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                                                                                                Department of the Treasury
                                                                                                Internal Revenue Service
2023

Instructions for Form 2210-F

Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Farmers and Fishermen

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless          For a definition of gross income from farming and fishing 
otherwise noted.                                                   and more details, see chapter 2 of Pub. 505, Tax Withholding 
                                                                   and Estimated Tax.

General Instructions                                               Who Must File Form 2210-F
Future Developments                                                If you checked box A or B in Part I of Form 2210-F, you must 
                                                                   figure the penalty yourself and attach the completed form to 
For the latest information about developments related to           your return.
Form 2210-F and its instructions, such as legislation enacted 
after they were published, go to IRS.gov/Form2210F.                The IRS Will Figure the Penalty for 
What’s New                                                         You
Elective payment election. Beginning with tax year 2023,           If you didn’t check box A or B in Part I, you don’t need to 
certain applicable entities and electing taxpayers can elect to    figure the penalty or file Form 2210-F. Complete your return 
treat certain Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and Creating         as usual, leave the penalty line on your return blank, and 
Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors Act of 2022           don’t attach Form 2210-F. If you owe the penalty, the IRS will 
credits as elective payments. While resulting overpayments         send you a bill. Interest won’t be charged on the penalty if 
may result in refunds, the required annual payment amount is       you pay by the date specified on the bill.
reduced only by the amount of the credit allowed for the 
                                                                   Who Must Pay the Underpayment 
current year. Under the election, the unused current year 
credit is treated as a payment made on the later of the due        Penalty
date of the return (without extension) or the date on which the    You may owe the penalty for 2023 if you didn’t pay, by 
return is filed. It does not reduce the required annual payment    January 15, 2024, at least the smaller of:
amount and is not counted as an estimated tax payment for 
the year. For more information about the elective payment          1. Two-thirds of the tax shown on your 2023 return, or
election, see Form 3800, General Business Credit, and its          2. 100% of the tax shown on your 2022 return. Your 2022 
instructions.                                                        tax return must cover a 12-month period.
Reminders                                                          Return. In these instructions, “return” refers to your original 
Tax Withholding Estimator.  To determine adjustments to            income tax return. However, a second, subsequent, or 
your withholdings, go to the Tax Withholding Estimator at          amended return filed by the due date (including extensions) 
IRS.gov/W4App.                                                     of the original return is a “superseding” return and is 
                                                                   considered as if it were the original return. The first return 
Additional Medicare Tax. A 0.9% Additional Medicare Tax            filed is ignored to the extent it was changed by the 
applies to Medicare wages, Railroad Retirement Tax Act             superseding return. Also, a joint return that replaces 
(RRTA) compensation, and self-employment income over a             previously filed separate returns is considered the original 
threshold amount based on your filing status. See Form             return.
8959.
Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT). You may be subject to            Exceptions to the Penalty
NIIT. NIIT is a 3.8% (0.038) tax on the lesser of net              You won’t have to pay the penalty or file this form if any of the 
investment income or the excess of your modified adjusted          following applies (but see Waiver of Penalty, later).
gross income over a threshold amount. See Form 8960.               You file your return and pay the tax due by March 1, 
                                                                     2024.
Premium tax credit. You may be eligible to claim the                 You had no tax liability for 2022, you were a U.S. citizen 
premium tax credit. The premium tax credit provides                
                                                                     or resident alien for the entire year (or an estate of a 
assistance for premiums for health insurance coverage                domestic decedent or a domestic trust), and your 2022 
enrolled in through a Health Insurance Marketplace (also 
                                                                     return was (or would have been had you been required to 
called an Exchange). The credit may reduce the amount of             file) for a full 12 months.
tax you owe or increase your refund. For more information,           The total tax shown on your 2023 return minus the 
see Form 8962 and Pub. 974.                                        
                                                                     amount of tax you paid through withholding is less than 
Purpose of Form                                                      $1,000. To determine whether the total tax is less than 
                                                                     $1,000, complete lines 1 through 9.
If you are an individual, estate, or trust and at least two-thirds 
of your 2022 or 2023 gross income is from farming or fishing, 
use Form 2210-F to see if you owe a penalty for underpaying 
your estimated tax.

