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                                                                                                      Department of the Treasury
                                                                                                      Internal Revenue Service
2022

Instructions for Form 8606

Nondeductible IRAs

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless             the IRA contribution limit) and any earnings (the portion of the 
otherwise noted.                                                       distribution subject to the 10% additional tax) allocable to the 
                                                                       excessive contribution, as long as the corrective distribution is 
                                                                       made on or before the due date (including extensions) of the 
Future Developments                                                    income tax return. See Pub. 590-B, Distributions to Individual 
For the latest information about developments related to 2022          Retirement Arrangements (IRAs), for more details.
Form 8606 and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after      Coronavirus-related distributions. Coronavirus-related 
they were published, go to IRS.gov/Form8606.                           distributions don't appear on 2022 Form 8606 and aren't 
                                                                       mentioned in these instructions, as they can't be made after 
What's New                                                             December 30, 2020.
Form 8915-F and qualified 2021 and later disasters.        As a        Modified AGI limit for Roth IRA contributions increased. 
result of section 331 of the Secure 2.0 Act of 2022, enacted           You can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2022 only if your 2022 
December 29, 2022, Presidentially declared major disasters             modified adjusted gross income (AGI) for Roth IRA purposes is 
whose beginning date is on or after January 26, 2021, are              less than:
qualified disasters eligible for the special tax benefits of qualified $214,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse;
disaster distributions in Parts I through III of Form 8915-F,          $144,000 if single, head of household, or married filing 
Qualified Disaster Retirement Plan Distributions and                   separately and you didn’t live with your spouse at any time in 
Repayments. Section 331 also made those disasters eligible for         2022; or
the special tax benefits of qualified distributions in Part IV of that $10,000 if married filing separately and you lived with your 
form.                                                                  spouse at any time in 2022.
                                                                       See Roth IRAs, later.
      Presidentially declared major disasters are also called 
TIP   federally declared major disasters.                              Due date for contributions. The due date for making 
                                                                       contributions for 2022 to your IRA for most people is Tuesday, 
                                                                       April 18, 2023.
References to 2022 Form 8915-F.    References to 2022 Form 
8915-F in these instructions are to 2022 Form 8915-F (2021 
disasters) and 2022 Form 8915-F (2022 disasters) as described          General Instructions
below.
Form 8915-F is called Form 8915-F (2021 disasters) when                Purpose of Form
the qualified disasters began in 2021. 2022 Form 8915-F (2021          Use Form 8606 to report:
disasters) is used to report qualified 2021 disaster distributions     Nondeductible contributions you made to traditional IRAs;
made in 2022, qualified distributions received in 2022 for the         Distributions from traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRAs, if you 
purchase or construction of a main home in the area of a 2021          have a basis in these IRAs;
disaster and reportable in 2022 on Part IV of 2022 Form 8915-F         Conversions from traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRAs to Roth 
(2021 disasters), and repayments of those distributions made for       IRAs; and
2022.                                                                  Distributions from Roth IRAs.
Form 8915-F is called Form 8915-F (2022 disasters) when                Additional information. For more details on IRAs, see Pub. 
the qualified disasters began in 2022. 2022 Form 8915-F (2022          590-A and Pub. 590-B, Distributions from Individual Retirement 
disasters) is used to report qualified 2022 disaster distributions     Arrangements (IRAs).
made in 2022, qualified distributions received in 2022 for the               If you received distributions from a traditional, SEP, or 
purchase or construction of a main home in the area of a 2022          TIP   SIMPLE IRA in 2022 and you have never made 
disaster and reportable in 2022 on Part IV of 2022 Form 8915-F               nondeductible contributions (including nontaxable 
(2022 disasters), and repayments of those distributions made for       amounts you rolled over from a qualified retirement plan) to 
2022.                                                                  these IRAs, don’t report the distributions on 2022 Form 8606. 
2022 Forms 8915-F are relevant to the calculations on Form             Instead, see Lines 4a and 4b in the 2022 Instructions for Form 
8606, lines 6, 7, 15b, 19, and 25b. The instructions for those         1040 or the 2022 Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Also, to find out 
lines have been updated as needed.                                     if any of your contributions to traditional IRAs are deductible, see 
Filing status name changed to qualifying surviving spouse.             the instructions for Schedule 1 in the Instructions for Form 1040.
The filing status qualifying widow(er) is now called qualifying 
surviving spouse. The rules for the filing status have not             Who Must File
changed. The same rules that applied for qualifying widow(er)          File Form 8606 if any of the following apply.
apply to qualifying surviving spouse. See Qualifying surviving         You made nondeductible contributions to a traditional IRA for 
spouse in the 2022 Instructions for Form 1040.                         2022, including a repayment of a qualified disaster, a qualified 
Certain corrective distributions not subject to 10% early              reservist, or a qualified birth or adoption distribution.
distribution tax. Beginning with distributions made on                 You received distributions from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE 
December 29, 2022, and after, the 10% additional tax on early          IRA in 2022 and your basis in these IRAs is more than zero. For 
distributions will not apply to a corrective IRA distribution, which   this purpose, a distribution doesn’t include a distribution that is 
consists of an excessive contribution (a contribution greater than     rolled over (other than a repayment of a qualified disaster 

Mar 30, 2023                                                  Cat. No. 25399E



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distribution (see 2022 Form 8915-F)), qualified charitable              SEP IRAs
distribution, one-time distribution to fund an HSA, conversion,         A simplified employee pension (SEP) is an employer-sponsored 
recharacterization, or return of certain contributions.                 plan under which an employer can make contributions to 
You or your spouse transferred all or part of their traditional,      traditional IRAs for its employees. If you make contributions to 
SEP, or SIMPLE IRA in 2022 to the other spouse under a                  that IRA (excluding employer contributions you make if you are 
divorce or separation agreement where the transfer resulted in a        self-employed), they are treated as contributions to a traditional 
change in the basis of the IRA of either spouse.                        IRA and may be deductible or nondeductible. SEP IRA 
You converted an amount from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE            distributions are reported in the same manner as traditional IRA 
IRA to a Roth IRA in 2022.                                              distributions.
You received distributions from a Roth IRA in 2022 (other than 
a rollover, recharacterization, or return of certain                    SIMPLE IRAs
contributions—see the instructions for Part III, later).
You received a distribution from an inherited traditional, SEP,       A SIMPLE IRA plan is a tax-favored retirement plan that certain 
or SIMPLE IRA that has a basis, or you received a distribution          small employers (including self-employed individuals) can set up 
from an inherited Roth IRA that wasn’t a qualified distribution.        for the benefit of their employees. Your participation in your 
You may need to file more than one Form 8606. See IRA with              employer's SIMPLE IRA plan doesn’t prevent you from making 
basis under What if You Inherit an IRA? in Pub. 590-B for more          contributions to a traditional or Roth IRA. SIMPLE IRA plans are 
information.                                                            also known as Savings Incentive Match Plans for Employees.

