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                                                                                              Department of the Treasury
                                                                                              Internal Revenue Service
Instructions for Form 6478

(Rev. October 2023)
(For use with the January 2020 revision of Form 6478, Biofuel Producer Credit)

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code             b. For use by the buyer as a fuel in a trade or business, 
unless otherwise noted.                                       or
                                                                c. Who sells the second generation biofuel at retail to 
Future Developments                                           another person and puts the second generation biofuel in 
                                                              the retail buyer’s fuel tank; or
For the latest information about developments related to 
Form 6478 and its instructions, such as legislation             2. Is used or sold by the producer for any purpose 
enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/             described in (1) above.
Form6478.                                                       Qualified second generation biofuel production doesn’t 
                                                              include purchasing alcohol and increasing the proof of the 
What’s New                                                    alcohol through additional distillation. Nor does it include 
                                                              second generation biofuel that isn’t both produced in the 
The biofuel producer credit is extended for fuel sold or      United States or a U.S. territory and used as a fuel in the 
used before 2025. Don't claim the credit for fuel sold or     United States or a U.S. territory.
used after 2024 unless the credit is extended again.
                                                                A qualified second generation biofuel mixture combines 
Reminder                                                      second generation biofuel with gasoline or a special fuel. 
                                                              The producer of the mixture either:
Form 6478 and its instructions will no longer be updated      • Used it as a fuel, or
annually. Instead, they'll only be updated when necessary.    • Sold it as fuel to another person.
Use these instructions with the January 2020 revision of 
Form 6478 for tax years beginning after 2017.                 Second Generation Biofuel
For previous tax years, see the applicable Form 6478 and      Generally, second generation biofuel, for credit purposes, 
instructions.                                                 is any liquid fuel, which:
                                                              • Is derived by, or from, qualified feedstocks;
                                                              • Meets the registration requirements for fuels and fuel 
General Instructions                                          additives established by the Environmental Protection 
                                                              Agency under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
Purpose of Form                                               7545); and
Use Form 6478 (Rev. January 2020) to figure your section      • Isn’t alcohol of less than 150 proof. In figuring the proof 
40 biofuel producer credit for tax years beginning after      of any alcohol, disregard any added denaturants 
2017. You claim the credit for the tax year in which the      (additives that make the alcohol unfit for human 
sale or use occurs. The credit consists of the second         consumption).
generation biofuel producer credit.
                                                                A qualified feedstock is:
You may claim or elect not to claim the biofuel producer      • Any lignocellulosic or hemicellulosic matter that’s 
credit at any time within 3 years from the due date of your   available on a renewable or recurring basis; and
return (determined without regard to extensions) on either    • Any cultivated algae, cyanobacteria, or lemna.
an original or an amended return for the tax year of the 
sale or use.                                                    However, second generation biofuel doesn’t include 
                                                              any fuel if:
Partnerships, S corporations, cooperatives, estates,          • More than 4% of the fuel (determined by weight) is any 
and trusts must file this form to claim the credit. All other combination of water and sediment,
taxpayers aren’t required to complete or file this form if    • The ash content of the fuel is more than 1% 
their only source for this credit is a partnership, S         (determined by weight), or
corporation, cooperative, estate, or trust. Instead, they can • The fuel has an acid number greater than 25.
report this credit directly on the appropriate line of Form 
3800, General Business Credit.                                Special rules for algae.  For sales described in (1) under 
                                                              Qualified Second Generation Biofuel Production, earlier, 
Qualified Second Generation Biofuel                           second generation biofuel also includes certain liquid fuel, 
                                                              which:
Production                                                      Is derived by, or from, any cultivated algae, 
                                                              •
This is second generation biofuel, which during the tax       cyanobacteria, or lemna; and
year:                                                         • Isn’t alcohol of less than 150 proof (disregard any 
1. Is sold by the producer to another person:                 added denaturants).
a. For use by the buyer in the buyer’s trade or business        But only if this fuel is sold by the producer to another 
to produce a qualified second generation biofuel mixture      person for refining by such other person into a liquid fuel 
(other than casual off-farm production),                      that will meet the registration requirements for fuels and 

