurred in             predecessor employers.
establishing or administering an eligible employer plan        Qualified startup costs. Qualified startup costs are 
(including for employer contributions). The Part I credit is   expenses paid or incurred in connection with (a) 
allowed under section 45E.                                     establishing or administering an eligible employer plan, or 
                                                               (b) the retirement related education of employees with 
Eligible small employers can use Form 8881, Part II, to 
                                                               respect to the plan.
claim the credit for an eligible automatic contribution 
arrangement in a qualified employer plan. The Part II          Eligible employer plan. An eligible employer plan is a 
credit is allowed under section 45T.                           qualified employer plan (as defined in section 4972(d)) 
                                                               with at least one employee eligible to participate who is 
Eligible small employers can use Form 8881, Part III, to 
                                                               not a highly compensated employee. All eligible employer 
claim the credit for a military spouse’s participation 
                                                               plans of the same employer are treated as one eligible 
(including for employer contributions) in an eligible defined 
                                                               employer plan. See Member of Controlled Group or 
contribution plan. The Part III credit is allowed under 
                                                               Business Under Common Control below for rules on 
section 45AA.
                                                               treatment as a single employer.

Feb 8, 2024                                              Cat. No. 74839D



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First credit year. The first credit year is generally your     eligible employer plan. See section 45E(c) for rules for 
tax year that includes the date that the eligible employer     controlled groups and predecessor employers.
plan becomes effective with respect to the eligible            Qualifying employer contributions. Qualifying 
employer. However, you may elect to have the preceding         employer contributions include any contributions (not 
tax year be the first credit year and claim the credit for     including an elective deferral (as defined in section 402(g)
qualified startup costs paid or incurred during that tax       (3)) by the eligible employer to an eligible employer plan, 
year. For example, a calendar-year eligible small employer     but do not include any such contribution on behalf of an 
whose eligible plan is first effective on January 1, 2024,     employee who received wages (as defined in section 
may elect to treat 2023 as the first credit year and claim     3121(a)) from the eligible employer for the tax year in 
the credit for qualified startup costs paid or incurred during excess of $100,000.
2023 on its 2023 tax return.
                                                               Member of Controlled Group or Business Under 
No Deduction Allowed for Credit Amount                         Common Control
You must reduce your otherwise allowable deduction for         For purposes of figuring the credit, all members of a 
startup costs by the credit amount on line 5.                  controlled group of corporations (as defined in section 
                                                               52(a)), all members of a group of businesses under 
Member of Controlled Group or Business Under 
                                                               common control (as defined in section 52(b)), and all 
Common Control                                                 members of an affiliated service group (as defined in 
For purposes of figuring the credit, all members of a          section 414(m)) are treated as a single employer. As a 
controlled group of corporations (as defined in section        member, compute your credit based on your proportionate 
52(a)), all members of a group of businesses under             share of qualifying employer contributions giving rise to 
common control (as defined in section 52(b)), and all          the group’s credit for plan startup costs. Enter your share 
members of an affiliated service group (as defined in          of the credit on lines 6a–6g. Attach a statement showing 
section 414(m)) are treated as a single employer. As a         how your share of the credit was figured, and write “See 
member, compute your credit based on your proportionate        Attached” next to the entry space for line 6g.
share of qualifying small employer plan startup costs 
giving rise to your group's credit for small employer plan     Part II. Small Employer 
startup costs. Enter your share of the credit on line 5.       Auto-Enrollment Credit
Attach a statement showing how your share of the credit 
was figured, and write “See Attached” next to the entry        The credit is allowed under section 45T and is part of the 
space for line 5.                                              general business credit.