Note. If you recharacterized a 2022 Roth IRA contribution as a          Roth IRAs
traditional IRA contribution, or vice versa, treat the contribution     A Roth IRA is similar to a traditional IRA, but has the following 
as having been made to the second IRA, not the first IRA. See           features.
Recharacterizations, later.                                             Contributions are never deductible.
         You don’t have to file Form 8606 solely to report regular      No minimum distributions are required during the Roth IRA 
TIP      contributions to Roth IRAs. But see What Records Must          owner's lifetime.
         I Keep, later.                                                 Qualified distributions aren’t includible in income.
                                                                        Qualified distribution.  Generally, a qualified distribution is any 
When and Where To File                                                  distribution from your Roth IRA that meets the following 
                                                                        requirements.
File 2022 Form 8606 with your 2022 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 
1040-NR by the due date, including extensions, of your return.            1. It is made after the 5-year period beginning with the first 
                                                                        year for which a contribution was made to a Roth IRA (including 
  If you aren’t required to file an income tax return but are           a conversion or a rollover from a qualified retirement plan) set up 
required to file Form 8606, sign Form 8606 and send it to the IRS       for your benefit.
at the same time and place you would otherwise file Form 1040, 
                                                                          2. The distribution is made:
1040-SR, or 1040-NR. Be sure to include your address on 
page 1 of the form and your signature and the date on page 2 of           a. On or after the date you reach age 59 / ,1 2
the form.                                                                 b. After your death,
                                                                          c. Due to your disability, or
Definitions
                                                                          d. For qualified first-time homebuyer expenses.
Deemed IRAs                                                             Contributions.   You can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2022 only 
A qualified employer plan (retirement plan) can maintain a              if your 2022 modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes is less than:
separate account or annuity under the plan (a deemed IRA) to            $214,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse;
receive voluntary employee contributions. If in 2022 you had a          $144,000 if single, head of household, or married filing 
deemed IRA, use the rules for either a traditional IRA or a Roth        separately and you didn’t live with your spouse at any time in 
IRA depending on which type it was. See Pub. 590-A for more             2022; or
details.                                                                $10,000 if married filing separately and you lived with your 
                                                                        spouse at any time in 2022.
Traditional IRAs
                                                                          Use the Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet to figure 
For purposes of Form 8606, a traditional IRA is an individual           the maximum amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2022. 
retirement account or an individual retirement annuity other than       If you are married filing jointly, complete the worksheet 
a SEP, SIMPLE, or Roth IRA.                                             separately for you and your spouse.
Contributions. An overall contribution limit applies to traditional            If you contributed too much to your Roth IRA, see 
IRAs and Roth IRAs. See Overall Contribution Limit for                    !    Recharacterizations, later.
Traditional and Roth IRAs, later. Contributions to a traditional        CAUTION
IRA may be fully deductible, partially deductible, or completely 
nondeductible.                                                          Modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes.  First, figure your AGI 
                                                                        (2022 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 11). Then, refigure 
Basis.  Your basis in traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE IRAs is the          it by:
total of all your nondeductible contributions and nontaxable 
amounts included in rollovers made to these IRAs minus the                1. Subtracting:
total of all your nontaxable distributions, adjusted if necessary         a. Roth IRA conversions included on Form 1040, 1040-SR, 
(see the instructions for line 2, later).                               or 1040-NR, line 4b; and
         Keep track of your basis to figure the nontaxable part of        b. Roth IRA rollovers from qualified retirement plans 
                                                                        included on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 5b; and
  !      your future distributions.
CAUTION                                                                   2. Adding:
                                                                          a. IRA deduction from Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 20;

                                                                    -2-                            Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)



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Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet                                                         Keep for Your Records

Caution: If married filing jointly and the combined taxable compensation (defined below) for you and your spouse is 
less than $12,000 ($13,000 if one spouse is age 50 or older at the end of 2022; $14,000 if both spouses are age 50 or 
older at the end of 2022), don’t use this worksheet. Instead, see Pub. 590-A for special rules.
   1. If married filing jointly, enter $6,000 ($7,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2022). All 
      others, enter the smaller of $6,000 ($7,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2022) or 
      your taxable compensation (defined below) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                   1.  
   2. Enter your total contributions to traditional IRAs for 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                       2.  
   3. Subtract line 2 from line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .               3.  
   4. Enter: $214,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse; $10,000 if 
      married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time in 2022. All 
      others, enter $144,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                4.  
   5. Enter your modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes (discussed earlier) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                     5.  
   6. Subtract line 5 from line 4. If zero or less, stop here; you may not contribute to a 
      Roth IRA for 2022. See Recharacterizations, later, if you made Roth IRA 
      contributions for 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .              6.  
   7. If line 4 above is $144,000, enter $15,000; otherwise, enter $10,000. If line 6 is more 
      than or equal to line 7, skip lines 8 and 9 and enter the amount from line 3 on 
      line 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.  
   8. Divide line 6 by line 7 and enter the result as a decimal (rounded to at least 3 
      places) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.  
   9. Multiply line 1 by line 8. If the result isn’t a multiple of $10, increase it to the next 
      multiple of $10 (for example, increase $490.30 to $500). Enter the result, but not 
      less than $200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        9.  
10. Maximum 2022 Roth IRA Contribution. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 9. See 
      Recharacterizations, later, if you contributed more than this amount to Roth IRAs 
      for 2022  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   10.  

b. Student loan interest deduction from Schedule 1 (Form         g. Foreign housing exclusion or deduction from Form 2555.
1040), line 21;
                                                                         When figuring modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes, you 
c. Reserved for future use;                                      !       may have to refigure items based on modified AGI, such 
d. Exclusion of interest from Form 8815, Exclusion of            CAUTION as taxable social security benefits and passive activity 
Interest From Series EE and I U.S. Savings Bonds Issued After    losses allowed under the special allowance for rental real estate 
1989;                                                            activities. See Can You Contribute to a Roth IRA? in Pub. 590-A 
e. Exclusion of employer-provided adoption benefits from         for details.
Form 8839, Qualified Adoption Expenses;
                                                                 Distributions.  See the instructions for Part III, later.
f.    Foreign earned income exclusion from Form 2555, 
Foreign Earned Income; and

Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)                             -3-