Dec 5, 2023                                              Cat. No. 52887B



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Waiver of Penalty                                                     return after the due date, use the amounts shown on the 
If you have an underpayment on line 13, all or part of the            original return.
penalty for that underpayment will be waived if the IRS               Exception.     If you and your spouse file a joint return after the 
determines that:                                                      due date to replace previously filed separate returns, use the 
In 2022 or 2023, you retired after reaching age 62 or               amounts shown on the joint return to figure your 
  became disabled, and your underpayment was due to                   underpayment.
  reasonable cause (and not willful neglect); or
The underpayment was due to a casualty, disaster, or                Line 1
  other unusual circumstance, and it would be inequitable             Enter the amount from Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, 
  to impose the penalty. For federally declared disasters,            line 22. For an estate or trust, enter the amount from Form 
  see the separate information, later.                                1041, Schedule G, line 3.
To request either of the above waivers, do the following.                     Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1041 filers: You may exclude 
Check box A in Part I.                                              !       the amount of your section 965 net tax liability when 
Complete Form 2210-F through line 15 without regard to              CAUTION calculating the amount of your required annual 
  the waiver. Enter the amount you want waived in                     payment.
  parentheses on the dotted line to the left of line 16. 
  Subtract this amount from the total penalty you figured             Line 2
  without regard to the waiver, and enter the result on 
  line 16.                                                            Enter the total of the following amounts.
Attach Form 2210-F and a statement to your return                   IF you file... THEN include on line 2 the amounts on...
  explaining the reasons you were unable to meet the 
  estimated tax requirements.                                         1040,          Schedule 2 (Form 1040):
                                                                      1040-SR, or    Line 4,
If you are requesting a waiver due to retirement or                 1040-NR        Line 8 (additional tax on distributions only), 
  disability, attach documentation that shows your                                   Line 9,* 
  retirement date (and your age on that date) or the date                            Line 10,
  you became disabled.                                                               Line 11,
If you are requesting a waiver due to a casualty, disaster                         Line 12,
                                                                                     Line 14,
  (other than a federally declared disaster as discussed                             Line 15,
  later), or other unusual circumstance, attach                                      Line 16,
  documentation such as copies of police and insurance                               Line 17a,
  company reports.                                                                   Line 17c,
                                                                                     Line 17d,
The IRS will review the information you provide and will                             Line 17e,
decide whether to grant your request for a waiver.                                   Line 17f,
                                                                                     Line 17g,
Federally declared disaster. Certain estimated tax                                   Line 17h,
payment deadlines for taxpayers who reside or have a                                 Line 17i,
business in a federally declared disaster area are postponed                         Line 17j,
for a period during and after the disaster. During the                               Line 17l, and
                                                                                     Line 17z.
processing of your tax return, the IRS automatically identifies 
taxpayers located in a covered disaster area (by county or            * If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on 
parish) and applies the appropriate penalty relief. Don’t file        line 2. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are 
                                                                      true: (1) You didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2) 
Form 2210-F if your underpayment was due to a federally               You wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household 
declared disaster. If you still owe a penalty after the automatic     employment taxes weren’t included.
waiver is applied, the IRS will send you a bill.
An individual or a fiduciary for an estate or trust not in a 
covered disaster area but whose books, records, or tax 
professionals' offices are in a covered area is also entitled to 
relief. Also eligible are relief workers affiliated with a 
recognized government or charitable organization assisting in 
the relief activities in a covered disaster area. If you meet 
either of these eligibility requirements, you must call the IRS 
disaster hotline at 866-562-5227 and identify yourself as 
eligible for this relief. For information about claiming relief, 
see IRS.gov/DisasterTaxRelief. For more information on 
disaster assistance and emergency relief for individuals and 
businesses, see IRS.gov/DisasterRelief. See Pub. 976, 
Disaster Relief.

Specific Instructions
Complete lines 1 through 11 to figure your required annual 
payment.
If you file an amended return by the due date of your 
original return, use the amounts shown on your amended 
return to figure your underpayment. If you file an amended 

                                                                  -2-                             Instructions for Form 2210-F (2023)