Employer Contribution Credit                                   How To Figure the Credit
                                                               The credit is $500 for the first tax year that an eligible 
How To Figure the Credit                                       employer first includes an eligible automatic contribution 
                                                               arrangement (as defined in section 414(w)(3)) in a 
The small employer contributions credit may be claimed 
                                                               qualified employer plan. The credit is $500 for each of the 
only for tax years of an eligible employer beginning after 
                                                               following 2 tax years, provided that you continue to 
2022.
                                                               maintain the arrangement at any time during the 
  For an eligible employer, the credit is an applicable        applicable tax year. No credit is allowed for any other tax 
percentage of qualifying employer contributions, up to         year.
$1,000 per employee, made by an eligible employer for          Eligible employer.  To be an eligible employer, you must 
the first tax year during which the plan becomes effective     have had no more than 100 employees during the tax year 
with respect to the eligible employer and the succeeding 4     preceding the first credit year who received at least 
tax years. The applicable percentage is 100% for the first     $5,000 of compensation from you during that tax year.
and second years, 75% for the third year, 50% for the 
fourth year, and 25% for the fifth year. For any tax year, the Qualified employer plan.    A qualified employer plan is a 
applicable percentage (subject to the maximum $1,000           qualified employer plan (as defined in section 4972(d)). All 
per employee limitation) is reduced by 2% for each             qualified employer plans of the same employer are treated 
employee in excess of 50 employees during the preceding        as one eligible employer plan. See Member of Controlled 
tax year.                                                      Group or Business Under Common Control below for 
                                                               rules on treatment as a single employer.
Eligible employer. To be an eligible employer you must 
have had no more than 100 employees who received at            First credit year.  The first tax year that the credit applies 
least $5,000 of compensation from you during the tax year      is your first tax year in which you or a person treated as a 
preceding the tax year during which the eligible employer      single employer with you first includes (or had included) 
plan becomes effective. However, you are not an eligible       an eligible automatic contribution arrangement in an 
employer if during the 3 tax years preceding the tax year      eligible employer plan. See Member of Controlled Group 
during which the plan becomes effective, you established       or Business Under Common Control below for rules on 
or maintained a qualified employer plan with respect to        treatment as a single employer.
which contributions were made, or benefits were accrued, 
for substantially the same employees as are in the new 

2                                                                   Instructions for Form 8881 (January 2024)



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Member of Controlled Group or Business Under                   Military spouse. A military spouse is an employee of the 
Common Control                                                 eligible small employer who is not highly compensated (as 
For purposes of figuring the credit, controlled groups of      defined in section 414(q)) and, as of the first date that the 
corporations under section 414(b), partnerships or sole        employee is employed or rehired by the employer, is 
proprietorships under common control under section             married (as defined in section 7703) to a member of the 
414(c), and affiliated service groups under section 414(m)     uniformed services (as defined in U.S. Code Title 10, 
are treated as a single employer. In addition, leased          section 101(a)(5)) serving on active duty. For this purpose, 
employees described in section 414(n) are treated as           you may rely on an employee’s certification that the 
employed by the employer. As a member, compute your            employee’s spouse is a member of the uniformed services 
credit based on your proportionate share of the $500           if such certification provides the name, rank, and service 
annual credit giving rise to the group's small employer        branch of the spouse.
auto-enrollment credit. Enter your share of the credit on 
line 9. Attach a statement showing how your share of the       Member of Controlled Group or Business Under 
credit was figured, and write “See Attached” next to the       Common Control
entry space for line 9.                                        For purposes of figuring the credit, controlled groups of 
                                                               corporations under section 414(b), partnerships or sole 
Part III. Military Spouse Participation                        proprietorships under common control under section 
Credit                                                         414(c), and affiliated service groups under section 414(m) 
                                                               are treated as a single employer. In addition, leased 
The credit is allowed under section 45AA and is part of the 
                                                               employees described in section 414(n) are treated as 
general business credit.
                                                               employed by the employer. As a member, compute your 
How To Figure the Credit                                       credit based on your proportionate share of the maximum 
                                                               $200 and $300 annual credit per military spouse giving 
The military spouse participation credit may be claimed 
                                                               rise to the group's military spouse participation credit. 
only for tax years of an eligible small employer beginning 
                                                               Enter your applicable share of the credit as appropriate on 
after December 29, 2022.
                                                               line 12 and line 13. Attach a statement showing how your 
For an eligible small employer, the credit is $200 for         share of the credit was figured, and write “See Attached” 
each military spouse who is an employee of the employer        next to the appropriate entry space for line 12 and line 13.
and who participates in an eligible defined contribution 
plan of the employer at any time during the tax year, plus 
up to $300 of the amount of employer contributions (not        Specific Instructions
including an elective deferral, as defined in section 402(g)
                                                               Line A
(3)) to the plan during the tax year on behalf of the military 
spouse. For each employee, the credit is limited to 3          Enter the number of employees of the eligible employer 
successive tax years of the employer, beginning with the       who received at least $5,000 of compensation from you 
first tax year during which the employee began                 during the tax year preceding the first credit year that 
participating in the plan after it was adopted as, or          applies to the small employer plan startup costs credit.