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Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and                            of your return (including extensions) and reflect it on your return. 
                                                                          However, if you timely filed your return without making the 
Roth IRAs
                                                                          transfer, you can make the transfer within 6 months of the due 
If you aren’t married filing jointly, your limit on contributions to      date of your return, excluding extensions. If necessary, file an 
traditional and Roth IRAs is generally the smaller of $6,000              amended return reflecting the transfer (see Amending Form 
($7,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2022) or your taxable            8606, later). Enter “Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2” on the 
compensation (defined below).                                             amended return.
  If you are married filing jointly, your contribution limit is           No recharacterizations of conversions made in 2018 or lat-
generally $6,000 ($7,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2022)           er. A conversion of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, and a 
and your spouse's contribution limit is $6,000 ($7,000 if age 50          rollover from any other eligible retirement plan to a Roth IRA, 
or older at the end of 2022) as well. But if the combined taxable         made in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, cannot 
compensation of both you and your spouse is less than $12,000             be recharacterized as having been made to a traditional IRA.
($13,000 if one spouse is age 50 or older at the end of 2022; 
$14,000 if both spouses are age 50 or older at the end of 2022),          Reporting recharacterizations. Treat any recharacterized IRA 
see Kay Bailey Hutchison Spousal IRA Limit in Pub. 590-A for              contribution as though the amount of the contribution was 
special rules.                                                            originally contributed to the second IRA, not the first IRA. For the 
                                                                          recharacterization, you must transfer the amount of the original 
  This limit doesn’t apply to employer contributions to a SEP or          contribution plus any related earnings or less any related loss. In 
SIMPLE IRA.                                                               most cases, your IRA trustee or custodian figures the amount of 
                                                                          the related earnings you must transfer. If you need to figure the 
Note. Rollovers, Roth IRA conversions, Roth IRA rollovers from            related earnings, see How Do You Recharacterize a 
qualified retirement plans, and repayments of qualified disaster          Contribution? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-A. Treat any earnings or 
distributions, qualified reservist distributions, and qualified birth     loss that occurred in the first IRA as having occurred in the 
or adoption distributions don’t affect your contribution limit.           second IRA. You can’t deduct any loss that occurred while the 
        The amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA may also              funds were in the first IRA. Also, you can’t take a deduction for a 
                                                                          contribution to a traditional IRA if you later recharacterize the 
  !     be limited by your modified AGI (see Contributions, 
CAUTION earlier, and the Maximum Roth IRA Contribution                    amount. The following discussion explains how to report the two 
Worksheet).                                                               different types of recharacterizations, including the statement 
                                                                          that you must attach to your return explaining the 
Difficulty of care payments. For contributions for 2022, you              recharacterization.
may elect to increase the nondeductible IRA contribution limit by         1. You made a contribution to a traditional IRA and later 
some or all of the amount of difficulty of care payments, which           recharacterized part or all of it in a trustee-to-trustee transfer to a 
are a type of qualified foster care payment, received. For details,       Roth IRA. If you recharacterized only part of the contribution, 
see 2022 Pub. 590-A.                                                      report the nondeductible traditional IRA portion of the remaining 
Taxable compensation.    Taxable compensation includes the                contribution, if any, on Form 8606, Part I. If you recharacterized 
following.                                                                the entire contribution, don’t report the contribution on Form 
Wages, salaries, tips, etc. If you received a distribution from a       8606. In either case, attach a statement to your return explaining 
nonqualified deferred compensation plan or nongovernmental                the recharacterization. If the recharacterization occurred in 2022, 
section 457 plan that is included in box 1 of Form W-2 or in box 1        include the amount transferred from the traditional IRA on 2022 
of Form 1099-NEC, don’t include that distribution in taxable              Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a. If the 
compensation. The distribution should be shown in (a) box 11 of           recharacterization occurred in 2023, report the amount 
Form W-2, (b) box 12 of Form W-2 with code Z, or (c) box 14 of            transferred only in the attached statement, and not on your 2022 
Form 1099-MISC. If it isn’t, contact your employer for the amount         or 2023 tax return. See Example next.
of the distribution.                                                      Example. You are single, covered by an employer retirement 
Nontaxable combat pay if you were a member of the U.S.                  plan, and you contributed $4,000 to a new traditional IRA on May 
Armed Forces.                                                             27, 2022. On February 24, 2023, you determine that your 2022 
Self-employment income. If you are self-employed (a sole                modified AGI will limit your traditional IRA deduction to $1,000. 
proprietor or a partner), taxable compensation is your net                The value of your traditional IRA on that date is $4,400. On the 
earnings from your trade or business (provided your personal              same date, you recharacterize $3,000 of the traditional IRA 
services are a material income-producing factor) reduced by               contribution as a Roth IRA contribution, and have $3,300 
your deduction for contributions made on your behalf to                   ($3,000 contribution plus $300 related earnings) transferred from 
retirement plans and the deductible part of your self-employment          your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer. 
tax.                                                                      You deduct the $1,000 traditional IRA contribution on your 2022 
Alimony and separate maintenance pursuant to a divorce or               Form 1040. You don’t file a 2022 Form 8606. You attach a 
separation agreement entered into before January 1, 2019,                 statement to your 2022 return explaining the recharacterization. 
unless that agreement was changed after December 31, 2018,                The statement indicates that you contributed $4,000 to a 
to expressly provide that alimony received isn't included in the          traditional IRA on May 27, 2022; recharacterized $3,000 of that 
recipient's income.                                                       contribution on February 24, 2023, by transferring $3,000 plus 
Certain non-tuition fellowship and stipend payments. For                $300 of related earnings from your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA 
details, see Pub. 590-A.                                                  in a trustee-to-trustee transfer; and deducted the remaining 
  See What Is Compensation? under Who Can Open a                          traditional IRA contribution of $1,000 on your 2022 Form 1040. 
Traditional IRA? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-A for details.                  You don’t report the $3,300 distribution from your traditional IRA 
                                                                          on your 2022 Form 1040 because the distribution occurred in 
Recharacterizations                                                       2023. You don’t report the distribution on your 2023 Form 1040 
                                                                          because the recharacterization related to 2022 and was 
Generally, you can recharacterize (correct) an IRA contribution           explained in an attachment to your 2022 return.
by making a trustee-to-trustee transfer from one IRA to another 
type of IRA. Trustee-to-trustee transfers are made directly               2. You made a contribution to a Roth IRA and later 
between financial institutions or within the same financial               recharacterized part or all of it in a trustee-to-trustee transfer to a 
institution. You must generally make the transfer by the due date         traditional IRA. Report the nondeductible traditional IRA portion 

                                                                      -4-                         Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)



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of the recharacterized contribution, if any, on Form 8606, Part I.       If you made a contribution for 2021 and you had it returned to 
Don’t report the Roth IRA contribution (whether or not you               you in 2022 as described above, don’t report the distribution on 
recharacterized all or part of it) on Form 8606. Attach a                your 2022 tax return. Instead, report it on your 2021 original or 
statement to your return explaining the recharacterization. If the       amended return in the manner described above.
recharacterization occurred in 2022, include the amount 
transferred from the Roth IRA on your 2022 Form 1040,                    Example. On May 23, 2022, you contributed $4,000 to your 
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a. If the recharacterization occurred         traditional IRA that has a basis. The value of the IRA was 
in 2023, report the amount transferred only in the attached              $18,000 prior to the contribution. On December 29, 2022, when 
statement, and not on your 2022 or 2023 tax return. See                  you are age 57 and the value of the IRA is $23,600, you realize 
Example next.                                                            you can’t make the entire contribution because your taxable 
                                                                         compensation for the year will be too small. You decide to have 
Example. You are single, covered by an employer retirement               $1,000 of the contribution returned to you and withdraw $1,073 
plan, and you contributed $4,000 to a new Roth IRA on June 16,           from your IRA ($1,000 contribution plus $73 earnings). You 
2022. On December 29, 2022, you determine that your 2022                 didn’t make any other withdrawals or contributions. You don’t file 
modified AGI will allow a full traditional IRA deduction. On that        a 2022 Form 8606. You deduct the $3,000 remaining 
same date, you recharacterize the Roth IRA contribution as a             contribution on your 2022 Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 20. You 
traditional IRA contribution and have $4,200, the balance in the         include $1,073 on your 2022 Form 1040, line 4a, and $73 on 
Roth IRA account ($4,000 contribution plus $200 related                  line 4b. You attach a statement to your tax return explaining the 
earnings), transferred from your Roth IRA to a traditional IRA in a      distribution. Because you properly removed the excess 
trustee-to-trustee transfer. You deduct the $4,000 traditional IRA       contribution with the related earnings by the due date of your tax 
contribution on your 2022 Form 1040. You don’t file a Form               return, you aren’t subject to the additional 6% tax on excess 
8606. You attach a statement to your return explaining the               contributions, reported on Form 5329. However, because you 
recharacterization. The statement indicates that you contributed         were under age 59 /  at the time of the distribution, the $73 of 1 2
$4,000 to a new Roth IRA on June 16, 2022; recharacterized               earnings is subject to the additional 10% tax on early 
that contribution on December 29, 2022, by transferring $4,200,          distributions. You include $7.30 on Schedule 2 (Form 1040), 
the balance in the Roth IRA, to a traditional IRA in a                   line 8.
trustee-to-trustee transfer; and deducted the traditional IRA 
contribution of $4,000 on your 2022 Form 1040. You include the           Return of Excess Traditional IRA 
$4,200 distribution from your Roth IRA on your 2022 Form 1040, 
line 4a.                                                                 Contributions
                                                                         The return (distribution) in 2022 of excess traditional IRA 
Return of IRA Contributions                                              contributions for years prior to 2022 isn’t taxable if all three of the 
If, in 2022, you made traditional IRA contributions or Roth IRA          following apply.
contributions for 2022 and you had those contributions returned          1. The distribution was made after the due date, including 
to you with any related earnings (or minus any loss) by the due          extensions, of your tax return for the year for which the 
date (including extensions) of your 2022 tax return, the returned        contribution was made (if the distribution was made earlier, see 
contributions are treated as if they were never contributed. Don’t       Return of IRA Contributions, earlier).
report the contribution or distribution on Form 8606 or take a           2. No deduction was allowable (without regard to the 
deduction for the contribution. However, you must include the            modified AGI limitation) or taken for the excess contributions.
amount of the distribution of the returned contributions you made 
in 2022 and any related earnings on your 2022 Form 1040,                 3. The total contributions (excluding rollovers) to your 
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a. Also include the related earnings          traditional and SEP IRAs for the year for which the excess 
on your 2022 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4b. Attach             contributions were made didn’t exceed the amounts shown in 
a statement explaining the distribution. Also, if you were under         the following table.
age 59 /  at the time of a distribution with related earnings, you 1 2
are generally subject to the additional 10% tax on early                 Year(s)               Contribution    Contribution limit if 
distributions (see Form 5329, Additional Taxes on Qualified                                          limit     age 50 or older at 
Plans (Including IRAs) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts, and its                                                 the end of the year
instructions).                                                           2019 through 2021          $6,000            $7,000
If you timely filed your 2022 tax return without withdrawing a           2013 through 2018          $5,500            $6,500
contribution that you made in 2022, you can still have the 
contribution returned to you within 6 months of the due date of          2008 through 2012          $5,000            $6,000
your 2022 tax return, excluding extensions. If you do, file an           2006 or 2007               $4,000            $5,000
amended return for your 2022 tax year with “Filed pursuant to            2005                       $4,000            $4,500
section 301.9100-2” entered at the top. Report any related 
earnings on the amended return and include an explanation of             2002 through 2004          $3,000            $3,500
the withdrawn contribution. Make any other necessary changes             1997 through 2001          $2,000            
on the amended return (for example, if you reported the 
contributions as excess contributions on your original return,           before 1997                $2,250            
include an amended Form 5329 reflecting that the withdrawn 
contributions are no longer treated as having been contributed).
In most cases, the related earnings that you must withdraw               If the excess contribution to your traditional IRA for the year 
are figured by your IRA trustee or custodian. If you need to figure      included a rollover and the excess occurred because the 
the related earnings on IRA contributions that were returned to          information the plan was required to give you was incorrect, 
you, see Contributions Returned Before Due Date of Return in             increase the contribution limit amount for the year shown in the 
chapter 1 of Pub. 590-A. If you made a contribution or                   table above by the amount of the excess that is due to the 
distribution while the IRA held the returned contribution, see           incorrect information.
Pub. 590-A.                                                              If the total contributions for the year included employer 
                                                                         contributions to a SEP IRA, increase the contribution limit 
Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)                                     -5-