Oct 5, 2023                                           Cat. No. 13606U



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fuel additives established by the Environmental Protection         • Schedule K-1 (Form 1041), Beneficiary’s Share of 
Agency under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C.       Income, Deductions, Credits, etc., box 13 (code H); and
7545), and not include any fuel if:                                • Form 1099-PATR, Taxable Distributions Received From 
• More than 4% of the fuel (determined by weight) is any       Cooperatives, box 12, or other notice of credit allocation.
combination of water and sediment,
• The ash content of the fuel is more than 1%                        Partnerships, S corporations, cooperatives, estates, 
(determined by weight), or                                     and trusts must always report the above credits on line 3. 
• The fuel has an acid number greater than 25.                 All other taxpayers:
  Also, once this fuel is sold by the producer to another          • Report the above credits directly on the appropriate line 
person for refining by such person into a fuel that will meet  of Form 3800; and
these requirements, neither the producer nor any other             • Don’t file Form 6478.
person can use such fuel (or any fuel derived from such 
fuel) to figure a second credit for qualified second           Line 4
generation biofuel production.                                 Partnerships and S corporations report this amount on 
                                                               Schedule K using the appropriate code. All others report 
Registration                                                   this amount on the appropriate line of Form 3800.
All producers of second generation biofuel must be 
registered with the IRS. See Form 637, Application for         Line 5
Registration.                                                  Cooperatives. A cooperative described in section 
                                                               1381(a) can elect to allocate any part of the biofuel 
Recapture of Credit
                                                               producer credit to patrons of the cooperative. The credit is 
You must pay a tax (recapture) on each gallon of second        allocated pro rata among the patrons eligible to share in 
generation biofuel at the rate you used to figure the credit   patronage dividends on the basis of the quantity or value 
if you don’t use the fuel for the purposes described under     of business done with or for the patrons for the tax year.
Qualified Second Generation Biofuel Production, earlier.
                                                                     If the cooperative is subject to the passive activity rules, 
  Report the tax on Form 720, Quarterly Federal Excise         include on line 3 any Form 6478 credits from passive 
Tax Return.                                                    activities disallowed for prior years and carried forward to 
                                                               this year. Complete Form 8810, Corporate Passive Activity 
                                                               Loss and Credit Limitations, to determine the allowed 
Specific Instructions                                          producer credits that can be allocated to patrons. For 
                                                               details, see the Instructions for Form 8810.
Line 1
                                                                     The cooperative is deemed to have made the election 
Enter the number of gallons of second generation biofuel       by completing line 5. However, the election isn’t effective 
sold or used for the tax year that meets the conditions        unless:
listed under Qualified Second Generation Biofuel                     It’s made on a timely filed tax return (including 
                                                                   •
Production, earlier. Multiply by the rate of $1.01 per gallon. extensions), and
Line 2                                                             • The cooperative designates the apportionment in a 
                                                               written notice or on Form 1099-PATR mailed to its patrons 
The credit shown in column (c) on line 1 must be included 
                                                               during the payment period described in section 1382(d).
in income under “other income” on the applicable line of 
your income tax return, even if you can’t use all of the             If you timely filed your return without making an 
credit because of the tax liability limit. However, if you’re  election, you can still make the election by filing an 
subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT), this amount      amended return within 6 months of the due date of the 
isn’t income in figuring AMT and must be subtracted when       return (excluding extensions). Write “Filed pursuant to 
figuring your alternative minimum taxable income. Do this      section 301.9100-2” on the amended return.
by including this amount on the appropriate line of Form             Once made, the election can’t be revoked.
6251, Alternative Minimum Tax—Individuals, or 
                                                               Estates and trusts. Allocate the biofuel producer credit 
Schedule I (Form 1041), Alternative Minimum 
                                                               on line 4 between the estate or trust and the beneficiaries 
Tax—Estates and Trusts.
                                                               in the same proportion as income was allocated and enter 
Registration number. To claim a second generation              the beneficiaries’ share on line 5.
biofuel producer credit on line 1, you must be registered            If the estate or trust is subject to the passive activity 
with the IRS. Enter your SB registration number in the         rules, include on line 3 any Form 6478 credits from 
space provided. For more information, see Form 637 and         passive activities disallowed for prior years and carried 
Pub. 510, Excise Taxes.                                        forward to this year. Complete Form 8582-CR, Passive 
                                                               Activity Credit Limitations, to determine the allowed credit 
Line 3
                                                               that must be allocated between the estate or trust and the 
Enter the total biofuel producer credits from:                 beneficiaries. See the Instructions for Form 8582-CR.
• Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), Partner’s Share of Income, 
Deductions, Credits, etc., box 15 (code l);                    Line 6
• Schedule K-1 (Form 1120-S), Shareholder’s Share of           Cooperatives, estates, and trusts report this amount on 
Income, Deductions, Credits, etc., box 13 (code l);            the appropriate line of Form 3800.

                                                               -2-             Instructions for Form 6478 (Rev. 10-2023)



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Paperwork Reduction Act Notice.                 We ask for the information on this form to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the 
United States. You’re required to give us the information. We need it to ensure that you’re complying with these laws and 
to allow us to figure and collect the right amount of tax.
You aren’t required to provide the information requested on a form that’s subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act 
unless the form displays a valid OMB control number. Books or records relating to a form or its instructions must be 
retained as long as their contents may become material in the administration of any Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax 
returns and return information are confidential, as required by section 6103.
The time needed to complete and file this form will vary depending on individual circumstances. The estimated burden 
for individual taxpayers filing this form is approved under OMB control number 1545-0074 and is included in the 
estimates shown in the instructions for their individual income tax return. The estimated burden for all other taxpayers 
who file this form is shown below.

Recordkeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 hr., 9 min.
Learning about the law or the form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      53 min.
Preparing and sending the form to the IRS       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   58 min.

If you have comments concerning the accuracy of these time estimates or suggestions for making this form simpler, 
we’d be happy to hear from you. See the instructions for the tax return with which this form is filed.

Instructions for Form 6478 (Rev. 10-2023)                                         -3-






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