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IF you file... THEN include on line 2 the amounts on...                            2022 joint return and 2023 separate returns. If you file 
                                                                                   a separate return for 2023, but you filed a joint return with 
1041           Schedule H (Form 1040):                                             your spouse for 2022, your 2022 tax is your share of the tax 
               Line 8d,*
                                                                                   on the joint return. You are filing a separate return if you file as 
               Schedule G (Form 1041):                                             single, head of household, or married filing separately. To 
               Line 4,                                                             figure your share of the taxes on a joint return, first figure the 
               Line 5,                                                             tax both you and your spouse would have paid had you filed 
               Line 6, and                                                         separate returns for 2022 using the same filing status as for 
               Line 8, don’t include the following write-ins:
                                                                                   2023. Then multiply the tax on the joint return by the following 
                Look-back interest due under section 167(g) (identified          fraction and enter the result on line 10.
                  as “From Form 8866”);
                Look-back interest due under section 460(b) (identified                  The tax you would have paid had you filed a separate return
                  as “From Form 8697”); and
                Interest accrued on deferred tax under a section 1294            The total tax you and your spouse would have paid had you filed separate 
                  election for the year of termination (see Form 8621, Part                                              returns
                  VI, line 24; and the Instructions for Form 8621).
* If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on 
line 2. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are 
true: (1) You didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2)    Example.          Lisa and Paul filed a joint return for 2022 
You wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household      showing taxable income of $49,000 and a tax of $5,472. Of 
employment taxes weren’t included.                                                 the $49,000 taxable income, $41,000 was Lisa's and the rest 
                                                                                   was Paul's. For 2023, they file married filing separately. Lisa 
                                                                                   figures her share of the tax on the 2022 joint return as follows.
Line 4
Enter the total amount of the following payments and                               2022 tax on $41,000 based on a 
                                                                                   separate return     . . . . . . . . .                              $ 4,718
refundable credits, if any, that you claim on your tax return.                     2022 tax on $8,000 based on a 
Earned income credit.                                                            separate return     . . . . . . . . .                              803
Additional child tax credit.                                                     Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                            $ 5,521
Refundable part of the American opportunity credit (Form                         Lisa's percentage of total tax 
  8863, line 8).                                                                   ($4,718 ÷ $5,521)   . . . . . . . . .                              85.5%
Premium tax credit (Form 8962).                                                  Lisa's part of tax on joint return 
Credit for federal tax paid on fuels.                                            ($5,472 × 85.5% (0.855)) . . . . .                                 $ 4,679
Qualified sick and family leave credits from Schedule(s) 
  H.                                                                               Lisa enters $4,679 on line 10.
Credit determined under section 1341(a)(5)(B).
                                                                                   If you didn’t file a return for 2022 or if your 2022 tax year 
To figure the amount of the section 1341 credit, see 
                                                                                   was less than 12 months, don’t complete line 10. Instead, 
Repayments in Pub. 525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income.
                                                                                   enter the amount from line 7 on line 11. However, see 
Line 8                                                                             Exceptions to the Penalty, earlier.
Enter the taxes withheld shown on the following.                                           Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1041 filers: You may exclude 
Schedule 3 (Form 1040), line 11, if you filed with Form                          !       the amount of your net tax liability under section 965 
  1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR.                                                       CAUTION when calculating the amount of your maximum 
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 25d.                                                  required annual payment based on your prior year’s tax.
Form 1040-NR, lines 25d, 25e, 25f, and 25g.
Form 1041, Schedule G, line 14.                                                  Paperwork Reduction Act Notice.              We ask for the 
Filers of Form 8689, Allocation of Individual Income Tax                           information on this form to carry out the Internal Revenue 
to the U.S. Virgin Islands.        Also enter on this line the                     laws of the United States. You are required to give us the 
amount from Form 8689, lines 41 and 46, that you entered on                        information. We need it to ensure that you are complying with 
your 2023 Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 33.                                           these laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right 
                                                                                   amount of tax.
Line 10                                                                            You are not required to provide the information requested 
Figure your 2022 tax using the taxes and credits shown on                          on a form that is subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act 
your 2022 tax return. Use the same type of taxes and credits                       unless the form displays a valid OMB control number. Books 
as shown on lines 1, 2, and 4.                                                     or records relating to a form or its instructions must be 
2022 separate returns and 2023 joint return.                 If you are            retained as long as their contents may become material in the 
filing a joint return for 2023 but you didn’t file a joint return for              administration of any Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax 
2022, add the tax shown on your 2022 return to the tax                             returns and return information are confidential, as required by 
shown on your spouse’s 2022 return and enter the total on                          section 6103.
line 10 (both taxes figured as explained earlier).
                                                                                   The time needed to complete and file this form will vary 
If you file a joint return with your spouse for 2023, but you 
                                                                                   depending on individual circumstances. The estimated 
filed separate returns for 2022, your 2022 tax is the total of 
                                                                                   burden for individual taxpayers filing this form is approved 
the tax shown on your separate returns. You filed a separate 
                                                                                   under OMB control number 1545-0074 and is included in the 
return if you filed as single, head of household, or married 
                                                                                   estimates shown in the instructions for their individual income 
filing separately.
                                                                                   tax return. The estimated burden for all other taxpayers who 
                                                                                   file this form is as follows.

Instructions for Form 2210-F (2023)                                             -3-



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Recordkeeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      39 min.     If you have comments concerning the accuracy of these 
                                                                              time estimates or suggestions for making this form simpler, 
Learning about the law or the form. . . . . . . . . . .           06 min.     we would be happy to hear from you. See the instructions for 
Preparing the form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      36 min.     the tax return with which this form is filed.
Copying, assembling, and sending the form to 
the IRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 min.

                                                                          -4- Instructions for Form 2210-F (2023)






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