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amount for the year shown in the table above by the smaller of            contribution or vice versa if you make the change within the time 
the amount of the employer contributions or:                              limit for filing Form 1040-X, Amended U.S. Individual Income 
                                                                          Tax Return (see When To File in the Form 1040-X instructions). 
2021                                    $58,000                           You may also be able to make a recharacterization (discussed 
2020                                    $57,000                           earlier). If necessary, complete a new Form 8606 showing the 
2019                                    $56,000                           revised information and file it with Form 1040-X.

2018                                    $55,000                           Penalty for Not Filing
2017                                    $54,000                           If you are required to file Form 8606 to report a nondeductible 
                                                                          contribution to a traditional IRA for 2022, but don’t do so, you 
2015 or 2016                            $53,000                           must pay a $50 penalty, unless you can show reasonable cause.
2014                                    $52,000
                                                                          Overstatement Penalty
2013                                    $51,000
                                                                          If you overstate your nondeductible contributions, you must pay 
2012                                    $50,000                           a $100 penalty, unless you can show reasonable cause.
2009, 2010, or 2011                     $49,000
                                                                          What Records Must I Keep?
2008                                    $46,000
                                                                          To verify the nontaxable part of distributions from your IRAs, 
2007                                    $45,000                           including Roth IRAs, keep a copy of the following forms and 
2006                                    $44,000                           records until all distributions are made.
                                                                          Page 1 of Forms 1040 or 1040-SR (or Forms 1040A, 
2005                                    $42,000                           1040-NR, or 1040-T) filed for each year you made a 
2004                                    $41,000                           nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA.
                                                                          Forms 8606 and any supporting statements, attachments, 
2002 or 2003                            $40,000                           and worksheets for all applicable years.
2001                                    $35,000                           Forms 5498, IRA Contribution Information, or similar 
                                                                          statements you received each year showing contributions you 
before 2001                             $30,000                           made to a traditional IRA or Roth IRA.
                                                                          Forms 5498 or similar statements you received showing the 
                                                                          value of your traditional IRAs for each year you received a 
  Include the total amount distributed on 2022 Form 1040,                 distribution.
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a; and attach a statement to your              Forms 1099-R or W-2P you received for each year you 
return explaining the distribution. See Example, later.                   received a distribution.
  If you meet these conditions and are otherwise required to file 
                                                                          Note.  Forms 1040-T, 1040A, and W-2P are forms that were 
Form 8606:
                                                                          used in prior years.
Don’t take into account the amount of the withdrawn 
contributions in figuring line 2 (for 2022 or for any later year), and
Don’t include the amount of the withdrawn contributions on              Specific Instructions
line 7.
  Example.  You are single, you retired in 2019, and you had no           Name and social security number (SSN).     If you file a joint 
taxable compensation after 2019. However, you made traditional            return, enter only the name and SSN of the spouse whose 
IRA contributions (that you didn’t deduct) of $3,000 in 2020 and          information is being reported on Form 8606.
$4,000 in 2021. In December 2022, a tax practitioner informed             More than one Form 8606 required.        If both you and your 
you that you had made excess contributions for those years                spouse are required to file Form 8606, file a separate Form 8606 
because you had no taxable compensation. In December 2022,                for each of you. If you are required to file Form 8606 for IRAs 
you withdrew the $7,000 and filed amended returns for 2020 and            inherited from more than one decedent, file a separate Form 
2021 reflecting the additional 6% tax on excess contributions on          8606 for the IRA from each decedent.
Form 5329. You include the $7,000 distribution on your 2022 
Form 1040, line 4a; enter -0- on line 4b; and attach a statement          Part I—Nondeductible Contributions 
to your return explaining the distribution, including the fact that 
you filed amended returns for 2020 and 2021, and paid the                 to Traditional IRAs and Distributions 
additional 6% tax on the excess contributions for those years. 
The statement indicates that the distribution isn’t taxable               From Traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE 
because (a) it was made after the due dates of your 2020 and              IRAs
2021 tax returns, including extensions; (b) your total IRA 
contributions for 2020 and for 2021 didn’t exceed $6,000                  Line 1
($7,000 if age 50 or older at the end of that year); and (c) you 
didn’t take a deduction for the contributions, and no deduction           If you used the IRA Deduction Worksheet in the Form 1040 
was allowable because you didn’t have any taxable                         instructions or as referred to in the Form 1040-NR instructions, 
compensation for those years. The statement also indicates that           subtract line 12 of the worksheet (or the amount you chose to 
the distribution reduced your excess contributions to -0-, as             deduct on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 20, if less) from the 
reflected on your amended 2020 and 2021 Forms 5329. Don’t                 smaller of line 10 or line 11 of the worksheet. Enter the result on 
file a 2022 Form 8606. If you are required to file Form 8606 in a         line 1 of Form 8606. You can’t deduct the amount included on 
year after 2022, don’t include the $7,000 you withdrew in 2022            line 1.
on line 2.                                                                  If you used the worksheet Figuring Your Reduced IRA 
                                                                          Deduction for 2022 in Pub. 590-A, enter on line 1 of Form 8606 
Amending Form 8606                                                        any nondeductible contributions from the appropriate lines of 
Generally, after you file your return, you can change a                   that worksheet.
nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA to a deductible 

                                                                      -6-                         Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)