amended to be, an eligible defined contribution plan.          Line 2
Eligible small employer. To be an eligible small               The computation must be based on the number of 
employer, you must have had no more than 100                   employees entered on line A.
employees during the tax year preceding the tax year for 
which the credit is claimed who received at least $5,000 of    Line 3
compensation from you during that tax year.                    Enter the number of non-highly compensated employees 
Eligible defined contribution plan. An eligible defined        who are eligible to participate in the eligible employer plan 
contribution plan is any defined contribution plan (as         during the tax year for which the credit is claimed.
defined in section 414(i)) of the eligible small employer 
                                                               Line 6a
under which military spouses employed by the employer 
are eligible to participate in the plan not later than 2       Enter the number of your employees during the tax year 
months after the military spouse begins employment and,        preceding the tax year for which the credit is claimed.

upon such participation, are immediately eligible to           Line 6c
receive the same amount of employer contributions under 
the plan that a similarly situated participant who is not a    The employer contribution credit is subject to a $1,000 
military spouse would be eligible to receive under the plan    limit per employee after taking into account the 
after 2 years of service, and immediately have a               percentage that applies to the first through fifth years of 
non-forfeitable right to the military spouse's accrued         the plan.
benefit derived from employer contributions under the          Therefore, if you have employees for whom you made 
plan. All eligible defined contribution plans of the same      employer contributions (not including elective deferrals, as 
employer are treated as one eligible defined contribution      defined in section 402(g)(3)) of more than $1,000 (and the 
plan. See Member of Controlled Group or Business Under         contributions are not disqualified because you paid the 
Common Control below for rules on treatment as a single        employee wages in excess of $100,000), first determine 
employer.                                                      the amount of contributions made for each individual 
                                                               employee for the tax year. For this purpose, do not include 

Instructions for Form 8881 (January 2024)                                                                                  3



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contributions greater than the amount specified below for                               Line 12
the plan year.
                                                                                        Include only employees who participated in the eligible 
  If this is treated as the first or second year of the plan,                           defined contribution plan at any time during the tax year 
do not include contributions of more than $1,000 per                                    and who have not participated in the plan at any time prior 
employee.                                                                               to the 2 tax years preceding the tax year. For such 
  If this is treated as the third year of the plan, do not                              purpose, do not count any tax years during which the plan 
include contributions of more than $1,333 per employee.                                 did not qualify as an eligible defined contribution plan.
  If this is treated as the fourth year of the plan, do not 
include contributions of more than $2,000 per employee.                                 Line 13
                                                                                        Include only employer contributions (not including an 
  If this is treated as the fifth year of the plan, do not 
                                                                                        elective deferral, as defined in section 402(g)(3)) on behalf 
include contributions of more than $4,000 per employee.
                                                                                        of an employee who meets the requirements to be 
  After determining the amount for each individual                                      included on line 12.
employee, add the amounts together and enter the total 
on line 6c.

Paperwork Reduction Act Notice.                 We ask for the information on this form to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the 
United States. You are required to give us the information. We need it to ensure that you are complying with these laws 
and to allow us to figure and collect the right amount of tax.
  You are not required to provide the information requested on a form that is subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act 
unless the form displays a valid OMB control number. Books or records relating to a form or its instructions must be 
retained as long as their contents may become material in the administration of any Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax 
returns and return information are confidential, as required by section 6103.
  The time needed to complete and file this form will vary depending on individual circumstances. The estimated burden 
for individual and business taxpayers filing this form is approved under OMB control number 1545-0074 and 1545-0123 
and is included in the estimates shown in the instructions for their individual and business income tax return. The 
estimated burden for all other taxpayers who file this form is shown below.

Recordkeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 hr. 42 min.
Learning about the law or the form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            53 min.
Preparing and sending the form to the IRS       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1 hr.  2 min.

  If you have comments concerning the accuracy of these time estimates or suggestions for making this form simpler, 
we would be happy to hear from you. See the instructions for the tax return with which this form is filed.

4                                                                                                                 Instructions for Form 8881 (January 2024)






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