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  If you didn’t have any deductible contributions, you can make           of those amounts, including recharacterizations made after 
nondeductible contributions up to your contribution limit (see            December 31, 2022.
Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and Roth IRAs, earlier). 
Enter on line 1 of Form 8606 your nondeductible contributions.            For purposes of line 6, a rollover is a tax-free distribution from 
                                                                          one traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA that is contributed to 
  Include on line 1 any repayment of a qualified reservist                another traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA. The rollover must be 
distribution or a qualified birth or adoption distribution.               completed within 60 days after receiving the distribution from the 
                                                                          first IRA. An outstanding rollover is generally the amount of any 
  Don’t include on line 1 contributions that you had returned to          distribution received in 2022 after November 1, 2022, that was 
you with the related earnings (or less any loss). See Return of           rolled over in 2023, but within the 60-day rollover period. A 
IRA Contributions, earlier.                                               rollover between a SIMPLE IRA and a qualified retirement plan 
                                                                          or an IRA (other than a SIMPLE IRA) can only take place after 
Line 2                                                                    your first 2 years of participation in the SIMPLE IRA. See Pub. 
Generally, if this is the first year you are required to file Form        590-A for more details.
8606, enter -0-. Otherwise, use the Total Basis Chart to find the         Pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2020-46 in Internal Revenue Bulletin 
amount to enter on line 2.                                                2020-45, available at IRS.gov/irb/2020-45_IRB#REV-
  However, you may need to enter an amount that is more                   PROC-2020-46, you may make a written certification to a plan 
than -0- (even if this is the first year you are required to file Form    administrator or an IRA trustee that you missed the 60-day 
8606) or increase or decrease the amount from the chart if your           rollover contribution deadline because of one or more of the 12 
basis changed because of any of the following.                            reasons listed in Rev. Proc. 2020-46. See Rev. Proc. 2020-46 
You had a return of excess traditional IRA contributions (see           for information on how to self-certify for a waiver. Also see Time 
Return of Excess Traditional IRA Contributions, earlier).                 Limit for Making a Rollover Contribution under Can You Move 
Incident to divorce, you transferred or received part or all of a       Retirement Plan Assets? in Pub. 590-A for more information on 
traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA (see the last bulleted item under         ways to get a waiver of the 60-day rollover requirement.
Line 7, later).
You rolled over any nontaxable portion of your qualified                Note. Don’t include an outstanding rollover from a traditional, 
retirement plan to a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA that wasn’t          SEP, or SIMPLE IRA to a qualified retirement plan.
previously reported on Form 8606, line 2. Include the nontaxable                  Include, on line 6, qualified distributions from Part IV of 
portion on line 2.                                                        !       your 2022 Form(s) 8915-F, if any, you repaid in 2022 no 
                                                                          CAUTION later than the deadline for repayment.
Line 4
If you made contributions to traditional IRAs for 2022 in 2022 
and 2023 and you have both deductible and nondeductible                   Repayments in 2022 of Qualified Disaster 
contributions, you can choose to treat the contributions made in          Distributions
2022 first as nondeductible contributions and then as deductible 
contributions, or vice versa.                                             Do not reduce line 6 by qualified disaster distribution 
                                                                          repayments that were made in 2022 for qualified disaster 
  Example. You made contributions for 2022 of $2,000 in May               distributions made in years before 2022.
2022 and $2,000 in January 2023, of which $3,000 are 
deductible and $1,000 are nondeductible. You choose $1,000 of             The amount you would otherwise enter on line 6 should be 
your contribution in 2022 to be nondeductible. You enter the              reduced by the total amount of qualified disaster distribution 
$1,000 on line 1, but not line 4, and it becomes part of your basis       repayments that were made in 2022 for qualified disaster 
for 2022.                                                                 distributions made in 2022. If the result is zero or less, enter -0-.
  Although the contributions to traditional IRAs for 2022 that            Example. You received a $30,000 qualified disaster 
you made from January 1, 2023, through April 18, 2023, can be             distribution on May 2, 2022, from your traditional IRA. On 
treated as nondeductible, they aren’t included in figuring the            November 21, 2022, you made a repayment of $10,000 to your 
nontaxable part of any distributions you received in 2022.                traditional IRA. The value of all of your traditional, SEP, and 
                                                                          SIMPLE IRAs as of December 31, 2022, was $50,000. You had 
Line 6                                                                    no outstanding rollovers. You would enter $40,000 ($50,000 
                                                                          minus $10,000 repayment) on line 6.
Enter the total value of all your traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE 
IRAs as of December 31, 2022, plus any outstanding rollovers. A 
statement should be sent to you by January 31, 2023, showing 
the value of each IRA on December 31, 2022. However, if you 
recharacterized any amounts originally contributed, enter on 
line 6 the total value, taking into account all recharacterizations 
Total Basis Chart

IF the last Form 8606 you filed was for . . .                          THEN enter on line 2 . . .
a year after 2000 and before 2022                                      the amount from line 14 of that Form 8606.
a year after 1992 and before 2001                                      the amount from line 12 of that Form 8606.
a year after 1988 and before 1993                                      the amount from line 14 of that Form 8606.
1988                                                                   the total of the amounts on lines 7 and 16 of that Form 8606.
1987                                                                   the total of the amounts on lines 4 and 13 of that Form 8606.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)                                      -7-



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Line 7                                                                    2022, an $11,000 distribution, unrelated to a qualified disaster, 
                                                                          was made to you from your traditional IRA (that you did not roll 
        If you received a distribution in 2022 from a traditional,        over). You will report total distributions of $33,000 on Form 8606, 
  !     SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, and you also made contributions               line 7. You will then complete lines 8 through 14 as instructed. 
CAUTION for 2022 to a traditional IRA that may not be fully               Form 8606, line 15a, shows an amount of $30,000. You will 
deductible because of the income limits, you must make a                  enter $20,000 ($30,000 × $22,000/$33,000) on line 15b. You will 
special computation before completing the rest of this form. For          also enter $20,000 on 2022 Form 8915-F (2021 disasters), 
details, including how to complete Form 8606, see Are                     line 18.
Distributions Taxable? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-B.
                                                                          Example 2. In September 2022, an $2,500 distribution, 
  Don’t include any of the following on line 7.                           unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you from your 
Distributions that you converted to a Roth IRA.                         traditional IRA (that you did not roll over). Your main home was 
Recharacterizations of traditional IRA contributions to Roth            in California during the California Severe Winter Storms, 
IRA contributions.                                                        Flooding, Landslides, and Mudslides (DR-4683-CA), which 
Distributions you rolled over to another traditional, SEP, or           began December 27, 2022. You sustained an economic loss 
SIMPLE IRA (whether or not the distribution is an outstanding             because of that disaster. The end date for making distributions 
rollover included on line 6).                                             for this disaster is July 12, 2023. On December 29, 2022, 
Distributions you rolled over to a qualified retirement plan.           qualified disaster distributions were made to you from your 
A one-time distribution to fund an HSA. For details, see Pub.           traditional IRA in the amount of $7,500 that you reported on 2022 
969, Health Savings Accounts and Other Tax-Favored Health                 Form 8915-F (2022 disasters). You will report total distributions 
Plans.                                                                    of $10,000 on Form 8606, line 7. You will then complete lines 8 
Distributions that are treated as a return of contributions under       through 14 as instructed. Form 8606, line 15a, shows an amount 
Return of IRA Contributions, earlier.                                     of $8,000. You will enter $6,000 ($8,000 × $7,500/$10,000) on 
Qualified charitable distributions (QCDs). For details, see Are         line 15b. You will also enter $6,000 on 2022 Form 8915-F (2022 
Distributions Taxable? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-B.                        disasters), line 18.
Distributions that are treated as a return of excess 
contributions under Return of Excess Traditional IRA                      Example 3. Your main home was in California during the 
Contributions, earlier.                                                   California Wildfires (DR-4610-CA), which began July 14, 2021; 
Qualified distributions from Part IV of your 2022 Form(s)               and the California Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, 
8915-F, if any, you repaid in 2022 no later than the deadline for         and Mudslides (DR-4683-CA), which began December 27, 
repayment.                                                                2022. You sustained economic losses because of each of those 
Distributions that are incident to divorce. The transfer of part        disasters. The end dates for making distributions for those 
or all of your traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA to your spouse             disasters are June 26, 2023, and July 12, 2023, respectively. On 
under a divorce or separation agreement isn’t taxable to you or           August 5, 2022, and on December 29, 2022, qualified disaster 
your spouse. If this transfer results in a change in the basis of the     distributions were made to you from your traditional IRA in the 
IRA of either spouse, both spouses must file Form 8606 and                amount of $22,000 and $11,000 that you reported on 2022 Form 
show the increase or decrease in the amount of basis on line 2.           8915-F (2021 disasters) and 2022 Form 8915-F (2022 
Attach a statement explaining this adjustment. Include in the             disasters), respectively. $22,000 was the maximum amount of 
statement the character of the amounts in the IRA, such as the            qualified disaster distributions that could be made for the 2021 
amount attributable to nondeductible contributions. Also, include         disaster. In between those distributions, in September 2022, a 
the name and SSN of the other spouse.                                     $5,500 distribution, unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made 
                                                                          to you from your traditional IRA (that you did not roll over). You 
        Qualified disaster distributions. Be sure to include on           will report total distributions of $38,500 on Form 8606, line 7. 
  !     line 7 all qualified disaster distributions made in 2022,         You will then complete lines 8 through 14 as instructed. Form 
CAUTION even if they were later repaid.                                   8606, line 15a, shows an amount of $35,000. You will enter 
                                                                          $30,000 ($35,000 × $33,000/$38,500) on line 15b. You will also 
Line 8                                                                    enter $20,000 ($30,000 × $22,000/$33,000) on 2022 Form 
                                                                          8915-F (2021 disasters), line 18; and $10,000 ($30,000 × 
If, in 2022, you converted any amounts from traditional, SEP, or          $11,000/$33,000) on 2022 Form 8915-F (2022 disasters), 
SIMPLE IRAs to a Roth IRA, enter on line 8 the net amount you             line 18.
converted.
                                                                          Line 15c
Line 15b                                                                                      1 2
                                                                          If you were under age 59 /  at the time you received distributions 
If you have no qualified disaster distributions in 2022 from a            from your traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, there is generally an 
traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, enter -0- on line 15b. If all your       additional 10% tax on the portion of the distribution that is 
distributions in 2022 from those IRAs are qualified disaster              included in income (25% for a distribution from a SIMPLE IRA 
distributions, enter the amount from line 15a on line 15b. If you         during the first 2 years of your participation in the plan). See the 
have distributions in 2022 unrelated to qualified disasters, as           instructions for Schedule 2 (Form 1040), line 8; and the 
well as qualified disaster distributions, you will need to multiply       Instructions for Form 5329.
the amount on line 15a by a fraction. The numerator of the 
fraction is your total qualified disaster distributions, and the          Part II—2022 Conversions From 
denominator is the amount from Form 8606, line 7.
  Example 1.  Your main home was in Delaware during the                   Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRAs to 
Delaware Remnants of Hurricane Ida (DR-4627-DE), which                    Roth IRAs
began September 1, 2021. You sustained an economic loss 
                                                                          Complete Part II if you converted part or all of your traditional, 
because of that disaster. The end date for making distributions 
                                                                          SEP, or SIMPLE IRAs to a Roth IRA in 2022.
for this disaster is June 26, 2023. In January 2022, a qualified 
disaster distribution was made to you from your traditional IRA in 
the amount of $22,000 that you reported on 2022 Form 8915-F 
(2021 disasters). $22,000 was the maximum amount of qualified 
disaster distributions that could be made for that disaster. In July 

                                                                      -8-                            Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)



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Line 16                                                                  Line 22
If you didn’t complete line 8, see the instructions for that line.       Figure the amount to enter on line 22 as follows.
Then, enter on line 16 the amount you would have entered on              If you didn’t take a Roth IRA distribution before 2022 (other 
line 8 had you completed it.                                             than an amount rolled over or recharacterized or a returned 
                                                                         contribution), enter on line 22 the total of all your regular 
Line 17                                                                  contributions to Roth IRAs for 1998 through 2022 (excluding 
If you didn’t complete line 11, enter on line 17 the amount from         rollovers from other Roth IRAs and any contributions that you 
line 2 (or the amount you would have entered on line 2 if you had        had returned to you), adjusted for any recharacterizations.
completed that line) plus any contributions included on line 1 that      If you did take such a distribution before 2022, see the Basis 
you made before the conversion.                                          in Regular Roth IRA Contributions Worksheet to figure the 
                                                                         amount to enter.
Line 18                                                                  Increase the amount on line 22 by any amount rolled in from a 
                                                                         designated Roth account that is treated as investment in the 
If your entry on line 18 is zero or less, don’t include the result on 
                                                                         contract.
2022 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4b. Include the full 
amount of the distribution on 2022 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or                Increase or decrease the amount on line 22 by any basis in 
                                                                         regular contributions received or transferred incident to divorce. 
1040-NR, line 4a.
                                                                         Also attach a statement similar to the one explained in the last 
Part III—Distributions From Roth IRAs                                    bulleted item under Line 7, earlier.
                                                                         Increase the amount on line 22 by the amounts received as a 
Complete Part III to figure the taxable part, if any, of your 2022       military gratuity or SGLI payment that was rolled over to your 
Roth IRA distributions.                                                  Roth IRA.

Line 19                                                                  Line 23
Don’t include on line 19 any of the following.                           Generally, there is an additional 10% tax on 2022 distributions 
Distributions that you rolled over, including distributions made       from a Roth IRA that are shown on line 23. You will need to 
in 2022 and rolled over after December 31, 2022 (outstanding             complete lines 1 through 4 of Form 5329 to determine the 
rollovers).                                                              amounts from the Roth IRAs that are subject to the additional 
Recharacterizations.                                                   tax. See the instructions for Form 5329, Part I, for details and 
Distributions that are a return of contributions under Return of       exceptions.
IRA Contributions, earlier.
Distributions made on or after age 59 /  if you made a 1 2             Line 24
contribution (including a conversion or a rollover from a qualified 
retirement plan) for any year from 1998 through 2017.                    Figure the amount to enter on line 24 as follows.
A one-time distribution to fund an HSA. For details, see Pub.          If you have never made a Roth IRA conversion or rolled over 
969.                                                                     an amount from a qualified retirement plan to a Roth IRA, 
Qualified charitable distributions (QCDs). For details, see Are        enter -0- on line 24.
Distributions Taxable? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-B.                       If you took a Roth IRA distribution (other than an amount 
Distributions made upon death or due to disability if a                rolled over or recharacterized or a returned contribution) before 
contribution was made (including a conversion or a rollover from         2022 in excess of your basis in regular Roth IRA contributions, 
a qualified retirement plan) for any year from 1998 through 2017.        see the Basis in Roth IRA Conversions and Rollovers From 
Qualified distributions from Part IV of your 2022 Form(s)              Qualified Retirement Plans to Roth IRAs chart to figure the 
8915-F, if any, you repaid in 2022 no later than the deadline for        amount to enter on line 24.
repayment.                                                               If you didn’t take such a distribution before 2022, enter on 
Distributions that are incident to divorce. The transfer of part       line 24 the total of all your conversions to Roth IRAs. These 
or all of your Roth IRA to your spouse under a divorce or                amounts are shown on line 14c of your 1998, 1999, and 2000 
separation agreement isn’t taxable to you or your spouse.                Forms 8606 and line 16 of your 2001 through 2021 Forms 8606. 
                                                                         Also include on line 24 any amounts rolled over from a qualified 
         Qualified disaster distributions. Be sure to include on         retirement plan to a Roth IRA for 2008, 2009, and 2011 to 2022 
  !      line 19 all qualified disaster distributions made in 2022,      reported on your Form 1040, Form 1040-SR, Form 1040A, or 
CAUTION  even if they were later repaid, unless they fall under the      Form 1040-NR, and for 2010 reported on line 21 of your Form 
4th or 7th bullet above.                                                 8606. Don’t include amounts rolled in from a designated Roth 
                                                                         account because these amounts are included on line 22.
  If, after considering the items above, you don’t have an               Increase or decrease the amount on line 24 by any basis in 
amount to enter on line 19, don’t complete Part III; your Roth IRA       conversions to Roth IRAs and amounts rolled over from a 
distribution(s) isn’t taxable. Instead, include your total Roth IRA      qualified retirement plan to a Roth IRA received or transferred 
distribution(s) on 2022 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR,                  incident to divorce. Also attach a statement similar to the one 
line 4a.                                                                 explained in the last bulleted item under Line 7, earlier.

Line 20                                                                  Line 25b
If you had a qualified first-time homebuyer distribution from your       If you have no qualified disaster distributions in 2022 from a Roth 
Roth IRA and you made a contribution (including a conversion or          IRA, enter -0- on line 25b. If all your distributions in 2022 from 
a rollover from a qualified retirement plan) to a Roth IRA for any       Roth IRAs are qualified disaster distributions, enter the amount 
year from 1998 through 2017, enter the amount of your qualified          from line 25a on line 25b. If you have distributions in 2022 
expenses on line 20, but don’t enter more than $10,000 reduced           unrelated to qualified disasters, as well as qualified disaster 
by the total of all your prior qualified first-time homebuyer            distributions, you will need to multiply the amount on line 25a by 
distributions. For details, see Are Distributions Taxable? in            a fraction. The numerator of the fraction is your total qualified 
chapter 2 of Pub. 590-B.                                                 disaster distributions, and the denominator is the amount from 
                                                                         Form 8606, line 21.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)                                     -9-



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Example 1.  Your main home was in Delaware during the                distribution, unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you 
Delaware Remnants of Hurricane Ida (DR-4627-DE), which               from your Roth IRA (that you did not roll over). You will report 
began September 1, 2021. You sustained an economic loss              total distributions of $38,500 on Form 8606, line 19. You have no 
because of that disaster. The end date for making distributions      first-time homebuyer expenses reported on line 20, so you 
for this disaster is June 26, 2023. In January 2022, a qualified     would also enter $38,500 on line 21. You will then complete lines 
disaster distribution was made to you from your Roth IRA in the      22 through 24 as instructed. Form 8606, line 25a, shows an 
amount of $22,000 that you reported on 2022 Form 8915-F              amount of $35,000. You will enter $30,000 ($35,000 × 
(2021 disasters). $22,000 was the maximum amount of qualified        $33,000/$38,500) on line 25b. You will also enter $20,000 
disaster distributions that could be made for that disaster. In July ($30,000 × $22,000/$33,000) on 2022 Form 8915-F (2021 
2022, an $11,000 distribution, unrelated to a qualified disaster,    disasters), line 19; and $10,000 ($30,000 × $11,000/$33,000) on 
was made to you from your Roth IRA (that you did not roll over).     2022 Form 8915-F (2022 disasters), line 19.
You will report total distributions of $33,000 on Form 8606, 
line 19. You have no first-time homebuyer expenses reported on 
line 20, so you would also enter $33,000 on line 21. You will then   Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction 
complete lines 22 through 24 as instructed. Form 8606, line 25a,     Act Notice
shows an amount of $30,000. You will enter $20,000 ($30,000 × 
$22,000/$33,000) on line 25b. You will also enter $20,000 on         We ask for the information on this form to carry out the Internal 
2022 Form 8915-F (2021 disasters), line 19.                          Revenue laws of the United States. We need this information to 
Example 2. In September 2022, an $2,500 distribution,                ensure that you are complying with these laws and to allow us to 
unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you from your         figure and collect the right amount of tax. You are required to 
Roth IRA (that you did not roll over). Your main home was in         give us this information if you made certain contributions or 
California during the California Severe Winter Storms, Flooding,     received certain distributions from qualified plans, including IRAs 
Landslides, and Mudslides (DR-4683-CA), which began                  and other tax-favored accounts. Our legal right to ask for the 
December 27, 2022. You sustained economic losses because of          information requested on this form is sections 6001, 6011, 
that disaster. The end date for making qualified disaster            6012(a), and 6109 and their regulations. If you do not provide 
distributions for this disaster is July 12, 2023. On December 29,    this information, or you provide incomplete or false information, 
2022, qualified disaster distributions were made to you from your    you may be subject to penalties.
Roth IRA in the amount of $7,500 that you reported on 2022                You are not required to provide the information requested on 
Form 8915-F (2022 disasters). You will report total distributions    a form that is subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act unless the 
of $10,000 on Form 8606, line 19. You have no first-time             form displays a valid OMB control number. Books or records 
homebuyer expenses reported on line 20, so you would also            relating to a form or its instructions must be retained as long as 
enter $10,000 on line 21. You will then complete lines 22 through    their contents may become material in the administration of any 
24 as instructed. Form 8606, line 25a, shows an amount of            Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax returns and return 
$8,000. You will enter $6,000 ($8,000 × $7,500/$10,000) on           information are confidential, as required by section 6103. 
line 25b. You will also enter $6,000 on 2022 Form 8915-F (2022       However, we may give the information to the Department of 
disasters), line 19.                                                 Justice for civil and criminal litigation, and to cities, states, the 
Example 3.  Your main home was in California during the              District of Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and possessions 
California Wildfires (DR-4610-CA), which began July 14, 2021;        to carry out their tax laws. We may also disclose this information 
and the California Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides,       to other countries under a tax treaty, to federal and state 
and Mudslides (DR-4683-CA), which began December 27,                 agencies to enforce federal nontax criminal laws, or to federal 
2022. You sustained economic losses because of each of those         law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism.
disasters. The end dates for making distributions for those 
disasters are June 26, 2023, and July 12, 2023, respectively. On          The average time and expenses required to complete and file 
August 5, 2022, and on December 29, 2022, qualified disaster         this form will vary depending on individual circumstances. For 
distributions were made to you from your Roth IRA in the amount      the estimated averages, see the instructions for your income tax 
of $22,000 and $11,000 that you reported on 2022 Form 8915-F         return.
(2021 disasters) and 2022 Form 8915-F (2022 disasters), 
                                                                          If you have suggestions for making this form simpler, we 
respectively. $22,000 was the maximum amount of qualified 
                                                                     would be happy to hear from you. See the instructions for your 
disaster distributions that could be made for the 2021 disaster. In 
                                                                     income tax return.
between those distributions, in September 2022, a $5,500 

                                                                     -10-              Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)



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Before you begin, see the line 22 worksheet and line 24 chart below.

Basis in Regular Roth IRA Contributions Worksheet—Line 22
Before you begin: You will need your Form 8606 for the most recent year prior to 2022 when you received a distribution.
Note. Don’t complete this worksheet if you never received a distribution from your Roth IRAs prior to 2022.

1. Enter the most recent year prior to 2022 you reported distributions on 
   Form 8606 (for example, 2 0 1 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                               1.  
2. Enter your basis in Roth IRA contributions reported on Form 8606 for the 
   year entered on line 1 (see Table 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                           2.  
3. Enter your Roth IRA distributions* reported on Form 8606 for the year 
   entered on line 1 (see Table 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                        3.  
4. Subtract line 3 from line 2. Enter -0- if the resulting amount is zero or 
   less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                 4.  
5. Enter the total of all your regular contributions** to Roth IRAs after the 
   year entered on line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                 5.  
6. Add lines 4 and 5. Enter this amount on your 2022 Form 8606, 
   line 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                    6.  
* Excluding rollovers, recharacterizations, and contributions that you had returned to you.
** Excluding rollovers, conversions, and any contributions that you had returned to you.

                                                 Table 1 for Line 2 Above

IF the year entered on line 1 was . . .                                 THEN enter on line 2 the amount from . . . 
2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2009,                                                                        Form 8606, line 22.
2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, or 2004
2010                                                                                                                                           Form 8606, line 29.
2003, 2002, 2001                                                                                                                               Form 8606, line 20.
2000 or 1999                                                                                                                                   Form 8606, line 18d.
1998                                                                                                                                           Form 8606, line 19c.

                                                 Table 2 for Line 3 Above

IF the year entered on line 1 was . . .                                 THEN enter on line 3 the amount from . . .
2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2009,                                                                        Form 8606, line 19.
2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, or 2001
2010                                                                                                                                           Form 8606, line 26.
2000 or 1999                                                                                                                                   Form 8606, line 17.
1998                                                                                                                                           Form 8606, line 18.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)                -11-



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Basis in Roth IRA Conversions and Rollovers From Qualified Retirement Plans 
to Roth IRAs—Line 24

IF the most recent year prior to 2022 in 1    THEN enter on Form 8606, line 24 . . .                      PLUS the sum of the amounts on . . .
which you had a distribution  in excess of 
your basis in contributions was . . .
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2022 Form 8606 and 
 2021                                         the excess, if any, of your 2021 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 certain rollovers  reported on your 3
 line 19 of that Form 8606)
 (your 2021 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                  2022 return.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2021 Form 8606 and 
 2020                                         the excess, if any, of your 2020 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 certain rollovers  reported on your 3
 line 19 of that Form 8606)
 (your 2020 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                2021 and 2022 returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2020 through 2022 
 2019                                         the excess, if any, of your 2019 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2019 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2020 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2019 through 2022 
 2018                                         the excess, if any, of your 2018 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2018 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2019 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2018 through 2022 
 2017                                         the excess, if any, of your 2017 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2017 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2018 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2017 through 2022 
 2016                                         the excess, if any, of your 2016 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2016 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2017 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2016 through 2022 
 2015                                         the excess, if any, of your 2015 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2015 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2016 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2015 through 2022 
 2014                                         the excess, if any, of your 2014 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2014 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2015 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2014 through 2022 
 2013                                         the excess, if any, of your 2013 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2013 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2014 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                           line 16 of your 2013 through 2022 
 2012                                         the excess, if any, of your 2012 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2012 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2013 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                           line 16 of your 2012 through 2022 
 2011                                         the excess, if any, of your 2011 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  3
 (your 2011 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                reported on your 2012 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                                 tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2011 through 2022 3
                                                                                                          Forms 8606 and certain rollovers  
                                                                                                          reported on your 2011 through 2022 
                                              the excess, if any, of your 2010 Form 8606, line 31, over     tax returns;
 2010                                                           line 30 of that Form 8606                   OR
 (your 2010 Form 8606, line 29, was less than                                                              line 16 of your 2011 through 2022 
 line 26 of that Form 8606)                   (refigure line 30 without taking into account any amount    Forms 8606; lines 16 and 21 of your 4
                                                                entered on Form 8606, line 27)            2010 Form 8606  if you didn’t check 
                                                                                                          the box on line 19 or 24 of your 2010 3
                                                                                                          Form 8606; and certain rollovers  
                                                                                                          reported on your 2011 through 2022 
                                                                                                            tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2010 through 2022 
 2009                                         the excess, if any, of your 2009 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 4 3
 (your 2009 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)                                                                               on your 2011 through 2022 tax returns.
                                                                                                          line 16 of your 2009 through 2022 
                                                                                                          Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 
 2008                                         the excess, if any, of your 2008 Form 8606, line 24, over 2 8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 4 3
 (your 2008 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                   line 23  of that Form 8606                on your 2009 and 2011 through 2022 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)
                                                                                                            tax returns.
1 Excluding rollovers, recharacterizations, and contributions that you had returned to you.
2 Refigure line 23 without taking into account any amount entered on Form 8606, line 20.
3 Amounts rolled over from qualified retirement plans to Roth IRAs from your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 5a, for 2020 through 2022 returns; Form 1040 or 
1040-SR, line 4c, for 2019 returns; Form 1040, line 4a, for 2018 returns, and line 16a for 2017 and earlier returns; Form 1040A, line 12a (Form 1040A was retired in 
2018); or Form 1040-NR, line 17a, for 2019 and earlier returns. 
4 Don’t include any in-plan Roth rollovers entered on line 21.

                                                                -12-                                      Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)



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Basis in Roth IRA Conversions and Rollovers From Qualified Retirement Plans 
to Roth IRAs—Line 24 (continued)

IF the most recent year prior to 2022 in 1    THEN enter on Form 8606, line 24 . . .                       PLUS the sum of the amounts on . . .
which you had a distribution  in excess of 
your basis in contributions was . . .
                                                                                                           line 16 of your 2008 through 2022 
                                                                                                           Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 
 2007                                         the excess, if any, of your 2007 Form 8606, line 24, over 2  8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 4 3
 (your 2007 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                       line 23  of that Form 8606             on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns.
                                                                                                            line 16 of your 2007 through 2022 
                                                                                                           Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 
 2006                                         the excess, if any, of your 2006 Form 8606, line 24, over 2  8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 4 3
 (your 2006 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                       line 23  of that Form 8606             on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                           line 16 of your 2006 through 2022 
                                                                                                           Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 
 2005                                         the excess, if any, of your 2005 Form 8606, line 24, over 2  8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 4 3
 (your 2005 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                       line 23  of that Form 8606             on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns.
                                                                                                            line 16 of your 2005 through 2022 
                                                                                                           Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 
 2004                                         the excess, if any, of your 2004 Form 8606, line 24, over 2  8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 4 3
 (your 2004 Form 8606, line 22, was less than                       line 23  of that Form 8606             on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
 line 19 of that Form 8606)
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                            line 16 of your 2004 through 2022 
 2003                                         the excess, if any, of your 2003 Form 8606, line 22, over    Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 4 3
(you had an amount on your 2003 Form 8606,                          line 21 of that Form 8606              8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 
 line 21)                                                                                                  on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                            line 16 of your 2003 through 2022 
 2002                                         the excess, if any, of your 2002 Form 8606, line 22, over    Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 4 3
(you had an amount on your 2002 Form 8606,                          line 21 of that Form 8606              8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 
 line 21)                                                                                                  on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                            line 16 of your 2002 through 2022 
 2001                                         the excess, if any, of your 2001 Form 8606, line 22, over    Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 4 3
(you had an amount on your 2001 Form 8606,                          line 21 of that Form 8606              8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 
 line 21)                                                                                                  on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                            line 16 of your 2001 through 2022 
 2000                                         the excess, if any, of your 2000 Form 8606, line 25, over    Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 4 3
 (you had an amount on your 2000 Form 8606,                         line 19 of that Form 8606              8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 
 line 19)                                                                                                  on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                            line 14c of your 2000 Form 8606; 
                                                                                                           line 16 of your 2001 through 2022 
 1999                                         the excess, if any, of your 1999 Form 8606, line 25, over    Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form 4 3
 (you had an amount on your 1999 Form 8606,                         line 19 of that Form 8606              8606;  and certain rollovers  reported 
 line 19)                                                                                                  on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through 
                                                                                                            2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                           line 14c of your 1999 and 2000 Forms 
                                                                                                           8606; line 16 of your 2001 through 
 1998                                         the excess, if any, of your 1998 Form 8606, line 14c, over  2022 Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 4 3
 (you had an amount on your 1998 Form 8606,                         line 20 of that Form 8606              Form 8606;  and certain rollovers  
 line 20)                                                                                                  reported on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 
                                                                                                           through 2022 tax returns. 
                                                                                                           line 14c of your 1998 through 2000 
                                                                                                           Forms 8606; line 16 of your 2001 
 Didn’t have such a distribution in excess of                 the amount from your 2022 Form 8606, line 16 through 2022 Forms 8606; line 21 of 4
 your basis in contributions                                                                               your 2010 Form 8606;  and certain 3
                                                                                                           rollovers  reported on your 2008, 2009, 
                                                                                                           and 2011 through 2022 tax returns. 
1 Excluding rollovers, recharacterizations, and contributions that you had returned to you.
2 Refigure line 23 without taking into account any amount entered on Form 8606, line 20.
3 Amounts rolled over from qualified retirement plans to Roth IRAs from your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 5a, for 2020 through 2022 returns; Form 1040 or 
 1040-SR, line 4c, for 2019 returns; Form 1040, line 4a, for 2018 returns, and line 16a for 2017 and earlier returns; Form 1040A, line 12a (Form 1040A was retired 
 in 2018); or Form 1040-NR, line 17a, for 2019 and earlier returns. 
4 Don’t include any in-plan Roth rollovers entered on line 21.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2022)                                   -13-






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